The Origins Of The Lebanese National Idea

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The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea

Author : Carol Hakim
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520273419
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea by : Carol Hakim

Download or read book The Origins of the Lebanese National Idea written by Carol Hakim and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-01-19 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating study, Carol Hakim presents a new and original narrative on the origins of the Lebanese national idea. Hakim’s study reconsiders conventional accounts that locate the origins of Lebanese nationalism in a distant legendary past and then trace its evolution in a linear and gradual manner. She argues that while some of the ideas and historical myths at the core of Lebanese nationalism appeared by the mid-nineteenth century, a coherent popular nationalist ideology and movement emerged only with the establishment of the Lebanese state in 1920. Hakim reconstructs the complex process that led to the appearance of fluid national ideals among members of the clerical and secular Lebanese elite, and follows the fluctuations and variations of these ideals up until the establishment of a Lebanese state. The book is an essential read for anyone interested in the evolution of nationalism in the Middle East and beyond.

Stability and the Lebanese State in the 20th Century

Author : Tarek Abou Jaoude
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0755644166
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis Stability and the Lebanese State in the 20th Century by : Tarek Abou Jaoude

Download or read book Stability and the Lebanese State in the 20th Century written by Tarek Abou Jaoude and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining state-building failures in Lebanon during the 20th century, this book looks at the relationship between legitimacy and stability in the country since the creation of the state in 1920. The presence of legitimacy is considered necessary to any successful state-building endeavour. This book argues that the Lebanese state failed to achieve any meaningful form of legitimacy from its inception in 1920 to its near-collapse during the civil war. However, by analysing different eras of Lebanese history, throughout the different presidential terms, the author challenges the general understanding of stability and governance to show that the absence of legitimacy and society support actually contributed to the persistence of the Lebanese state. More than this, the evidence shows that Lebanese state was at its most stable when it was regarded as illegitimate. The wider, implicit question thus asked in the book revolves around a case where illegitimacy within the state is what ensures its stability and survival. Based on primary sources including national archives and collections, institutional documents, personal memoirs, newspapers and journals, this book provides a rich survey on the development and functioning of Lebanese political institutions.

Reviving Phoenicia

Author : Asher Kaufman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857736027
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviving Phoenicia by : Asher Kaufman

Download or read book Reviving Phoenicia written by Asher Kaufman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviving Phoenicia follows the social, intellectual and political development of the Phoenician myth of origin in Lebanon from the middle of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth. Asher Kaufman demonstrates the role played by the lay, liberal Syrian-Lebanese who resided in Beirut, Alexandria and America towards the end of the nineteenth century in the birth and dissemination of this myth. Kaufman investigates the crucial place Phoenicianism occupied in the formation of Greater Lebanon in 1920. He also explores the way the Jesuit Order and the French authorities propagated this myth during the mandate years. The book also analyzes literary writings of different Lebanese who advocated this myth, and of others who opposed it. Finally, Reviving Phoenicia provides an overview of Phoenicianism from independence in 1943 to the present, demonstrating that despite the general objection to this myth, some aspects of it entered mainstream Lebanese national narratives. Kaufman's work will be vital reading for anyone interested in the birth of modern Lebanon as we know it today.

How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs

Author : Elizabeth F. Thompson
Publisher : Atlantic Monthly Press
ISBN 13 : 0802148212
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs by : Elizabeth F. Thompson

Download or read book How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs written by Elizabeth F. Thompson and published by Atlantic Monthly Press. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This expertly researched account brings to life a meaningful but underexplored chapter in world history.” —Publishers Weekly When Europe’s Great War engulfed the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalists rose in revolt against the Turks. The British supported the Arabs’ fight for an independent state and sent an intelligence officer, T.E. Lawrence, to join Prince Faisal, leader of the Arab army and a descendant of the Prophet. In October 1918, Faisal, Lawrence, and the Arabs victoriously entered Damascus, where they declared a constitutional government in an independent Greater Syria. At the Paris Peace Conference, Faisal won the support of Woodrow Wilson, who sent an American commission to Syria to survey the political aspirations of its people. However, other Entente leaders at Paris—and later San Remo—schemed against the Arab democracy, which they saw as a threat to their colonial rule. On March 8, 1920, the Syrian-Arab Congress declared independence and crowned Faisal king of a “representative monarchy.” Rashid Rida, a leading Islamic thinker of the day, led the constituent assembly to establish equality for all citizens, including non-Muslims, under a full bill of rights. But France and Britain refused to recognize the Damascus government, instead imposing a system of mandates on the Arab provinces of the defeated Ottoman Empire, on the pretext that Arabs weren’t yet ready for self-government. Under such a mandate, the French invaded Syria in April, crushing the Arab government and sending Faisal and Congress leaders into exile. The fragile coalition of secular modernizers and Islamic reformers that might have established democracy in the Arab world was destroyed, with profound consequences that reverberate still. Using many previously untapped primary sources, including contemporary newspaper accounts and letters, minutes from the Syrian-Arab Congress, and diary and journal entries from participants, How The West Stole Democracy From The Arabs is a groundbreaking account of this extraordinary, brief moment of unity and hope—and of its destruction. “Important and fascinating.” —Amaney A. Jamal, Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Politics, Princeton University

