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The Origins Of The Computer Industry 1890 1901
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Book Synopsis Makers of the Microchip by : Christophe Lecuyer
Download or read book Makers of the Microchip written by Christophe Lecuyer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-10-25 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first years of the company that developed the microchip and created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up. In the first three and a half years of its existence, Fairchild Semiconductor developed, produced, and marketed the device that would become the fundamental building block of the digital world: the microchip. Founded in 1957 by eight former employees of the Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Fairchild created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up: intense activity with a common goal, close collaboration, and a quick path to the market (Fairchild's first device hit the market just ten months after the company's founding). Fairchild Semiconductor was one of the first companies financed by venture capital, and its success inspired the establishment of venture capital firms in the San Francisco Bay area. These firms would finance the explosive growth of Silicon Valley over the next several decades. This history of the early years of Fairchild Semiconductor examines the technological, business, and social dynamics behind its innovative products. The centerpiece of the book is a collection of documents, reproduced in facsimile, including the company's first prospectus; ideas, sketches, and plans for the company's products; and a notebook kept by cofounder Jay Last that records problems, schedules, and tasks discussed at weekly meetings. A historical overview, interpretive essays, and an introduction to semiconductor technology in the period accompany these primary documents.
Book Synopsis The History, Present State, and Future of Information Technology by : Andrew Targowski
Download or read book The History, Present State, and Future of Information Technology written by Andrew Targowski and published by Informing Science. This book was released on 2016 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Part I, Prof. Targowski takes us through the evolution of modern computing and information systems. While much of this material is familiar to those of us who have lived through these developments, it would definitely not be familiar to our children or our students. He also introduces a perspective that I found both refreshing and useful: looking at the evolution on a country by country basis. For those of us who live in the U.S., it is all too easy to imagine that evolution to be a purely local phenomenon. I found my appreciation of the truly global nature of computing expanding as he walked me through each country’s contributions. In Parts II and III, constituting nearly half of the book, Targowski provides what I would describe as an in-depth case study of the challenges and successes of informatics in Poland. As he tells each story—many of which involved him personally—the reader cannot help but better understand the close relationship between the freedoms that we in the west take for granted and the ability to produce innovations in IT. Even after Poland left the orbit of the former Soviet Union, the remaining vestiges of the old way of thinking remained a major impediment to progress. Being right and being rigorous were far less important than being in tune with the “approved” ways of thinking. There are important lessons to be learned here, particularly as we try to project how IT will evolve in rapidly developing economies such as China. But, from my experience, they apply equally well to western academia, where moving outside of preferred values and patterns of research can lead a scholar to be ignored or even disparaged. In Part IV, Targowski presents a bold, forward-looking synthesis of informatics and informing science in the future. Building upon articles recently published in Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, he presents a conceptual scheme of historical informing waves that builds upon historians such as Toynbee. He then considers how these trends will necessarily force us to rethink how we develop and apply IT. He does not steer away from the controversial. But he also provides cogent arguments for all his predictions and recommendations.
Download or read book America, History and Life written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Article abstracts and citations of reviews and dissertations covering the United States and Canada.
