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The Optimal Turnover Threshold And Tax Rate For Smes
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Book Synopsis The Optimal Turnover Threshold and Tax Rate for SMEs by : Feng Wei
Download or read book The Optimal Turnover Threshold and Tax Rate for SMEs written by Feng Wei and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presumptive income taxes in the form of a tax on turnover for SMEs are pervasive as a way to reduce the costs of compliance and administration. We analyze a model where entrepreneurs allocate labor to the formal and informal sectors. Formal sector income is subjected either to a corporate income tax or a tax on turnover, depending on whether their turnover exceeds a threshold. We characterize the private sector equilibrium for any given configuration of tax policy parameters (corporate income tax rate, turnover tax rate, and threshold). Given private behavior, social welfare is optimized. We interpret the first-order conditions for welfare maximization to identify the key margins and then simulate a calibrated version of the model.
Book Synopsis How to Design a Presumptive Income Tax for Micro and Small Enterprises by : Jean-François Wen
Download or read book How to Design a Presumptive Income Tax for Micro and Small Enterprises written by Jean-François Wen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turnover taxes are prevalent in developing countries as a simple form of presumptive taxation of business income. Such simplified tax regimes can reduce the relatively high compliance costs of micro and small enterprises, which might otherwise discourage entrepreneurs from formalizing their activities and paying taxes. The note addresses design issues for a turnover tax regime—which taxes it replaces, what the criteria are for eligibility, how to determine the optimal threshold, and how to set the tax rate. A key observation is that, although low turnover tax rates may incite larger firms to artificially reduce their sales, the rate should also not be so high as to discourage formalization of activities. A table of tax rates and turnover thresholds observed internationally is provided. The note concludes by suggesting analytical steps to guide practitioners in designing turnover tax regimes.
Book Synopsis The Optimal Turnover Threshold and Tax Rate for SMEs by : Feng Wei
Download or read book The Optimal Turnover Threshold and Tax Rate for SMEs written by Feng Wei and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presumptive income taxes in the form of a tax on turnover for SMEs are pervasive as a way to reduce the costs of compliance and administration. We analyze a model where entrepreneurs allocate labor to the formal and informal sectors. Formal sector income is subjected either to a corporate income tax or a tax on turnover, depending on whether their turnover exceeds a threshold. We characterize the private sector equilibrium for any given configuration of tax policy parameters (corporate income tax rate, turnover tax rate, and threshold). Given private behavior, social welfare is optimized. We interpret the first-order conditions for welfare maximization to identify the key margins and then simulate a calibrated version of the model.
Author :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher :Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development ISBN 13 : Total Pages :172 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2009-10-19 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines the taxation of SMEs in OECD countries and covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden.
Book Synopsis A Firm Lower Bound: Characteristics and Impact of Corporate Minimum Taxation by : Aqib Aslam
Download or read book A Firm Lower Bound: Characteristics and Impact of Corporate Minimum Taxation written by Aqib Aslam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of minimum taxes and attempts to quantify their impact on economic activity. Minimum taxes can be effective at shoring up the corporate tax base and enhancing the perceived equity of the tax system, potentially motivating broader taxpayer compliance. Where political and administrative constraints prevent reforms to the standard corporate income tax, a minimum tax can help mitigate base erosion from excessive tax incentives and avoidance. Using a new panel dataset that catalogues changes in minimum tax regimes over time around the world, firm-level analysis suggests that the introduction or reform of a minimum tax is associated with an increase in the average effective tax rate of just over 1.5 percentage points with respect to turnover and of around 10 percent with respect to operating income. Minimum taxes based on modified corporate income lead to the largest increases in effective tax rates, followed by those based on assets and turnover.
Book Synopsis Peru: Technical Assistance Report-Tax Regime for Small Taxpayers and Special Economic Zones by : International Monetary
Download or read book Peru: Technical Assistance Report-Tax Regime for Small Taxpayers and Special Economic Zones written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-11 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics discussed in this report are tax regimes for small taxpayers (Chapter II) and the tax treatment of special economic zones (Chapter III). Although these aspects of the tax system have little direct effect on public finances, they affect many people and how those people make decisions or impact the positioning of certain regions relative to the rest of the country. Both are of social and political scope that is disproportionate to their magnitude of tax revenue collection, which is why their design must remain focused in its most strategic sense.
Download or read book Lebanon written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lebanon’s tax revenue more than halved between 2019 and 2021, in the face of the deepest economic crisis since the end of the civil war. This report identifies tax policy reform options to stop the drain on Lebanon’s tax revenue in the immediate and near-terms and to move toward a more efficient, effective, and inclusive tax system in the medium-term.
Book Synopsis Albania: Technical Assistance Report-Tax Policy Reform Options for the MTRS by : International Monetary
Download or read book Albania: Technical Assistance Report-Tax Policy Reform Options for the MTRS written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albania is preparing a Medium-Term Revenue Strategy (MTRS) to finance its development spending of an estimated 2.2–3.0 percent of GDP over five years. Revenue mobilization will be supported by comprehensive tax policy and administration reforms. International and regional comparisons suggest that there is room for additional revenues as well as improvement in the composition of tax revenues. This report presents options for tax policy reform to raise at least an additional 1.34 percent of GDP in revenues over five years and to improve the quality and efficiency of the tax system, that will enable the mobilization of further domestic revenues.
