The Oral Law Debunked

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The Oral Law Debunked

Author : Golan Brosh
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781793227560
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oral Law Debunked by : Golan Brosh

Download or read book The Oral Law Debunked written by Golan Brosh and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intention of the authors is to present a vigorous critique of traditional-rabbinic Judaism. It should be clearly stated at the outset, however, that this critique is offered in the context of an intramural discussion between Jews who believe in Yeshua (Jesus) and those who do not yet follow Him. It should not be understood as an attack on the Jewish people, but rather as a dispute between different sects within Judaism, over the true interpretation of the Tanakh and the authority thereof. This paper's main objective will be to examine the validity of the following premise: for two millennia Judaism has been held hostage under the government and philosophy of one distinct sect, namely the Pharisees and their heirs--the rabbis. Since the destruction of the Second Temple, biblical Judaism had ceased to exist and the rabbinic traditions took over, with a completely reformed version of Judaism which centered on three main pillars: the rabbis themselves, the yeshiva (ישיבה) and the Halacha (הלכה). This work will also try to examine how this sect managed to enforce their traditions upon Israel and at what cost.In order to establish their authority over the Jewish people, the rabbis came up with the revolutionary idea according to which their philosophy, traditions and teachings (i.e., the Oral Law) were passed on through the generations, beginning with Moses and ultimately with God Himself. Henceforth, the focus of the rabbinic religion has been to study and meditate on the Oral Law (Oral Law). In fact, the Oral Law serves as the foundation upon which all the traditions of rabbinic Judaism stand. Without the rabbis' traditions, rabbinic Judaism losses all its validity and existence. In other words, if the divine origin of the Oral Law is nothing but a myth, then rabbinic Judaism has no leg to stand on. Other main objectives of this paper would be to historically examine how the sect of the Pharisees was able to attain such a stronghold over Judaism, to investigate whether the Oral Law's traditions are in fact rooted in the Bible and genuinely reflect God's will for men, and to examine the implications of the Oral Law on Judaism today, especially in regard to Israel's relationship to the New Testament and Yeshua. The first chapter of this paper will deal with the advent of the Pharisees and the circumstances which brought them into the position of authority.

Rabbinic Judaism Debunked

Author : Golan Brosh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781795804547
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Rabbinic Judaism Debunked by : Golan Brosh

Download or read book Rabbinic Judaism Debunked written by Golan Brosh and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Judaism stands or falls on one single concept - the Oral Law.Judaism teaches that on Mount Sinai, God gave Israel not one, but two different Laws - the written Law (Pentateuch) as well as "the Oral Law" (Oral laws and traditions that only the rabbis can interpret).In this new and very short book (100 pages only) Eitan Bar & Golan Brosh proves that an Oral Law was never given by God - both from a textual perspective as well as from a historical one, while exposing the real pagan roots of rabbinic Judaism.The intention of the authors is to present a vigorous critique of traditional-rabbinic Judaism. It should be clearly stated at the outset, however, that this critique is offered in the context of an intramural discussion between Jews who believe in Yeshua (Jesus) and those who do not yet follow Him. It should not be understood as an attack on the Jewish people, but rather as a dispute between different sects within Judaism, over the true interpretation of the Tanakh and the authority thereof. This paper's main objective will be to examine the validity of the following premise: for two millennia Judaism has been held hostage under the government and philosophy of one distinct sect, namely the Pharisees and their heirs--the rabbis. Since the destruction of the Second Temple, biblical Judaism had ceased to exist and the rabbinic traditions took over, with a completely reformed version of Judaism which centered on three main pillars: the rabbis themselves, the yeshiva (ישיבה) and the Halacha (הלכה). This work will also try to examine how this sect managed to enforce their traditions upon Israel and at what cost.In order to establish their authority over the Jewish people, the rabbis came up with the revolutionary idea according to which their philosophy, traditions and teachings (i.e., the Oral Law) were passed on through the generations, beginning with Moses and ultimately with God Himself. Henceforth, the focus of the rabbinic religion has been to study and meditate on the Oral Law (Oral Law). In fact, the Oral Law serves as the foundation upon which all the traditions of rabbinic Judaism stand. Without the rabbis' traditions, rabbinic Judaism losses all its validity and existence. In other words, if the divine origin of the Oral Law is nothing but a myth, then rabbinic Judaism has no leg to stand on. Other main objectives of this paper would be to historically examine how the sect of the Pharisees was able to attain such a stronghold over Judaism, to investigate whether the Oral Law's traditions are in fact rooted in the Bible and genuinely reflect God's will for men, and to examine the implications of the Oral Law on Judaism today, especially in regard to Israel's relationship to the New Testament and Yeshua. The first chapter of this paper will deal with the advent of the Pharisees and the circumstances which brought them into the position of authority.

