The Pragmatics Of Scientific Explanation

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Scientific Understanding

Author : Henk W. de Regt
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822971240
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Understanding by : Henk W. de Regt

Download or read book Scientific Understanding written by Henk W. de Regt and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2014-08-09 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To most scientists, and to those interested in the sciences, understanding is the ultimate aim of scientific endeavor. In spite of this, understanding, and how it is achieved, has received little attention in recent philosophy of science. Scientific Understanding seeks to reverse this trend by providing original and in-depth accounts of the concept of understanding and its essential role in the scientific process. To this end, the chapters in this volume explore and develop three key topics: understanding and explanation, understanding and models, and understanding in scientific practice. Earlier philosophers, such as Carl Hempel, dismissed understanding as subjective and pragmatic. They believed that the essence of science was to be found in scientific theories and explanations. In Scientific Understanding, the contributors maintain that we must also consider the relation between explanations and the scientists who construct and use them. They focus on understanding as the cognitive state that is a goal of explanation and on the understanding of theories and models as a means to this end. The chapters in this book highlight the multifaceted nature of the process of scientific research. The contributors examine current uses of theory, models, simulations, and experiments to evaluate the degree to which these elements contribute to understanding. Their analyses pay due attention to the roles of intelligibility, tacit knowledge, and feelings of understanding. Furthermore, they investigate how understanding is obtained within diverse scientific disciplines and examine how the acquisition of understanding depends on specific contexts, the objects of study, and the stated aims of research.

The Pragmatics of Scientific Explanation

Author : Matti Sintonen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pragmatics of Scientific Explanation by : Matti Sintonen

Download or read book The Pragmatics of Scientific Explanation written by Matti Sintonen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Theories of Explanation

Author : Joseph C. Pitt
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9780195049718
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Theories of Explanation by : Joseph C. Pitt

Download or read book Theories of Explanation written by Joseph C. Pitt and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1988 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim's ground-breaking work "Studies in the Logic of Explanation," the theory of explanation has remained a major topic in the philosophy of science. This valuable collection provides readers with the opportunity to study some of the classic essays on the theory of explanation along with the best examples of the most recent work being done on the topic. In addition to the original Hempel and Oppenheim paper, the volume includes Scriven's critical reaction to it, Wilfrid Sellars's discussion of the problem of theoretical explanation, and pieces by Salmon, Railton, van Fraassen, Friedman, Kitcher, and Achinstein in which they demonstrate the vitality of the subject by extending the scope of the inquiry.

The Pragmatic Turn

Author : Andreas K. Engel
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262545772
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pragmatic Turn by : Andreas K. Engel

Download or read book The Pragmatic Turn written by Andreas K. Engel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts from a range of disciplines assess the foundations and implications of a novel action-oriented view of cognition. Cognitive science is experiencing a pragmatic turn away from the traditional representation-centered framework toward a view that focuses on understanding cognition as “enactive.” This enactive view holds that cognition does not produce models of the world but rather subserves action as it is grounded in sensorimotor skills. In this volume, experts from cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, robotics, and philosophy of mind assess the foundations and implications of a novel action-oriented view of cognition. Their contributions and supporting experimental evidence show that an enactive approach to cognitive science enables strong conceptual advances, and the chapters explore key concepts for this new model of cognition. The contributors discuss the implications of an enactive approach for cognitive development; action-oriented models of cognitive processing; action-oriented understandings of consciousness and experience; and the accompanying paradigm shifts in the fields of philosophy, brain science, robotics, and psychology. Contributors Moshe Bar, Lawrence W. Barsalov, Olaf Blanke, Jeannette Bohg, Martin V. Butz, Peter F. Dominey, Andreas K. Engel, Judith M. Ford, Karl J. Friston, Chris D. Frith, Shaun Gallagher, Antonia Hamilton, Tobias Heed, Cecilia Heyes, Elisabeth Hill, Matej Hoffmann, Jakob Hohwy, Bernhard Hommel, Atsushi Iriki, Pierre Jacob, Henrik Jörntell, Jürgen Jost, James Kilner, Günther Knoblich, Peter König, Danica Kragic, Miriam Kyselo, Alexander Maye, Marek McGann, Richard Menary, Thomas Metzinger, Ezequiel Morsella, Saskia Nagel, Kevin J. O'Regan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, Giovanni Pezzulo, Tony J. Prescott, Wolfgang Prinz, Friedemann Pulvermüller, Robert Rupert, Marti Sanchez-Fibla, Andrew Schwartz, Anil K. Seth, Vicky Southgate, Antonella Tramacere, John K. Tsotsos, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Gabriella Vigliocco, Gottfried Vosgerau

