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The Private World Of Soviet Scientists From Stalin To Gorbachev
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Book Synopsis The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev by : Maria Rogacheva
Download or read book The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev written by Maria Rogacheva and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major new contribution to understanding the transition of Soviet society from Stalinism to a more humane model of socialism.
Book Synopsis The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev by : Maria Rogacheva
Download or read book The Private World of Soviet Scientists from Stalin to Gorbachev written by Maria Rogacheva and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rogacheva sheds new light on the complex transition of Soviet society from Stalinism into the post-Stalin era. Using the case study of Chernogolovka, one of dozens of scientific towns built in the USSR under Khrushchev, she explains what motivated scientists to participate in the Soviet project during the Cold War. Rogacheva traces the history of this scientific community from its creation in 1956 through the Brezhnev period to paint a nuanced portrait of the living conditions, political outlook, and mentality of the local scientific intelligentsia. Utilizing new archival materials and an extensive oral history project, this book argues that Soviet scientists were not merely bought off by the Soviet state, but that they bought into the idealism and social optimism of the post-Stalin regime. Many shared the regime's belief in the progressive development of Soviet society on a scientific basis, and embraced their increased autonomy, material privileges and elite status.
Book Synopsis Stalin's Great Science by : A. B. Kozhevnikov
Download or read book Stalin's Great Science written by A. B. Kozhevnikov and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-class science and technology developed in the Soviet Union during Stalin's dictatorial rule under conditions of political violence, lack of international contacts, and severe restrictions on the freedom of information. Stalin's Great Science: The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists is an invaluable book that investigates this paradoxical success by following the lives and work of Soviet scientists ? including Nobel Prize-winning physicists Kapitza, Landau, and others ? throughout the turmoil of wars, revolutions, and repression that characterized the first half of Russia's twentieth century.The book examines how scientists operated within the Soviet political order, communicated with Stalinist politicians, built a new system of research institutions, and conducted groundbreaking research under extraordinary circumstances. Some of their novel scientific ideas and theories reflected the influence of Soviet ideology and worldview and have since become accepted universally as fundamental concepts of contemporary science. In the process of making sense of the achievements of Soviet science, the book dismantles standard assumptions about the interaction between science, politics, and ideology, as well as many dominant stereotypes ? mostly inherited from the Cold War ? about Soviet history in general. Science and technology were not only granted unprecedented importance in Soviet society, but they also exerted a crucial formative influence on the Soviet political system itself. Unlike most previous studies, Stalin's Great Science recognizes the status of science as an essential element of the Soviet polity and explores the nature of a special relationship between experts (scientists and engineers) and communist politicians that enabled the initial rise of the Soviet state and its mature accomplishments, until the pact eroded in later years, undermining the communist regime from within.
Book Synopsis Stalin to Gorbachev and Beyond by : Triloki Nath Kaul
Download or read book Stalin to Gorbachev and Beyond written by Triloki Nath Kaul and published by Lancer Publishers. This book was released on 1991 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Buried Glory written by Istvan Hargittai and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery is the final resting place of some of Russia's most celebrated figures, from Khrushchev and Yeltsin to Anton Chekhov, Sergei Eisenstein, Nikolai Gogol, and Mikhail Bulgakov. Using this famed cemetery as symbolic starting point, Buried Glory profiles a dozen eminent Soviet scientists-nine of whom are buried at Novodevichy-men who illustrate both the glorious heights of Soviet research as well as the eclipse of science since the collapse of the USSR. Drawing on extensive archival research and his own personal memories, renowned chemist Istvan Hargittai bring these figures back to life, placing their remarkable scientific achievements against the tense political backdrop of the Cold War. Among the eminent scientists profiled here are Petr L. Kapitza, one of the most brilliant representatives of the great generation of Soviet physicists, a Nobel-Prize winner who risked his career-and his life-standing up for fellow scientists against Stalin. Yulii B. Khariton, who ran the highly secretive Soviet nuclear weapons laboratory, Arzamas-16, despite being Jewish and despite the fact that his father Boris had been sent to the labor camps. And Andrei D. Sakharov, the "father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb" and a brilliant fighter for human rights, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Along the way, Hargittai shines a light on the harrowing conditions under which these brilliant researchers excelled. Indeed, in the post-war period, Stalin's anti-Semitism and ongoing anti-science measures devastated biology, damaged chemistry, and nearly destroyed physics. The latter was saved only because Stalin realized that without physics and physicists there could be no nuclear weapons. The extraordinary scientific talent nurtured by the Soviet regime belongs almost entirely to the past. Buried Glory is both a fitting tribute to these great scientists and a fascinating account of scientific work behind the Iron Curtain.