Oral Torah from Sinai

Author : Michael Shelomo Bar-Ron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780979261893
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis Oral Torah from Sinai by : Michael Shelomo Bar-Ron

Download or read book Oral Torah from Sinai written by Michael Shelomo Bar-Ron and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is for those sincere questioners whose main obstacle is their struggle with the issue of the authenticity of the Oral Tradition and God-given authority of its torch bearers, the Talmudic Sages. It will show how, between the Orthodox Jewry and their critics, it is simple and uncomplicated for an objective person to identify whose historical and religious perspective is rooted in fact, and whose is not. As "believers, descendants of believers" the Jews trusted their tradition and held fast to it. However, as history progressed and knowledge advanced to the Enlightenment era, secular society and its ways of thinking became very attractive even to the poor and middle-classes of Jewry. Without a clue as to how advanced the Torah's wisdom is - containing secrets that the scientific world is only beginning to discover- they dropped out of Torah observance in droves. It was no help that, in response to the challenge of the Enlightenment in Europe, the ultra-Orthodox world turned inwards, adopting an anti-scientific stance. Thank God, that has changed. Scholars became highly proficient in Torah as well as science and mathematics- and dedicated outreach programs -prevented the assimilation of those within the fold, and also began to attract quality truth-seekers from the outside. They follow in the tradition of RaMBaM (Moses Maimonides, 1135-1204), who wrote the "Guide For the Perplexed" for those who struggled to maintain their faith in light of general scientific knowledge in their own day. Bar-Ron presents more sophisticated and resilient points of evidence, including arguments that have never been published before regarding the Oral Tradition that has been passed down from the time of Sinai.

Zohar, the Book of Enlightenment

Author : Daniel Chanan Matt
Publisher : Paulist Press
ISBN 13 : 9780809123872
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Zohar, the Book of Enlightenment by : Daniel Chanan Matt

Download or read book Zohar, the Book of Enlightenment written by Daniel Chanan Matt and published by Paulist Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first translation with commentary of selections from The Zohar, the major text of the Kabbalah, the Jewish mystical tradition. This work was written in 13th-century Spain by Moses de Leon, a Spanish scholar.

Becoming the People of the Talmud

Author : Talya Fishman
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812204980
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Becoming the People of the Talmud by : Talya Fishman

Download or read book Becoming the People of the Talmud written by Talya Fishman and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Becoming the People of the Talmud, Talya Fishman examines ways in which circumstances of transmission have shaped the cultural meaning of Jewish traditions. Although the Talmud's preeminence in Jewish study and its determining role in Jewish practice are generally taken for granted, Fishman contends that these roles were not solidified until the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. The inscription of Talmud—which Sefardi Jews understand to have occurred quite early, and Ashkenazi Jews only later—precipitated these developments. The encounter with Oral Torah as a written corpus was transformative for both subcultures, and it shaped the roles that Talmud came to play in Jewish life. What were the historical circumstances that led to the inscription of Oral Torah in medieval Europe? How did this body of ancient rabbinic traditions, replete with legal controversies and nonlegal material, come to be construed as a reference work and prescriptive guide to Jewish life? Connecting insights from geonica, medieval Jewish and Christian history, and orality-textuality studies, Becoming the People of the Talmud reconstructs the process of cultural transformation that occurred once medieval Jews encountered the Babylonian Talmud as a written text. According to Fishman, the ascription of greater authority to written text was accompanied by changes in reading habits, compositional predilections, classroom practices, approaches to adjudication, assessments of the past, and social hierarchies. She contends that certain medieval Jews were aware of these changes: some noted that books had replaced teachers; others protested the elevation of Talmud-centered erudition and casuistic virtuosity into standards of religious excellence, at the expense of spiritual refinement. The book concludes with a consideration of Rhineland Pietism's emergence in this context and suggests that two contemporaneous phenomena—the prominence of custom in medieval Ashkenazi culture and the novel Christian attack on Talmud—were indirectly linked to the new eminence of this written text in Jewish life.

