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The Opinion Of Mankind
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Book Synopsis The Opinion of Mankind by : Paul Sagar
Download or read book The Opinion of Mankind written by Paul Sagar and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How David Hume and Adam Smith forged a new way of thinking about the modern state What is the modern state? Conspicuously undertheorized in recent political theory, this question persistently animated the best minds of the Enlightenment. Recovering David Hume and Adam Smith's long-underappreciated contributions to the history of political thought, The Opinion of Mankind considers how, following Thomas Hobbes's epochal intervention in the mid-seventeenth century, subsequent thinkers grappled with explaining how the state came into being, what it fundamentally might be, and how it could claim rightful authority over those subject to its power. Hobbes has cast a long shadow over Western political thought, particularly regarding the theory of the state. This book shows how Hume and Smith, the two leading lights of the Scottish Enlightenment, forged an alternative way of thinking about the organization of modern politics. They did this in part by going back to the foundations: rejecting Hobbes's vision of human nature and his arguments about our capacity to form stable societies over time. In turn, this was harnessed to a deep reconceptualization of how to think philosophically about politics in a secular world. The result was an emphasis on the "opinion of mankind," the necessary psychological basis of all political organization. Demonstrating how Hume and Smith broke away from Hobbesian state theory, The Opinion of Mankind also suggests ways in which these thinkers might shape how we think about politics today, and in turn how we might construct better political theory.
Book Synopsis The Theory of Moral Sentiments by : Adam Smith (économiste)
Download or read book The Theory of Moral Sentiments written by Adam Smith (économiste) and published by . This book was released on 1812 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Picturesque Tale of Progress by : Olive Beaupré Miller
Download or read book A Picturesque Tale of Progress written by Olive Beaupré Miller and published by Dawn Chorus Press. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published: Lake Bluff, IL: Bookhouse for Children, c1929-33.
Download or read book The Rights of Man written by Thomas Paine and published by Standard Ebooks. This book was released on 2021-04-26T22:00:31Z with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Paine wrote the first part of The Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to the furious attack on the French Revolution by the British parliamentarian Edmund Burke in his pamphlet Reflections on the Revolution in France, published the previous year. Paine carefully dissects and counters Burke’s arguments and provides a more accurate description of the events surrounding the revolution of 1789. He then reproduces and comments on the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens” promulgated by the National Assembly of France. The manuscript of The Rights of Man was placed with the publisher Joseph Johnson, but that publisher was threatened with legal action by the British Government. Paine then gave the work to another publisher, J. S. Jordan, and on the advice of William Blake, Paine went to France to be out of the way of possible arrest in Britain. The Rights of Man was published in March 1791, and was an immediate success with the British public, selling nearly a million copies. A second part of the book, subtitled “Combining Principle and Practice,” was published in February 1792. It puts forward practical proposals for the establishment of republican government in countries like Britain. The Rights of Man had a major impact, leading to the establishment of a number of reform societies. After the publication of the second part of the book, Paine and his publisher were charged with seditious libel, and Paine was eventually forced to leave Britain and flee to France. Today The Rights of Man is considered a classic of political writing and philosophy. This book is part of the Standard Ebooks project, which produces free public domain ebooks.
Book Synopsis For the Good of Mankind? by : Vicki Oransky Wittenstein
Download or read book For the Good of Mankind? written by Vicki Oransky Wittenstein and published by Twenty-First Century Books. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiment: A child is deliberately infected with the deadly smallpox disease without his parents' informed consent. Result: The world's first vaccine. Experiment: A slave woman is forced to undergo more than thirty operations without anesthesia. Result: The beginnings of modern gynecology. Incidents like these paved the way for crucial, lifesaving medical discoveries. But they also harmed and humiliated their test subjects, many of whom did not agree to the experiments in the first place. How do doctors balance the need to test new medicines and procedures with their ethical duty to protect the rights of human subjects? Take a harrowing journey through some of history's greatest medical advances?and its most horrifying medical atrocities?to discover how human suffering has gone hand in hand with medical advancement.