Author :Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev Publisher :Columbia University Press ISBN 13 :9780231115155 Total Pages :312 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (151 download)
Book Synopsis Gorbachev by : Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev
Download or read book Gorbachev written by Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on his own experience, rich archival material, and a keen sense of history and politics, Mikhail Gorbachev offers his rare perspective on a range of subjects concerning Russia's past, present, and future place in the world--including the October Revolution, the Cold War, and key figures such as Lenin, Stalin, and Yeltsin.
Book Synopsis Lenin's Laureate by : Paul R. Josephson
Download or read book Lenin's Laureate written by Paul R. Josephson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life and work of a leading Soviet physicist and an exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet science from Stalin through Gorbachev. In 2000, Russian scientist Zhores Alferov shared the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the heterojunction, a semiconductor device the practical applications of which include LEDs, rapid transistors, and the microchip. The Prize was the culmination of a career in Soviet science that spanned the eras of Stalin, Khrushchev, and Gorbachev—and continues today in the postcommunist Russia of Putin and Medvedev. In Lenin's Laureate, historian Paul Josephson tells the story of Alferov's life and work and examines the bureaucratic, economic, and ideological obstacles to doing state-sponsored scientific research in the Soviet Union. Lenin and the Bolsheviks built strong institutions for scientific research, rectifying years of neglect under the Czars. Later generations of scientists, including Alferov and his colleagues, reaped the benefits, achieving important breakthroughs: the first nuclear reactor for civilian energy, an early fusion device, and, of course, the Sputnik satellite. Josephson's account of Alferov's career reveals the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet science—a schizophrenic environment of cutting-edge research and political interference. Alferov, born into a family of Communist loyalists, joined the party in 1967. He supported Gorbachev's reforms in the 1980s, but later became frustrated by the recession-plagued postcommunist state's failure to fund scientific research adequately. An elected member of the Russian parliament since 1995, he uses his prestige as a Nobel laureate to protect Russian science from further cutbacks. Drawing on extensive archival research and the author's own discussions with Alferov, Lenin's Laureate offers a unique account of Soviet science, presented against the backdrop of the USSR's turbulent history from the revolution through perestroika.
Book Synopsis The Man who Changed the World by : Gail Sheehy
Download or read book The Man who Changed the World written by Gail Sheehy and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1991 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a candid study of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, drawing on previously unavailable sources to describe his early life and his rise to political power.