The Tradition of the Elders

Author : T. Hoogsteen
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1630874736
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tradition of the Elders by : T. Hoogsteen

Download or read book The Tradition of the Elders written by T. Hoogsteen and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tradition of the Elders, based on Matt 15:1-20 and Mark 7:1-23, explores how the oral law upheld and promoted the anti-Christian forces of Pharisaism and Sadduceism. As such, they appear repeatedly in the New Testament documents, often as "the law" and "the works of the law." For example, consider: - "When Gentiles who have not the law do by nature what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law" (Rom 2:14). - "We ourselves, who are Jews by birth and not Gentile sinners, yet who know that a man is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Christ Jesus, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ, and not by works of the law, because by works of the law shall no one be justified" (Gal 2:15-16). - "Tell me, you who desire to be under law, do you not hear the law?" (Gal 4:21). But which law do these legal references concern--the Torah, the oral law, or the Decalogue? This important distinction between the oral law and the Ten Commandments is what The Tradition of the Elders sets out to make clear. All New Testament exegetes, including teachers and students, can benefit from an increased understanding of the enmity of the oral law against the Gospel.

Refuting Rabbinic Objections to Christianity & Messianic Prophecies

Author : Eitan Bar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781792912900
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Refuting Rabbinic Objections to Christianity & Messianic Prophecies by : Eitan Bar

Download or read book Refuting Rabbinic Objections to Christianity & Messianic Prophecies written by Eitan Bar and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For us, Jews who grew up in Israel, Jesus and His word were never part of the conversation. Not in our school system, not in our synagogues, and not in our media. Nor do we have easy access to the New Testament. Jesus has been studiously avoided, and hidden from our people. Today in Israel, 99.7% of the Jewish population, reject Jesus as the Messiah. How did our country, where the gospel first took place, come to be so adamantly against it?Within Judaism over the last two millennia, any kind of spiritual message had to go through the "gate keepers," the Orthodox Jewish Rabbis. The Rabbinic Judaism of the Orthodox comes directly from the sect of the "Pharisees," whom Jesus rebuked: "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you shut off the kingdom of heaven from people; for you do not enter in yourselves, nor do you allow those who are entering to go in." (Matthew 23:13)Ever since the days of Messiah, the Rabbis have set themselves in opposition to the gospel, blocking the message of Jesus from Israel. They deliberately prevent Jewish people from hearing about the free salvation offered to them in the death and resurrection of their own Jewish Messiah. They have gone to great lengths to conceal Jesus, and keep him the best kept secret in Judaism., keeping our people in spiritual darkness.But now the secret is out!After almost 2000 years, Jesus, or as we call him in Hebrew, Yeshua, can no longer be hidden from the people! Today, our ministry, ONE FOR ISRAEL, reaches Jewish and Arab Israelis exactly where they are - online. We no longer need the rabbis' permission for anything. We can go straight into the smartphones, tablets, and computers of every Israeli, sharing the saving good news of Yeshua the Messiah!In the past, the message of the gospel came to Israel from outside our borders, delivered by people who didn't understand our language, our culture, our heritage or our way of thinking. Today the messengers look very different. Now it is Jewish and Arab Israelis who are bringing the gospel back to where it started - back to our own people Israel. We can explain the gospel to our people in a way that makes sense to them, in our own native tongues of Hebrew and Arabic as only Israelis can, and help our people understand who Yeshua really is.The Orthodox rabbis in Israel operate an "anti missionary" organization called Yad L'Achim, specifically to fight against the spread of the gospel among the Jewish people. This very well-funded organization, works very closely with the Minister of Interior in the Israeli government. They seek to prevent Jewish people from leaving the confines of Rabbinic Judaism by any means necessary (not always legally), and relentlessly persecute us, the Jewish believers in Jesus in Israel. With over 90% of the names, photos and addresses of all the Messianic Jews in Israel on file, Yad L'Achim began sending a magazine called "Searching" to the homes of believers in Israel back in 2014. The magazine contains objections and refutations from Orthodox rabbis about the messiahship of Jesus, the credibility of the New Testament, and trying to ridicule and destroy the belief in Jesus. This caused several Jewish believers, even including some who had been missionaries, to deny their faith in Jesus and revert to rabbinic Judaism. Over the past five years, I decided to go over all of their magazines, books and videos, in order to answer their arguments and prove their objections false. Since 2015 we have released about 150 short videos where we share the gospel and directly refute these rabbinic objections to Jesus, New Testament and Christianity. This book is a compilation of transcripts from these videos, all in one place for your consideration. While the content of this book is based on five years of academic research, I did my best to write it in a simple, easy-to-read way, in order to keep this book as short as possible.Please SHARE links to this book!: )

