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The Output Gap Between Canada And The United States Electronic Resource The Role Of Productivity 1994 2002
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Book Synopsis The Output Gap Between Canada and the United States [electronic Resource] : the Role of Productivity, 1994-2002 by : John Russel Baldwin
Download or read book The Output Gap Between Canada and the United States [electronic Resource] : the Role of Productivity, 1994-2002 written by John Russel Baldwin and published by Statistics Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses two separate but related measures to investigate the size of the output & productivity gaps between the United States and Canada over 1994-2002 and to ask how these gaps are related. It first explains the two measures, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and GDP per hour worked (better known as labour productivity). in examining the total economy of both countries, both the business and the government & non-profit sectors are combined to obtain measures of the GDP. Differences in level of GDP per capita and differences in labour productivity are discussed. The paper also estimates the percentage of the difference in GDP per capita that arises from differences in productivity.
Book Synopsis The Output Gap Between Canada and the United States by : John R. Baldwin
Download or read book The Output Gap Between Canada and the United States written by John R. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparisons of Canada's economy to that of the United States are done for several purposes. On the one hand, analysts are interested in whether there is an output gap between the two countries -- whether Canada is as well off as the United States in terms of the quantities of goods and services that are produced, taking into account the relative size of the two countries. On the other hand, analysts ask whether there is a productivity gap -- whether Canada is equally efficient in transforming the resources used in the production process into goods and services. Determining the answers to both these questions is complex because of the size and diversity of the two economies. The Canadian and U.S. economies produce a variety of goods and services and intercountry comparisons require the creation of a single (or a small) number of summary statistics that encapsulate differences between the two countries. In this paper, we use two separate but related measures to investigate the size of the output and productivity gaps between the two countries over the period from 1994 to 2002 and ask how they are related. We do so in order not only to describe the differences between Canada and the United States but also to ask whether the two measures provide the same story. We show that they do not and explain why.
Book Synopsis Productivity Measurement and Analysis by : OECD
Download or read book Productivity Measurement and Analysis written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-04-28 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the proceedings of two workshops on productivity measurement and analysis, which brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other officials involved with the analysis and measurement of productivity at aggregate and industry levels.
Book Synopsis Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations by : Mr.Pau Rabanal
Download or read book Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations written by Mr.Pau Rabanal and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-12-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our answer: Not so well. We reached that conclusion after reviewing recent research on the role of technology as a source of economic fluctuations. The bulk of the evidence suggests a limited role for aggregate technology shocks, pointing instead to demand factors as the main force behind the strong positive comovement between output and labor input measures.
Book Synopsis Role of competition in the Canada-U.S. productivity gap by :
Download or read book Role of competition in the Canada-U.S. productivity gap written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Section 4 provides a brief description of the dataset and the construction of the competition indicators, as well as our approach to purging the endogeneity in some of these indicators. [...] Following the existing literature, we measure this distance as the difference in the (log) level of TFP in each country-industry relative to the technological frontier. [...] The weights used in the calculation are total input coefficients, derived from (harmonised) input-output tables, which measure the extent to which intermediate inputs from each of the non-manufacturing sectors are used in the final output of each sector in the economy. [...] However, given the noticeable discrepancies in the rates of depreciation across Canadian and the U. S. industries (in the available data), we apply the U. S.-industry capital depreciation rates to both countries. [...] Thus, using the resulting equation, we determine the contributions of the competition intensity gap to the Canada-U.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis דעיכת יבולי מלפוננים במונוקולטורה- הגורמים לה ושיטות לביטולה by : George Arraf
Download or read book דעיכת יבולי מלפוננים במונוקולטורה- הגורמים לה ושיטות לביטולה written by George Arraf and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Comparative Level of GDP Per Capita in Canada and the United States by : Jean-Pierre Maynard
Download or read book The Comparative Level of GDP Per Capita in Canada and the United States written by Jean-Pierre Maynard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is the third in a series related to the project launched in fall 2003 by the Canadian Productivity Accounts of Statistics Canada in order to compare productivity levels between Canada and the United States. The study's purpose is to examine the comparability of the components of the labour market of these two countries that serve as the sources of the differences in the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita between them. This study can be subdivided into three sections. The first section develops and illustrates the conceptual and methodological framework required to make Canada/United States estimates of labour and population comparable in terms of level. The second section presents revisions and an update to 2005 of the GDP per capita differences and its components, which were presented for the first time in the study by Baldwin, Maynard and Wong (2005), which covered the period from 1994 to 2002, at the time. Lastly, using the year 2000 as an example, this study tries to quantify the "statistical error" that arises from using inadequate statistics or statistics not designed for this type of international comparison. This exercise reveals that the comparability of data on hours worked per job is especially crucial to identifying the origin of the differences in GDP per capita between labour productivity and hours worked per capita. The worst error involves comparing hours worked estimated from an employer survey with those obtained from a household survey. This type of comparison between Canada and the United States results in assigning an estimated 72% of the difference in GDP per capita to labour productivity when, in reality, it counted for barely 36% in 2000.