Download or read book Humankind written by Rutger Bregman and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The “lively” (The New Yorker), “convincing” (Forbes), and “riveting pick-me-up we all need right now” (People) that proves humanity thrives in a crisis and that our innate kindness and cooperation have been the greatest factors in our long-term success as a species. If there is one belief that has united the left and the right, psychologists and philosophers, ancient thinkers and modern ones, it is the tacit assumption that humans are bad. It's a notion that drives newspaper headlines and guides the laws that shape our lives. From Machiavelli to Hobbes, Freud to Pinker, the roots of this belief have sunk deep into Western thought. Human beings, we're taught, are by nature selfish and governed primarily by self-interest. But what if it isn't true? International bestseller Rutger Bregman provides new perspective on the past 200,000 years of human history, setting out to prove that we are hardwired for kindness, geared toward cooperation rather than competition, and more inclined to trust rather than distrust one another. In fact this instinct has a firm evolutionary basis going back to the beginning of Homo sapiens. From the real-life Lord of the Flies to the solidarity in the aftermath of the Blitz, the hidden flaws in the Stanford prison experiment to the true story of twin brothers on opposite sides who helped Mandela end apartheid, Bregman shows us that believing in human generosity and collaboration isn't merely optimistic—it's realistic. Moreover, it has huge implications for how society functions. When we think the worst of people, it brings out the worst in our politics and economics. But if we believe in the reality of humanity's kindness and altruism, it will form the foundation for achieving true change in society, a case that Bregman makes convincingly with his signature wit, refreshing frankness, and memorable storytelling. "The Sapiens of 2020." —The Guardian "Humankind made me see humanity from a fresh perspective." —Yuval Noah Harari, author of the #1 bestseller Sapiens Longlisted for the 2021 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction One of the Washington Post's 50 Notable Nonfiction Works in 2020
Book Synopsis The Dawn of Everything by : David Graeber
Download or read book The Dawn of Everything written by David Graeber and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A dramatically new understanding of human history, challenging our most fundamental assumptions about social evolution—from the development of agriculture and cities to the origins of the state, democracy, and inequality—and revealing new possibilities for human emancipation. For generations, our remote ancestors have been cast as primitive and childlike—either free and equal innocents, or thuggish and warlike. Civilization, we are told, could be achieved only by sacrificing those original freedoms or, alternatively, by taming our baser instincts. David Graeber and David Wengrow show how such theories first emerged in the eighteenth century as a conservative reaction to powerful critiques of European society posed by Indigenous observers and intellectuals. Revisiting this encounter has startling implications for how we make sense of human history today, including the origins of farming, property, cities, democracy, slavery, and civilization itself. Drawing on pathbreaking research in archaeology and anthropology, the authors show how history becomes a far more interesting place once we learn to throw off our conceptual shackles and perceive what’s really there. If humans did not spend 95 percent of their evolutionary past in tiny bands of hunter-gatherers, what were they doing all that time? If agriculture, and cities, did not mean a plunge into hierarchy and domination, then what kinds of social and economic organization did they lead to? The answers are often unexpected, and suggest that the course of human history may be less set in stone, and more full of playful, hopeful possibilities, than we tend to assume. The Dawn of Everything fundamentally transforms our understanding of the human past and offers a path toward imagining new forms of freedom, new ways of organizing society. This is a monumental book of formidable intellectual range, animated by curiosity, moral vision, and a faith in the power of direct action. Includes Black-and-White Illustrations
Download or read book On Liberty written by John Stuart Mill and published by . This book was released on 1895 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lights of Mankind by : L. Douglas Keeney
Download or read book Lights of Mankind written by L. Douglas Keeney and published by Globe Pequot. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth at night, as the photos and essays of this book showcases, is an electric planet, glittering with billions of lights for all the solar system to see.
Download or read book On War written by Carl von Clausewitz and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Us Against Them by : Donald R. Kinder
Download or read book Us Against Them written by Donald R. Kinder and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethnocentrism—our tendency to partition the human world into in-groups and out-groups—pervades societies around the world. Surprisingly, though, few scholars have explored its role in political life. Donald Kinder and Cindy Kam fill this gap with Us Against Them, their definitive explanation of how ethnocentrism shapes American public opinion. Arguing that humans are broadly predisposed to ethnocentrism, Kinder and Kam explore its impact on our attitudes toward an array of issues, including the war on terror, humanitarian assistance, immigration, the sanctity of marriage, and the reform of social programs. The authors ground their study in previous theories from a wide range of disciplines, establishing a new framework for understanding what ethnocentrism is and how it becomes politically consequential. They also marshal a vast trove of survey evidence to identify the conditions under which ethnocentrism shapes public opinion. While ethnocentrism is widespread in the United States, the authors demonstrate that its political relevance depends on circumstance. Exploring the implications of these findings for political knowledge, cosmopolitanism, and societies outside the United States, Kinder and Kam add a new dimension to our understanding of how democracy functions.