Book Synopsis Gorbachev: His Life and Times by : William Taubman
Download or read book Gorbachev: His Life and Times written by William Taubman and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography Longlisted for the Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction The definitive biography of the transformational Russian leader by the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Khrushchev. "Essential reading for the twenty-first [century]." —Radhika Jones, The New York Times Book Review When Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, the USSR. was one of the world’s two superpowers. By 1989, his liberal policies of perestroika and glasnost had permanently transformed Soviet Communism, and had made enemies of radicals on the right and left. By 1990 he, more than anyone else, had ended the Cold War, and in 1991, after barely escaping from a coup attempt, he unintentionally presided over the collapse of the Soviet Union he had tried to save. In the first comprehensive biography of the final Soviet leader, William Taubman shows how a peasant boy became the Soviet system’s gravedigger, how he clambered to the top of a system designed to keep people like him down, how he found common ground with America’s arch-conservative president Ronald Reagan, and how he permitted the USSR and its East European empire to break apart without using force to preserve them. Throughout, Taubman portrays the many sides of Gorbachev’s unique character that, by Gorbachev’s own admission, make him "difficult to understand." Was he in fact a truly great leader, or was he brought low in the end by his own shortcomings, as well as by the unyielding forces he faced? Drawing on interviews with Gorbachev himself, transcripts and documents from the Russian archives, and interviews with Kremlin aides and adversaries, as well as foreign leaders, Taubman’s intensely personal portrait extends to Gorbachev’s remarkable marriage to a woman he deeply loved, and to the family that they raised together. Nuanced and poignant, yet unsparing and honest, this sweeping account has all the amplitude of a great Russian novel.
Book Synopsis The Making of a Soviet Scientist by : Roald Z. Sagdeev
Download or read book The Making of a Soviet Scientist written by Roald Z. Sagdeev and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1995-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critically acclaimed memoir that rips the curtain of secrecy off the world of Soviet science "Revelations and insights about the Soviet space program . . . It is good that such a wise man will live among us for a while." --The New York Times "A rare, valuable, insider's look at the Soviet military industrial machine."--Publishers Weekly "I found it fascinating . . . important not only to scientists, but also for those who fashion government politics generally."--Herman Feshbach Institute Professor Emeritus Massachusetts Institute of Technology "A real contribution to the literature of the space age."--Chicago Sun-Times "This is a powerful yet charming account of the Soviet Union's scientific, space, and military enterprise, characterized by Sagdeev's frank and insightful style mixed with delightful humor and humanity."--Charles H. Townes Nobel Laureate in Physics University of California, Berkeley "For all who are interested in the interaction of science and society, and in the nature of the Soviet Union as seen by a keen observer who was at the same time an 'insider' and a dedicated humanist, this book is highly recommended." --Physics Today
Book Synopsis Stalinist Science by : Nikolai Krementsov
Download or read book Stalinist Science written by Nikolai Krementsov and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1996-11-25 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some scholars have viewed the Soviet state and science as two monolithic entities--with bureaucrats as oppressors, and scientists as defenders of intellectual autonomy. Based on previously unknown documents from the archives of state and Communist Party agencies and of numerous scientific institutions, Stalinist Science shows that this picture is oversimplified. Even the reinstated Science Department within the Central Committee was staffed by a leading geneticist and others sympathetic to conventional science. In fact, a symbiosis of state bureaucrats and scientists established a much more terrifying system of control over the scientific community than any critic of Soviet totalitarianism had feared. Some scientists, on the other hand, developed more elaborate devices to avoid and exploit this control system than any advocate of academic freedom could have reasonably hoped. Nikolai Krementsov argues that the model of Stalinist science, already taking hold during the thirties, was reversed by the need for inter-Allied cooperation during World War II. Science, as a tool for winning the war and as a diplomatic and propaganda instrument, began to enjoy higher status, better funding, and relative autonomy. Even the reinstated Science Department within the Central Committee was staffed by a leading geneticist and others sympathetic to conventional science. However, the onset of the Cold War led to a campaign for eliminating such servility to the West. Then the Western links that had benefited genetics and other sciences during the war and through 1946 became a liability, and were used by Lysenko and others to turn back to the repressive past and to delegitimate whole research directions.
Book Synopsis Soviet Scientists Remember by : Maria A. Rogacheva
Download or read book Soviet Scientists Remember written by Maria A. Rogacheva and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maria Rogacheva’s Soviet Scientists Remember gives voice to one of the most prominent and educated groups in the late USSR: scientists. Lifting the veil of secrecy that covered scientists during the Cold War, this book brings together six first-person accounts of residents of the formerly closed scientific town of Chernogolovka. In their interviews, scientists talk about growing up in Stalin’s Russia and surviving the Great Patriotic War, their decision to join the scientific intelligentsia, and the outstanding opportunities that were available to them in the heyday of the Cold War. They reflect on their daily lives in a privileged scientific community and their relationship with the Soviet state and the Communist Party. Soviet Scientists Remember sheds light on how ordinary people experienced the transformation of Soviet society after Stalin’s death, as well as its tumultuous transition to the post-Soviet era in the 1990s.