Book Synopsis Measuring Output Gap: Is It Worth Your Time? by : Mr.Jiaqian Chen
Download or read book Measuring Output Gap: Is It Worth Your Time? written by Mr.Jiaqian Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We apply a range of models to the U.K. data to obtain estimates of the output gap. A structural VAR with an appropriate identification strategy provides improved estimates of output gap with better real time properties and lower sensitivity to temporary shocks than the usual filtering techniques. It also produces smaller out-of-sample forecast errors for inflation. At the same time, however, our results suggest caution in basing policy decisions on output gap estimates.
Book Synopsis A Frontier Approach to Canada-U.S. Multifactor Producivity Performance by : Kaïs Dachraoui
Download or read book A Frontier Approach to Canada-U.S. Multifactor Producivity Performance written by Kaïs Dachraoui and published by Statistics Canada. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Canada-United States Labour Productivity Gap Across Firm Size Classes by : John Russel Baldwin
Download or read book Canada-United States Labour Productivity Gap Across Firm Size Classes written by John Russel Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper examines and compares labour productivity in Canada and the United States for small and large firms over the period from 2002 to 2008. It quantifies the relative importance of small and large firms in Canada and the United States and measures the relative productivity levels of small versus large firms. Small firms are relatively more important in the Canadian economy. Small firms are less productive than large firms in both countries. But the productivity disadvantage of small relative to large firms was higher in Canada. The paper provides an estimate of the impact that these differences have on the gap in productivity levels between Canada and the United States. It first estimates the changes that would occur in Canadian aggregate labour productivity if the share of hours worked of large firms in Canada was increased to the U.S. level. It then quantifies the impact of increasing the relative productivity of small to large firms in Canada up to the relative productivity ratio of small firms to large firms that existed in the United States."--Document.
Book Synopsis Does Under-investment Contribute to the Canada-U.S. Productivity Gap? by : Canada. Economic and Fiscal Policy Branch
Download or read book Does Under-investment Contribute to the Canada-U.S. Productivity Gap? written by Canada. Economic and Fiscal Policy Branch and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in machinery and equipment, research and development, physical capital, human capital.
Book Synopsis The Economic Development of Latin America in the Twentieth Century by : André A. Hofman
Download or read book The Economic Development of Latin America in the Twentieth Century written by André A. Hofman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hofman, a researcher with the Chile-based Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, uses growth accounting methods and previously unavailable long-term series data to assess the economic performance of the region during the century from a comparative and historical perspective. In particular he compares Latin American economies to those of advanced capitalist economies, to newly industrialized economies, and to Spain and Portugal because of the historical ties. He looks at the reasons for the poor or negative growth during the 1980s and the apparent recovery in the 1990s and at such problems as debt, income inequality, high inflation, cyclical instability, and political and policy instability. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Book Synopsis Aggregate labour productivity growth in Canada and the United States by :
Download or read book Aggregate labour productivity growth in Canada and the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper examines all data sources for output, employment and hours estimates in the two countries, and attempts to identify the series that are the most appropriate for the calculation of aggregate labour productivity - both from the perspective of the methodological merits of each series and of cross-country comparability. [...] In terms of explaining Canada's poor performance at the business sector level relative to the United States, in contrast to the less pessimistic performance implied by total economy comparisons, the paper comes to the following conclusions: • The difference could be due to three factors, namely a stronger business sector performance in the United States than in Canada, different sizes of the busin [...] The hours share of the business sector in the total economy in vi Canada is much higher than in the United States, and has been rising in contrast to declines in the United States. [...] The sources of the smaller gap between business sector and total economy productivity growth in Canada than in the United States are examined, and the advantages and disadvantages of the business sector and total economy for monitoring and comparing productivity performance are presented. [...] These issues - the substantially larger hours share of the business sector in Canada than in the United States, the growth of this share in Canada in contrast to the decline of this share in the United States, and divergence between output and hours shares in Canada and not the United States - each deserve further research.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Productivity by : Dale Weldeau Jorgenson
Download or read book The Economics of Productivity written by Dale Weldeau Jorgenson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable behavior of information technology prices provides the key to the resurgence of productivity growth in the USA and the world economy. This title presents the contemporary framework for productivity measurement that focuses on the impact of information technology on economic growth.
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