The Politics of Mass Violence in the Middle East

Author : Laura Robson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192558595
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Mass Violence in the Middle East by : Laura Robson

Download or read book The Politics of Mass Violence in the Middle East written by Laura Robson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East today is characterized by an astonishingly bloody civil war in Syria, an ever more highly racialized and militarized approach to the concept of a Jewish state in Israel and the Palestinian territories, an Iraqi state paralyzed by the emergence of class- and region-inflected sectarian identifications, a Lebanon teetering on the edge of collapse from the pressures of its huge numbers of refugees and its sect-bound political system, and the rise of a wide variety of Islamist paramilitary organizations seeking to operate outside all these states. The region's emergence as a 'zone of violence', characterized by a viciously dystopian politics of identity, is a relatively recent phenomenon, developing only over the past century; but despite these shallow historical roots, the mass violence and dispossession now characterizing Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine, and Iraq have emerged as some of the twenty-first century's most intractable problems. In this study, Laura Robson uses a framework of mass violence - encompassing the concepts of genocide, ethnic cleansing, forced migration, appropriation of resources, mass deportation, and forcible denationalization - to explain the emergence of a dystopian politics of identity across the Eastern Mediterranean in the modern era and to illuminate the contemporary breakdown of the state from Syria to Iraq to Israel.

The Lebanese-Phoenician Nationalist Movement

Author : Basilius Bawardi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178673012X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lebanese-Phoenician Nationalist Movement by : Basilius Bawardi

Download or read book The Lebanese-Phoenician Nationalist Movement written by Basilius Bawardi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of belonging has formed the basis of the political, religious and cultural tensions in Lebanon, to the point that sectarian conflict on the country's future contributed significantly to the outbreak of civil war in 1975. This book focuses on the development of the Phoenician-Lebanese movement that struggled against the hegemonic status of Arabic language and culture. The Phoenician-Lebanese were a predominantly Maronite Christian group who attempted to remove themselves from the Muslim and Arab world throughout the twentieth century. Their demands for self-definition as a nation and their desire to establish their own culture were rooted in the concept of their ancient Phoenician past. Basilius Bawardi examines four prominent authors who formed the basis on which all engaged so-called Phoenician literature was built: Sharl Qurm, Sa'id 'Aql, Mayy Murr and Muris 'Awwad. The literary corpus of these writers was a critical component of the political activity that strove to distinguish the native Lebanese inhabitants from their Arab-Muslim neighbours.Studying these authors' works in both a literary and historical way, Bawardi shows how language was used to promote a specific political agenda and identifies the strong connections between language, literature and nation building. As well as revealing the nationalist struggle as it emerges in prose and poetry, the book discusses the history and formation of modern day Lebanon and why language and literature are so crucial for members of a national minority.

Conflict on Mount Lebanon

Author : Makram Rabah
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474474195
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Conflict on Mount Lebanon by : Makram Rabah

Download or read book Conflict on Mount Lebanon written by Makram Rabah and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Druze and the Maronites, arguably the two founding communities of modern Lebanon, have the reputation of being primordial enemies. Makram Rabah attempts to gauge the impact of collective memory on determining the course and the nature of the conflict between these communities in Mount Lebanon. He takes as his focus 'the War of the Mountain' in 1982, reconstructing the events of this war through the framework of collective remembrance and oral history.He challenges the idea that these group identities were constructed by their respective centres of power within the Maronite and Druze community, providing an alternative to the prevailing meta-narrative. Telling the stories of the many people who took part in these events, or who simply suffered as a consequence, helps to expose the intrinsic motives which led to this conflict and makes a valuable contribution to the field of Lebanese historical scholarship.

The Origins of Syrian Nationhood

Author : Adel Beshara
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1136724508
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins of Syrian Nationhood by : Adel Beshara

Download or read book The Origins of Syrian Nationhood written by Adel Beshara and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ‘Syria idea’ emerged in the nineteenth century as a concept of national awakening superseding both Arab nationalism and separatist currents. Looking at nationalist movements, ideas and individuals, this book traces the origin and development of the idea of Syrian nationhood from the perspective of some of its leading pioneers. Providing a highly original comparative insight into the struggle for independence and sovereignty in post-1850 Syria, it addresses some of the most persistent questions about the development of this nationalism. Chapters by eminent scholars from within and outside of the region offer a comprehensive study of individual Syrian writers and activists caught in a whirlwind of uncertainty, competing ideologies, foreign interference, and political suppression. A valuable addition to the present scholarship on nationalism in the Middle East, this book will be of interest to many professionals as well as to scholars of history, Middle East studies and political science.