Jews and Christians

Author : Jacob Neusner
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1592441564
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (924 download)

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Book Synopsis Jews and Christians by : Jacob Neusner

Download or read book Jews and Christians written by Jacob Neusner and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2003-02-19 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus : Volume 4

Author : Michael L. Brown
Publisher : Baker Books
ISBN 13 : 9781585582334
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus : Volume 4 by : Michael L. Brown

Download or read book Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus : Volume 4 written by Michael L. Brown and published by Baker Books. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Jewish person has different objections to Jesus than an atheist, yet most apologetics books are geared toward conversing with non-religious people about the gospel. Michael L. Brown, a Jewish believer in Jesus, has been writing popular books on talking with Jews about the Messiah for years. Now he takes those discussions even further with this newest volume of Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus. It focuses on the New Testament and traditional Jewish objections to Jesus, giving believers the important background information they need when discussing matters of faith with people who share many of their beliefs. This book is the perfect starting point for gentile and Jewish Christians who wish to speak intelligently with their Jewish friends or family.

Reading Moses, Seeing Jesus

Author : Seth Postell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781683593539
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Reading Moses, Seeing Jesus by : Seth Postell

Download or read book Reading Moses, Seeing Jesus written by Seth Postell and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the questions about the believer's relationship to the Torah (the five Books of Moses, or the Pentateuch) and its commandments (the Law): Since Jesus kept the Law, are believers (Jewish and Gentile) also obliged to keep the Law, or at least some portions of it (Sabbath, the food laws, etc.)? What about the Oral Law (rabbinic traditions)? How does the Torah point to the Messiah? How do we apply the Law of Moses today? Though this book is based on more than a decade of academic research, it is written with the non-academic reader in mind and provides easy-to-understand answers to the questions related to the Torah and does so in a manner thoroughly rooted in a careful reading of the biblical text.

The Non-Torah

Author : The Iamcs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781092390378
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Non-Torah by : The Iamcs

Download or read book The Non-Torah written by The Iamcs and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there such a thing as an "oral Torah" that was given by God to the Jews? Rabbinic Orthodox Judaism is founded on the mythological premise that Moses received not just a written Torah, but also an oral Torah from God at Sinai, which was supposedly passed on to future rabbinic leaders right up to today. The mythology of the oral Torah gained traction in the aftermath of the fall of the Second Temple in the year 70 C.E., and as the Talmud was written during the centuries following. In the same generation that witnessed the fall of the Temple Jewish people by the thousands, throughout Israel and the Diaspora, were proclaiming that Yeshua is the Son of David, King of Israel, and the Messiah promised by the Jewish prophets of the Tanakh (Old Testament). In this book you will see that the "Torah" of rabbinic Judaism is actually a non-Torah, created for the purpose of leveraging the power of those who created the myth. Meanwhile, the true salvation of Israel and of all the world is found written in the pages of the Bible - both Tanakh and New Testament. In this age of the modern messianic Jewish revival, the mythology of oral Torah is being exposed, and the true Messiah is being revealed to Jewish people everywhere.

God in Search of Man

Author : Abraham Joshua Heschel
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 1429967625
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis God in Search of Man by : Abraham Joshua Heschel

Download or read book God in Search of Man written by Abraham Joshua Heschel and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 1976-06-01 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abraham Joshua Heschel was one of the most revered religious leaders of the 20th century, and God in Search of Man and its companion volume, Man Is Not Alone, two of his most important books, are classics of modern Jewish theology. God in Search of Man combines scholarship with lucidity, reverence, and compassion as Dr. Heschel discusses not man's search for God but God's for man--the notion of a Chosen People, an idea which, he writes, "signifies not a quality inherent in the people but a relationship between the people and God." It is an extraordinary description of the nature of Biblical thought, and how that thought becomes faith.