Book Synopsis Designing a Presumptive Income Tax Based on Turnover in Countries with Large Informal Sectors by : Feng Wei
Download or read book Designing a Presumptive Income Tax Based on Turnover in Countries with Large Informal Sectors written by Feng Wei and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turnover (sales) is frequently used in developing countries as a presumptive income tax base, to economize on the costs of tax administration and taxpayer compliance. We construct a simple model where a size threshold separates firms paying turnover tax from those paying profit tax (regular income tax), and where firms have the option of producing in the untaxed, informal sector. The optimal turnover tax rate trades off two policy concerns: reducing informality and avoiding strategic reductions in sales by firms seeking to remain below the threshold for the profit tax. We provide analytical results and calibrate the model to compute the optimal policy using realistic parameter values. The optimal turnover tax rate for countries with large informal sectors is found to be around 2.5% across most scenarios, while the threshold separating the turnover tax regime from profit tax lies for the most part between $65,000 and $95,000. Introducing an optimally designed turnover tax reduces the rate of informality of businesses by about 12 percentage points in the calibrated model.
Book Synopsis Brazil: Tax Expenditure Rationalization Within Broader Tax Reform by : Maria Delgado Coelho
Download or read book Brazil: Tax Expenditure Rationalization Within Broader Tax Reform written by Maria Delgado Coelho and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.
Book Synopsis Maldives by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Maldives written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-04-17 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Technical Assistance Report discusses that in the Maldives, public investment trends have been influenced by a number of contextual factors including the economic dependency on tourism, the high exposure to climate change, and the recent democratization. The mission assessed the strength and quality of public investment management (PIM) in the Maldives using the IMF Public Investment Management framework, based on the three phases of the PIM cycle. The report highlights that the most significant weakness in the PIM and the wider Public Financial Management system is poor budget credibility and budget execution. However, some progress has been made in improving PIM institutions, and reforms are ongoing in a number of areas. It is imperative to strengthen the project appraisal process by developing a standard methodology for project appraisal, publishing this methodology and verifying that it is consistently applied by the line ministries. It is also important to develop a framework for ex-post evaluations and ensure that lessons learned from past projects are incorporated in revised guidelines and practices.
Book Synopsis OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs Key Issues and Policy Considerations by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs Key Issues and Policy Considerations written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-12 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines the taxation of SMEs in OECD countries and covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden.
Book Synopsis OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs in OECD and G20 Countries by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs in OECD and G20 Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-05 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SMEs are important for their contribution to employment, innovation, economic growth and diversity. This report examines the tax treatment of SMEs, the case for SME preferences, and the use of tax preferences and simplification measures for SMEs in thirty-nine OECD and G20 countries.
Book Synopsis Presumptive Taxation in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Mr.Günther Taube
Download or read book Presumptive Taxation in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Mr.Günther Taube and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses presumptive taxation methods and their application in Sub-Saharan Africa. Presumptive taxation involves simple techniques to capture domestic transactions and sources of income that frequently escapes conventional taxation.
Book Synopsis Current Challenges in Revenue Mobilization - Improving Tax Compliance by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Current Challenges in Revenue Mobilization - Improving Tax Compliance written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses core challenges that all tax administrations face in dealing with noncompliance—which are now receiving renewed attention. Long a priority in developing countries, assuring strong compliance has acquired greater priority in countries facing intensified revenue needs, and is critical for fairness and statebuilding. Series: Policy Papers
Book Synopsis Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-08-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Reforms in the Middle East by : Ehtisham Ahmad
Download or read book Fiscal Reforms in the Middle East written by Ehtisham Ahmad and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful book focuses on the role of fiscal policy in common markets, especially in the context of the supranational constructs in the Gulf Cooperation Council, comprising Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. It draws on the experience of the EU and the importance of VAT, and reflects on the other main common market in Central America. Although oil windfalls have opened a window of opportunity for the Gulf States, at the same time they have created numerous problems. In particular, the uncertainty associated with periods of boom and bust in the oil market has made the formulation and implementation of sound fiscal policies a formidable task. In this study, the distinguished authors present the background to current fiscal reforms and address the critical challenges facing the Gulf States including the choice between consumption and saving (or current needs and future requirements); intra-generational equity issues; the pro-cyclicality of fiscal policy; fiscal sustainability and the prudent management of revenues from finite oil reserves. They examine the case for VAT to substantially replace customs duties, a significant source of non-oil revenue which would be lost as a result of free trade agreements between the GCC and key trading partners. They also demonstrate how an agreed design for VAT would assist in furthering economic integration, and enhance trade and exports. If properly sequenced, VAT would have a negligible impact on both inflation and the poor, and would be progressive in relation to the customs duties replaced. This highly topical book will be of great interest to academics specializing in public sector economics and public finance, and to national and international policymakers involved in fiscal reform.