Peirce's Pragmatic Theory of Inquiry

Author : Elizabeth Cooke
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780826488992
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Peirce's Pragmatic Theory of Inquiry by : Elizabeth Cooke

Download or read book Peirce's Pragmatic Theory of Inquiry written by Elizabeth Cooke and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ground-breaking study of one of America's greatest philosophers

Explaining Cancer

Author : Anya Plutynski
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190904585
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Cancer by : Anya Plutynski

Download or read book Explaining Cancer written by Anya Plutynski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Explaining Cancer, Anya Plutynski addresses a variety of philosophical questions that arise in the context of cancer science and medicine. She begins with the following concerns: · How do scientists classify cancer? Do these classifications reflect nature's "joints"? · How do cancer scientists identify and classify early stage cancers? · What does it mean to say that cancer is a "genetic" disease? What role do genes play in "mechanisms for" cancer? · What are the most important environmental causes of cancer, and how do epidemiologists investigate these causes? · How exactly has our evolutionary history made us vulnerable to cancer? Explaining Cancer uses these questions as an entrée into a family of philosophical debates. It uses case studies of scientific practice to reframe philosophical debates about natural classification in science and medicine, the problem of drawing the line between disease and health, mechanistic reasoning in science, pragmatics and evidence, the roles of models and modeling in science, and the nature of scientific explanation.

Science, Explanation, and Rationality

Author : James H. Fetzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195352912
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Explanation, and Rationality by : James H. Fetzer

Download or read book Science, Explanation, and Rationality written by James H. Fetzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-12-07 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carl G. Hempel exerted greater influence upon philosophers of science than any other figure during the 20th century. In this far-reaching collection, distinguished philosophers contribute valuable studies that illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Hempel was devoted. The essays enhance our understanding of the development of logical empiricism as the major intellectual influence for scientifically-oriented philosophers and philosophically-minded scientists of the 20th century.

Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery

Author : Jaakko Hintikka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593132
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery by : Jaakko Hintikka

Download or read book Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Jaakko Hintikka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability.

Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics

Author : Fabrizio Macagno
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030564371
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics by : Fabrizio Macagno

Download or read book Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics written by Fabrizio Macagno and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-11 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with the volume “Inquiries in philosophical pragmatics: Linguistic and theoretical issues,” this book provides a journey through the more recent developments of pragmatics, considering both its philosophical and linguistic nature. This first volume is devoted to the theoretical models developed from a philosophical perspective, including both the newest advances of the classical theories and approaches, and pioneering and interdisciplinary ideas proposed to face the challenges of the fields and areas of practice and analysis. The topics investigated, which include implicatures, reference, presupposition, speech acts, metaphor, relevance, and common ground, represent the core of the state of the art in philosophical pragmatics. Research on these matters have been continuously changing the way that we can look at them. This book serves as a collection of works from the most eminent authors who represent the theoretical developments of the approaches that defined this field, together with the new philosophical insights coming from more applied disciplines such as argumentation, discourse analysis, or linguistics. The combination of these two perspectives provides a unique outline of the current research in pragmatics.

Cogent Science in Context

Author : William Rehg
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262264463
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Cogent Science in Context by : William Rehg

Download or read book Cogent Science in Context written by William Rehg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for an interdisciplinary, context-sensitive framework for assessing the strength of scientific arguments that melds Jürgen Habermas's discourse theory and sociological contextualism. Recent years have seen a series of intense, increasingly acrimonious debates over the status and legitimacy of the natural sciences. These “science wars” take place in the public arena—with current battles over evolution and global warming—and in academia, where assumptions about scientific objectivity have been called into question. Given these hostilities, what makes a scientific claim merit our consideration? In Cogent Science in Context, William Rehg examines what makes scientific arguments cogent—that is, strong and convincing—and how we should assess that cogency. Drawing on the tools of argumentation theory, Rehg proposes a multidimensional, context-sensitive framework both for understanding the cogency of scientific arguments and for conducting cooperative interdisciplinary assessments of the cogency of actual scientific arguments. Rehg closely examines Jürgen Habermas's argumentation theory and its implications for understanding cogency, applying it to a case from high-energy physics. A series of problems, however, beset Habermas's approach. In response, Rehg outlines his own “critical contextualist” approach, which uses argumentation-theory categories in a new and more context-sensitive way inspired by ethnography of science.