Book Synopsis The Gorbachev Regime by : Peter H. Juviler
Download or read book The Gorbachev Regime written by Peter H. Juviler and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early days of Gorbachev's rise to power in the Soviet Union, an international group of U.S. and Japanese authorities probed the issues and forces that shaped a mammoth struggle within the Soviet Union. This book examines Gorbachev's reforms--the extent of their dramatic changes and the sobering evidence of their limits. The contributors' assessments range from wonder at the new atmosphere and expressive possibilities, to recognition of the reforms' reversibility, increasing difficulty, and the long road ahead. This is a fascinating contemporary review of factors that led to the demise of the Soviet Union only a few years later. "Perestroika," the transformation of Soviet society and economic relations, epitomized Gorbachev's remedy for the ailing Soviet economy, which developed into a redefinition of Soviet socialism. Gorbachev emphasized that the success of reform depended not only on the technology and money, but also to succeed the reforms must overcome Stalin's legacy of bureaucratic centralism and enlist the creative energies of the Soviet people. This volume explains why the strength and nature of the reform coalition and anti-reform opposition, the limits and prospects of reform, and the compatibility of decentralizing reforms within the centralized one-party Soviet system and the implications of reforms for Soviet relations with the rest of the world. Peter Juviler is professor emeritus of political science and chair of the Human Rights Program both at Bernard College. He is the author of numerous books including Freedom's Ordeal: Th e Struggle for Human Rights and Democracy in Post-Soviet States, Human Rights for the 21st Century: Foundations for Responsible Hope, and Revolutionary Law and Order: Politics and Social Change in the USSR. Hiroshi Kimura is professor emeritus at Hokkaido University as well as the International Center for Japanese Studies. He is the author of Distant Neighbors and co-editor of International Negotiation: Actors, Structural Process, Values.
Book Synopsis Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders by : George W. Breslauer
Download or read book Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders written by George W. Breslauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders also compares these men with Khrushchev and Brezhnev, yielding new insight into the nature of Soviet and post-Soviet politics and into the dynamics of "transformational" leadership more generally. The book is an important contribution to the analysis and evaluation of political leadership. It is well written and accessible to the nonspecialist."--Jacket.
Book Synopsis Ensnared between Hitler and Stalin by : David K Zimmerman
Download or read book Ensnared between Hitler and Stalin written by David K Zimmerman and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1930s, hundreds of scientists and scholars fled Hitler’s Germany. Many found safety, but some made the disastrous decision to seek refuge in Stalin’s Soviet Union. The vast majority of these refugee scholars were arrested, murdered, or forced to flee the Soviet Union during the Great Terror. Many of the survivors then found themselves embroiled in the Holocaust. Ensnared between Hitler and Stalin explores the forced migration of these displaced academics from Nazi Germany to the Soviet Union. The book follows the lives of thirty-six scholars through some of the most tumultuous events of the twentieth century. It reveals that not only did they endure the chaos that engulfed central Europe in the decades before Hitler came to power, but they were also caught up in two of the greatest mass murders in history. David Zimmerman examines how those fleeing Hitler in their quests for safe harbour faced hardship and grave danger, including arrest, torture, and execution by the Soviet state. Drawing on German, Russian, and English sources, Ensnared between Hitler and Stalin illustrates the complex paths taken by refugee scholars in flight.
Download or read book Soviet Science written by Conway Zirkle and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gorbachev And The Soviet Future by : Lawrence W. Lerner
Download or read book Gorbachev And The Soviet Future written by Lawrence W. Lerner and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1988-12-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