The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law

Author : Mauro Bussani
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521895707
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law by : Mauro Bussani

Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law written by Mauro Bussani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book delves into the 'deeper structures' of the world's legal systems, where law meets culture, politics and socio-economic factors.

Jewish Literacy Revised Ed

Author : Joseph Telushkin
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062046047
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Jewish Literacy Revised Ed by : Joseph Telushkin

Download or read book Jewish Literacy Revised Ed written by Joseph Telushkin and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it mean to be a Jew? How does one begin to answer so extensive a question? In this insightful and completely updated tome, esteemed rabbi and bestselling author Joseph Telushkin helps answer the question of what it means to be a Jew, in the largest sense. Widely recognized as one of the most respected and indispensable reference books on Jewish life, culture, tradition, and religion, Jewish Literacy covers every essential aspect of the Jewish people and Judaism. In 352 short and engaging chapters, Rabbi Telushkin discusses everything from the Jewish Bible and Talmud to Jewish notions of ethics to antisemitism and the Holocaust; from the history of Jews around the world to Zionism and the politics of a Jewish state; from the significance of religious traditions and holidays to how they are practiced in daily life. Whether you want to know more about Judaism in general or have specific questions you'd like answered, Jewish Literacy is sure to contain the information you need. Rabbi Telushkin's expert knowledge of Judaism makes the updated and revised edition of Jewish Literacy an invaluable reference. A comprehensive yet thoroughly accessible resource for anyone interested in learning the fundamentals of Judaism, Jewish Literacy is a must for every Jewish home.

The Religion of the Old Testament

Author : Karl Marti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Religion of the Old Testament by : Karl Marti

Download or read book The Religion of the Old Testament written by Karl Marti and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Everything Torah Book

Author : Yaakov Menken
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1440538018
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis The Everything Torah Book by : Yaakov Menken

Download or read book The Everything Torah Book written by Yaakov Menken and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Penteteuch and Nevi'im to the Ketuvim and the oral Torah, this straightforward reference walks you through God's instructions to His people and explains how these teachings are incorporated into Jewish life. The Everything Torah Book presents the tenets of the Jewish faith in an easy-to-understand reference. Fascinating insights into the history, stories, parables, and personalities that are featured in this sacred scripture will bring teachings to life. Regardless of your faith, The Everything Torah Book offers a wonderful insight into Jewish culture. Learn about: Jewish history and heritage What constitutes the Torah The importance of the Torah in the Jewish community How to expand your learning Incorporating teachings into your life Written by a rabbi, The Everything Torah Book presents the tenets of Jewish faith, tradition, and culture in one all-inclusive resource.

Essential Torah

Author : George Robinson
Publisher : Schocken
ISBN 13 : 0805241868
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Essential Torah by : George Robinson

Download or read book Essential Torah written by George Robinson and published by Schocken. This book was released on 2006-10-31 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are studying the Bible for the first time or you're simply curious about its history and contents, you will find everything you need in this "accessible, well-written handbook to Jewish belief as set forth in the Torah" (The Jerusalem Post). George Robinson, author of the acclaimed Essential Judaism, begins by recounting the various theories of the origins of the Torah and goes on to explain its importance as the core element in Jewish belief and practice. He discusses the basics of Jewish theology and Jewish history as they are derived from the Torah, and he outlines how the Dead Sea Scrolls and other archaeological discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the Bible. He introduces us to the vast literature of biblical commentary, chronicles the evolution of the Torah’s place in the synagogue service, offers an illuminating discussion of women and the Bible, and provides a study guide as a companion for individual or group Bible study. In the book’s centerpiece, Robinson summarizes all fifty-four portions that make up the Torah and gives us a brilliant distillation of two thousand years of biblical commentaries—from the rabbis of the Mishnah and the Talmud to medieval commentators such as Rashi, Maimonides, and ibn Ezra to contemporary scholars such as Nahum Sarna, Nechama Leibowitz, Robert Alter, and Everett Fox. This extraordinary volume—which includes a listing of the Torah reading cycles, a Bible time line, glossaries of terms and biblical commentators, and a bibliography—will stand as the essential sourcebook on the Torah for years to come.