The Structure of Scientific Theories

Author : Frederick Suppe
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252006340
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure of Scientific Theories by : Frederick Suppe

Download or read book The Structure of Scientific Theories written by Frederick Suppe and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ''A clear and comprehensive introduction to contemporary philosophy of science.'' -- American Scientist ''The best account of scientific theory now available, one that surely commends itself to every philosopher of science with the slightest interest in metaphysics.'' -- Review of Mathematics ''It should certainly be of interest to those teaching graduate courses in philosophy of science and to scientists wishing to gain a further appreciation of the approach used by philosophers of science.'' -- Science Activities

Scientific Representation

Author : James Nguyen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009007343
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Representation by : James Nguyen

Download or read book Scientific Representation written by James Nguyen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the notion of scientific representation. It does so by focussing on an important class of scientific representations, namely scientific models. Models are important in the scientific process because scientists can study a model to discover features of reality. But what does it mean for something to represent something else? This is the question discussed in this Element. The authors begin by disentangling different aspects of the problem of representation and then discuss the dominant accounts in the philosophical literature: the resemblance view and inferentialism. They find them both wanting and submit that their own preferred option, the so-called DEKI account, not only eschews the problems that beset these conceptions, but further provides a comprehensive answer to the question of how scientific representation works. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation

Author : Kate Scott
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108418635
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation by : Kate Scott

Download or read book Relevance, Pragmatics and Interpretation written by Kate Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Showcases recent research by leading scholars working within the relevance-theoretic pragmatics framework.

Understanding Scientific Understanding

Author : Henk W. de Regt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190652934
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Scientific Understanding by : Henk W. de Regt

Download or read book Understanding Scientific Understanding written by Henk W. de Regt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely acknowledged that a central aim of science is to achieve understanding of the world around us, and that possessing such understanding is highly important in our present-day society. But what does it mean to achieve this understanding? What precisely is scientific understanding? These are philosophical questions that have not yet received satisfactory answers. While there has been an ongoing debate about the nature of scientific explanation since Carl Hempel advanced his covering-law model in 1948, the related notion of understanding has been largely neglected, because most philosophers regarded understanding as merely a subjective by-product of objective explanations. By contrast, this book puts scientific understanding center stage. It is primarily a philosophical study, but also contains detailed historical case studies of scientific practice. In contrast to most existing studies in this area, it takes into account scientists' views and analyzes their role in scientific debate and development. The aim of Understanding Scientific Understanding is to develop and defend a philosophical theory of scientific understanding that can describe and explain the historical variation of criteria for understanding actually employed by scientists. The theory does justice to the insights of such famous physicists as Werner Heisenberg and Richard Feynman, while bringing much-needed conceptual rigor to their intuitions. The scope of the proposed account of understanding is the natural sciences: while the detailed case studies derive from physics, examples from other sciences are presented to illustrate its wider validity.

Qualitative Methods in International Relations

Author : A. Klotz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230584128
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Qualitative Methods in International Relations by : A. Klotz

Download or read book Qualitative Methods in International Relations written by A. Klotz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-02-27 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We still lack practical answers to one of the most basic questions in empirical research: How should researchers interpret meanings? The contributors take seriously the goals of both post-modernist and positivist researchers, as they offer detailed guidance on how to apply specific tools of analysis and how to circumvent their inherent limitations.

Arguing about Science

Author : Alexander Bird
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415492297
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Arguing about Science by : Alexander Bird

Download or read book Arguing about Science written by Alexander Bird and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title offers a selection of thought-provoking articles that examine a broad range of issues, from the demarcation problem, induction and explanation to contemporary issues such as the relationship between science and race and gender, and science and religion

Cognitive Pragmatics

Author : Marco Mazzone
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501507672
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Pragmatics by : Marco Mazzone

Download or read book Cognitive Pragmatics written by Marco Mazzone and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive pragmatics is a mature field of research, characterized by robust theories and a growing amount of experimental work. In particular, Relevance Theory has provided a rich framework for research in the field. However, this theory makes a number of assumptions that are rooted in a modular view of cognition. This book provides a detailed analysis of such assumptions, arguing for an alternative model which has, however, some support in ideas explored by relevance theorists. First of all, inferences are explained in terms of associative pattern completion within associative networks, based on the schematic organization of memory. This explanation is shown to apply to a number of cognitive domains besides pragmatics, including mindreading. Moreover, such a view is compatible with a general understanding of the neurocomputational machinery of our cortex, suggesting a general argument to the effect that modularity in its standard version cannot be right. Second, the book argues for a crucial role of conscious attention in pragmatics as well as in most cognitive processes. In the end, what is proposed is not only a revision of Relevance Theory but also a fresh analysis of reasoning, which vindicates some Gricean intuitions.