Book Synopsis Before the Computer by : James W. Cortada
Download or read book Before the Computer written by James W. Cortada and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the Computer fully explores the data processing industry in the United States from its nineteenth-century inception down to the period when the computer became its primary tool. As James Cortada describes what was once called the "office appliance industry," he challenges our view of the digital computer as a revolutionary technology. Cortada interprets reliance on computers as a development within an important segment of the American economy that was earlier represented largely by such instruments as typewriters, tabulating machines, adding machines, and calculators. He also describes how many of the practices of the office appliance industry evolved into those of the computer world. Drawing on previously unavailable industry archives, the author adds to our understanding of IBM's early history and offers short corporate histories of firms that include NCR, Burroughs, and Remington Rand. Focusing on the United States but also including comparative material on Europe and Asia, Before the Computer will be a unique source of knowledge about the companies that built office equipment and their enormous impact on economic life. Originally published in 1993. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis A Companion to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era by : Christopher McKnight Nichols
Download or read book A Companion to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era written by Christopher McKnight Nichols and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era presents a collection of new historiographic essays covering the years between 1877 and 1920, a period which saw the U.S. emerge from the ashes of Reconstruction to become a world power. The single, definitive resource for the latest state of knowledge relating to the history and historiography of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Features contributions by leading scholars in a wide range of relevant specialties Coverage of the period includes geographic, social, cultural, economic, political, diplomatic, ethnic, racial, gendered, religious, global, and ecological themes and approaches In today’s era, often referred to as a “second Gilded Age,” this book offers relevant historical analysis of the factors that helped create contemporary society Fills an important chronological gap in period-based American history collections
Book Synopsis Media,Technology and Society by : Brian Winston
Download or read book Media,Technology and Society written by Brian Winston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the popular myth of a present-day 'information revolution', Media Technology and Society is essential reading for anyone interested in the social impact of technological change. Winston argues that the development of new media forms, from the telegraph and the telephone to computers, satellite and virtual reality, is the product of a constant play-off between social necessity and suppression: the unwritten law by which new technologies are introduced into society only insofar as their disruptive potential is limited.
Book Synopsis A Brief History of Computing by : Gerard O'Regan
Download or read book A Brief History of Computing written by Gerard O'Regan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively and fascinating text traces the key developments in computation – from 3000 B.C. to the present day – in an easy-to-follow and concise manner. Topics and features: ideal for self-study, offering many pedagogical features such as chapter-opening key topics, chapter introductions and summaries, exercises, and a glossary; presents detailed information on major figures in computing, such as Boole, Babbage, Shannon, Turing, Zuse and Von Neumann; reviews the history of software engineering and of programming languages, including syntax and semantics; discusses the progress of artificial intelligence, with extension to such key disciplines as philosophy, psychology, linguistics, neural networks and cybernetics; examines the impact on society of the introduction of the personal computer, the World Wide Web, and the development of mobile phone technology; follows the evolution of a number of major technology companies, including IBM, Microsoft and Apple.
Book Synopsis Emma Goldman, Vol. 1 by : Emma Goldman
Download or read book Emma Goldman, Vol. 1 written by Emma Goldman and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2008-07-16 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstructs the life of Emma Goldman through significant texts and documents.
Book Synopsis When Computers Were Human by : David Alan Grier
Download or read book When Computers Were Human written by David Alan Grier and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term "computer" referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, "I wish I'd used my calculus," hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History by : Joel Mokyr
Download or read book The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History written by Joel Mokyr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-10-16 with total page 2812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What were the economic roots of modern industrialism? Were labor unions ever effective in raising workers' living standards? Did high levels of taxation in the past normally lead to economic decline? These and similar questions profoundly inform a wide range of intertwined social issues whose complexity, scope, and depth become fully evident in the Encyclopedia. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field, the Encyclopedia is divided not only by chronological and geographic boundaries, but also by related subfields such as agricultural history, demographic history, business history, and the histories of technology, migration, and transportation. The articles, all written and signed by international contributors, include scholars from Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Covering economic history in all areas of the world and segments of ecnomies from prehistoric times to the present, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History is the ideal resource for students, economists, and general readers, offering a unique glimpse into this integral part of world history.
Book Synopsis Distributed Intelligent Circuits And Systems by : Balwinder Baj
Download or read book Distributed Intelligent Circuits And Systems written by Balwinder Baj and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2024-03-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this book is to provide insights into recent advances in distributed intelligent circuits, systems and their applications. Distributed intelligence is the key enabler for innovations in machine-to-machine communications. The innovations are directed towards keeping existing algorithms as the base and developing new intelligent systems by employing smart technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) and, more specifically, deep learning (DL) are receiving significant attention in assisting doctors in the detection of disease patterns without much human intervention. In agriculture, robots automate slow, repetitive and dull tasks, allowing farmers to focus more on improving overall production yields.The evolving trends point to the interface of artificial intelligence with machines being a factor in enhancing the decision-making capabilities of smart machines. This book provides relevant theoretical frameworks that include basic models, algorithms, circuit designs and the latest developments in experimental aspects in the field of distributed intelligence systems for industrial applications. The challenges encountered in the development of models for distributed intelligence systems for environmental monitoring are mitigated with artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning. This book identifies challenges and helps in applying solutions in the development of advanced intelligent systems for environmental monitoring.