Asfuriyyeh

Author : Joelle M Abi-Rached
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262361183
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Asfuriyyeh by : Joelle M Abi-Rached

Download or read book Asfuriyyeh written by Joelle M Abi-Rached and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of psychiatry in the Middle East, viewed through the history of one of the first modern mental hospitals in the region. &ʿA&ṣf&ūriyyeh (formally, the Lebanon Hospital for the Insane) was founded by a Swiss Quaker missionary in 1896, one of the first modern psychiatric hospitals in the Middle East. It closed its doors in 1982, a victim of Lebanon's brutal fifteen-year civil war. In this book, Joelle Abi-Rached uses the rise and fall of &ʿA&ṣf&ūriyyeh as a lens through which to examine the development of modern psychiatric theory and practice in the region as well as the sociopolitical history of modern Lebanon.

The Culture of Sectarianism

Author : Ussama Makdisi
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520922792
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis The Culture of Sectarianism by : Ussama Makdisi

Download or read book The Culture of Sectarianism written by Ussama Makdisi and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000-07-19 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on Ottoman Lebanon, Ussama Makdisi shows how sectarianism was a manifestation of modernity that transcended the physical boundaries of a particular country. His study challenges those who have viewed sectarian violence as an Islamic response to westernization or simply as a product of social and economic inequities among religious groups. The religious violence of the nineteenth century, which culminated in sectarian mobilizations and massacres in 1860, was a complex, multilayered, subaltern expression of modernization, he says, not a primordial reaction to it. Makdisi argues that sectarianism represented a deliberate mobilization of religious identities for political and social purposes. The Ottoman reform movement launched in 1839 and the growing European presence in the Middle East contributed to the disintegration of the traditional Lebanese social order based on a hierarchy that bridged religious differences. Makdisi highlights how European colonialism and Orientalism, with their emphasis on Christian salvation and Islamic despotism, and Ottoman and local nationalisms each created and used narratives of sectarianism as foils to their own visions of modernity and to their own projects of colonial, imperial, and national development. Makdisi's book is important to our understanding of Lebanese society today, but it also makes a significant contribution to the discussion of the importance of religious discourse in the formation and dissolution of social and national identities in the modern world.

Between the Ottomans and the Entente

Author : Stacy D. Fahrenthold
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190872144
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Between the Ottomans and the Entente by : Stacy D. Fahrenthold

Download or read book Between the Ottomans and the Entente written by Stacy D. Fahrenthold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2011 over 5.6 million Syrians have fled to Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and beyond, and another 6.6 million are internally displaced. The contemporary flight of Syrian refugees comes one century after the region's formative experience with massive upheaval, displacement, and geopolitical intervention: the First World War. In this book, Stacy Fahrenthold examines the politics of Syrian and Lebanese migration around the period of the First World War. Some half million Arab migrants, nearly all still subjects of the Ottoman Empire, lived in a diaspora concentrated in Brazil, Argentina, and the United States. They faced new demands for their political loyalty from Istanbul, which commanded them to resist European colonialism. From the Western hemisphere, Syrian migrants grappled with political suspicion, travel restriction, and outward displays of support for the war against the Ottomans. From these diasporic communities, Syrians used their ethnic associations, commercial networks, and global press to oppose Ottoman rule, collaborating with the Entente powers because they believed this war work would bolster the cause of Syria's liberation. Between the Ottomans and the Entente shows how these communities in North and South America became a geopolitical frontier between the Young Turk Revolution and the early French Mandate. It examines how empires at war-from the Ottomans to the French-embraced and claimed Syrian migrants as part of the state-building process in the Middle East. In doing so, they transformed this diaspora into an epicenter for Arab nationalist politics. Drawing on transnational sources from migrant activists, this wide-ranging work reveals the degree to which Ottoman migrants "became Syrians" while abroad and brought their politics home to the post-Ottoman Middle East.