Book Synopsis Library of Congress Subject Headings by : Library of Congress
Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Electronics written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Patternmaking History and Theory by : Jennifer Grayer Moore
Download or read book Patternmaking History and Theory written by Jennifer Grayer Moore and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fashion design is increasingly gaining attention as an important form of cultural expression. However, scholarship has largely focused on specific designers and their finished products. This collection reveals the crucial foundational art and craft of patternmaking design, with essays that explore the practice in specific historical and cultural contexts. Probing the theoretical underpinnings that inform patternmaking, Patternmaking History and Theory interrogates topics that span cultures and time periods, ranging from high fashion to home sewing. Taking the reader from women's making and mending for victory during World War Two, to Jamaican dress history and today's complex 3D pattern cutting software, the book examines the creative aspect of a culturally rich skill. Beautifully illustrated and rooted in original research, Patternmaking History and Theory brings together a group of leading international scholars to provide a range of perspectives on a key but often overlooked aspect of design.
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Modern Economic History by : Robert Whaples
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Modern Economic History written by Robert Whaples and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of The Handbook of Modern Economic History will be to introduce readers to the key approaches and findings of economic historians who study the modern world. Modern economic history blends two approaches ' Cliometrics (which focuses on measuring economic variables and explicitly testing theories about the historical performance and development of the economy, as exemplified by the approach of Robert Fogel) and the New Institutional Economics (which focuses on how social, cultural, legal and organizational norms and rules shape ...
Book Synopsis Leonardo to the Internet by : Thomas J. Misa
Download or read book Leonardo to the Internet written by Thomas J. Misa and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historian Thomas J. Misa's sweeping history of the relationship between technology and society over the past 500 years reveals how technological innovations have shaped -- and have been shaped by -- the cultures in which they arose. Spanning the preindustrial past, the age of scientific, political, and industrial revolutions, as well as the more recent eras of imperialism, modernism, and global security, this compelling work evaluates what Misa calls "the question of technology." Misa brings his acclaimed text up to date by examining how today's unsustainable energy systems, insecure information networks, and vulnerable global shipping have helped foster geopolitical risks and instability. A masterful analysis of how technology and culture have influenced each other over five centuries, Leonardo to the Internet frames a history that illuminates modern-day problems and prospects faced by our technology-dependent world. Praise for the first edition "Closely reasoned, reflective, and written with insight, grace, and wit, Misa's book takes us on a personal tour of technology and history, seeking to define and analyze paradigmatic techno-cultural eras." -- Technology and Culture "Follows [Thomas] Hughes's model of combining an engaging historical narrative with deeper lessons about technology." -- American Scholar "His case studies, such as that of Italian futurism or the localizations of the global McDonalds, provide good starting points for thought and discussion." -- Journal of Interdisciplinary History "This review cannot do justice to the precision and grace with which Misa analyzes technologies in their social contexts. He convincingly demonstrates the usefulness of his conceptual model." -- History and Technology "A fascinating, informative, and well-illustrated book." -- Choice
Download or read book Computer written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer: A History of the Information Machine traces the history of the computer and shows how business and government were the first to explore its unlimited, information-processing potential. Old-fashioned entrepreneurship combined with scientific know-how inspired now famous computer engineers to create the technology that became IBM. Wartime needs drove the giant ENIAC, the first fully electronic computer. Later, the PC enabled modes of computing that liberated people from room-sized, mainframe computers. This third edition provides updated analysis on software and computer networking, including new material on the programming profession, social networking, and mobile computing. It expands its focus on the IT industry with fresh discussion on the rise of Google and Facebook as well as how powerful applications are changing the way we work, consume, learn, and socialize. Computer is an insightful look at the pace of technological advancement and the seamless way computers are integrated into the modern world. Through comprehensive history and accessible writing, Computer is perfect for courses on computer history, technology history, and information and society, as well as a range of courses in the fields of computer science, communications, sociology, and management.