The Origins of Syrian Nationhood

Author : Adel Beshara
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415615046
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins of Syrian Nationhood by : Adel Beshara

Download or read book The Origins of Syrian Nationhood written by Adel Beshara and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The âe~Syria ideaâe(tm) emerged in the nineteenth century as a concept of national awakening superseding both Arab nationalism and separatist currents. Looking at nationalist movements, ideas and individuals, this book traces the origin and development of the idea of Syrian nationhood from the perspective of some of its leading pioneers. Providing a highly original comparative insight into the struggle for independence and sovereignty in post-1850 Syria, it addresses some of the most persistent questions about the development of this nationalism. Chapters by eminent scholars from within and outside of the region offer a comprehensive study of individual Syrian writers and activists caught in a whirlwind of uncertainty, competing ideologies, foreign interference, and political suppression. A valuable addition to the present scholarship on nationalism in the Middle East, this book will be of interest to many professionals as well as to scholars of history, Middle East studies and political science.

Civilization and the Making of the State in Lebanon and Syria

Author : Andrew Delatolla
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030576906
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Civilization and the Making of the State in Lebanon and Syria by : Andrew Delatolla

Download or read book Civilization and the Making of the State in Lebanon and Syria written by Andrew Delatolla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the modern state, from the nineteenth century to the contemporary period, has consistently been used as a means to measure civilizational engagement and attainment. This volume historicizes this dynamic, examining how it impacted state-making in Lebanon and Syria. By putting social, political, and economic pressure on the Ottoman Empire to replicate the modern state in Europe, the book examines processes of racialization, nationalist development, continued imperial expansion, and resistance that became embedded in the state as it was assembled. By historicizing post-imperial and post-colonial state formation in Lebanon and Syria, it is possible to engage in a conceptual separation from the modern state, abandoning the ongoing reproduction of the state as a standard, or benchmark, of civilization and progress.

Shi'ite Lebanon

Author : Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023114427X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Shi'ite Lebanon by : Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr

Download or read book Shi'ite Lebanon written by Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation By providing a new framework for understanding Shi'ite national politics in Lebanon, Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr recasts the relationship between religion and nationalism in the Middle East.

The Subjects of Ottoman International Law

Author : Lâle Can
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253056624
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Subjects of Ottoman International Law by : Lâle Can

Download or read book The Subjects of Ottoman International Law written by Lâle Can and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core of this edited volume originates from a special issue of the Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association (JOTSA) that goes well beyond the special issue to incorporate the stimulating discussions and insights of two Middle East Studies Association conference roundtables and the important work of additional scholars in order to create a state-of-the-field volume on Ottoman sociolegal studies, particularly regarding Ottoman international law from the eighteenth century to the end of the empire. It makes several important contributions to Ottoman and Turkish studies, namely, by introducing these disciplines to the broader fields of trans-imperial studies, comparative international law, and legal history. Combining the best practices of diplomatic history and history from below to integrate the Ottoman Empire and its subjects into the broader debates of the nineteenth-century trans-imperial history this unique volume represents the exciting work and cutting-edge scholarship on these topics that will continue to shape the field in years to come.

Inventing Lebanon

Author : Kais M. Firro
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857713620
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventing Lebanon by : Kais M. Firro

Download or read book Inventing Lebanon written by Kais M. Firro and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2002-10-24 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the history behind an idea: a new polity of "Greater Lebanon". It shows how, under the powerful influence of the French Mandate, various groups of the local elite attempted to create what amounted to a new Lebanese nationalism, carving the state into Maronite Christian, Sunni and Shiite power bases. The results only accentuated the divisions already inherent in this multi-ethnic and multi-faith society, and were to pave the way for the instability and wars that have plagued the country ever since.

Age of Coexistence

Author : Ussama Makdisi
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520258886
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Age of Coexistence by : Ussama Makdisi

Download or read book Age of Coexistence written by Ussama Makdisi and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s headlines paint the Middle East as a collection of war-torn countries and extremist groups consumed by sectarian rage. Ussama Makdisi’s Age of Coexistence reveals a hidden and hopeful story that counters this clichéd portrayal. It shows how a region rich with ethnic and religious diversity created a modern culture of coexistence amid Ottoman reformation, European colonialism, and the emergence of nationalism. Moving from the nineteenth century to the present, this groundbreaking book explores, without denial or equivocation, the politics of pluralism during the Ottoman Empire and in the post-Ottoman Arab world. Rather than judging the Arab world as a place of age-old sectarian animosities, Age of Coexistence describes the forging of a complex system of coexistence, what Makdisi calls the “ecumenical frame.” He argues that new forms of antisectarian politics, and some of the most important examples of Muslim-Christian political collaboration, crystallized to make and define the modern Arab world. Despite massive challenges and setbacks, and despite the persistence of colonialism and authoritarianism, this framework for coexistence has endured for nearly a century. It is a reminder that religious diversity does not automatically lead to sectarianism. Instead, as Makdisi demonstrates, people of different faiths, but not necessarily of different political outlooks, have consistently tried to build modern societies that transcend religious and sectarian differences.