Book Synopsis Democracy in America (Complete) by : Alexis de Tocqueville
Download or read book Democracy in America (Complete) written by Alexis de Tocqueville and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amongst the novel objects that attracted my attention during my stay in the United States, nothing struck me more forcibly than the general equality of conditions. I readily discovered the prodigious influence which this primary fact exercises on the whole course of society, by giving a certain direction to public opinion, and a certain tenor to the laws; by imparting new maxims to the governing powers, and peculiar habits to the governed. I speedily perceived that the influence of this fact extends far beyond the political character and the laws of the country, and that it has no less empire over civil society than over the Government; it creates opinions, engenders sentiments, suggests the ordinary practices of life, and modifies whatever it does not produce. The more I advanced in the study of American society, the more I perceived that the equality of conditions is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived, and the central point at which all my observations constantly terminated. I then turned my thoughts to our own hemisphere, where I imagined that I discerned something analogous to the spectacle which the New World presented to me. I observed that the equality of conditions is daily progressing towards those extreme limits which it seems to have reached in the United States, and that the democracy which governs the American communities appears to be rapidly rising into power in Europe. I hence conceived the idea of the book which is now before the reader. It is evident to all alike that a great democratic revolution is going on amongst us; but there are two opinions as to its nature and consequences. To some it appears to be a novel accident, which as such may still be checked; to others it seems irresistible, because it is the most uniform, the most ancient, and the most permanent tendency which is to be found in history. Let us recollect the situation of France seven hundred years ago, when the territory was divided amongst a small number of families, who were the owners of the soil and the rulers of the inhabitants; the right of governing descended with the family inheritance from generation to generation; force was the only means by which man could act on man, and landed property was the sole source of power. Soon, however, the political power of the clergy was founded, and began to exert itself: the clergy opened its ranks to all classes, to the poor and the rich, the villein and the lord; equality penetrated into the Government through the Church, and the being who as a serf must have vegetated in perpetual bondage took his place as a priest in the midst of nobles, and not infrequently above the heads of kings. The different relations of men became more complicated and more numerous as society gradually became more stable and more civilized. Thence the want of civil laws was felt; and the order of legal functionaries soon rose from the obscurity of the tribunals and their dusty chambers, to appear at the court of the monarch, by the side of the feudal barons in their ermine and their mail. Whilst the kings were ruining themselves by their great enterprises, and the nobles exhausting their resources by private wars, the lower orders were enriching themselves by commerce. The influence of money began to be perceptible in State affairs. The transactions of business opened a new road to power, and the financier rose to a station of political influence in which he was at once flattered and despised. Gradually the spread of mental acquirements, and the increasing taste for literature and art, opened chances of success to talent; science became a means of government, intelligence led to social power, and the man of letters took a part in the affairs of the State. The value attached to the privileges of birth decreased in the exact proportion in which new paths were struck out to advancement. In the eleventh century nobility was beyond all price; in the thirteenth it might be purchased; it was conferred for the first time in 1270; and equality was thus introduced into the Government by the aristocracy itself.
Book Synopsis The Primitive Origination of Mankind by : Matthew Hale
Download or read book The Primitive Origination of Mankind written by Matthew Hale and published by . This book was released on 1677 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This text explores mankind's origins, as considered and examined in light of nature, with particular emphasis on the following parts and assertions: I. That according to the light of nature and natural reason, the visible world was not eternal, but had a beginning; II. That if there could be any imaginable doubt thereof, yet by the necessary evidence of natural light it does appear that mankind had a beginning, and that the successive generations of men were in their original form; III. That this truth is evident by demonstrative reason and arguments; IV. That there are moral evidences of the truth of this assertion, which are herein particularly expanded and examined; V. That those great philosophers that asserted this origination of mankind, both ancient and modern, that rendered it by hypothesis different from that of Moses, were mistaken--here the hypotheses of Aristotle, Plato, and others are examined, and the absurdity and impossibility of their theories are detected; VI. That the current author's theory explaining the creation of man and of the world, in general, abstractly considered without relation to the divine inspiration of the writer, is according to reason, and preferable to the sentiments of other philosophers; and VII. That the author has concluded the whole of this work with certain corollaries and deductions, necessarily flowing from the things thus asserted, as well touching the existence, the wisdom, power, and providence of Almighty God, as touching both the duty and happiness of mankind"--Foreword. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
Book Synopsis Adam Smith Reconsidered by : Paul Sagar
Download or read book Adam Smith Reconsidered written by Paul Sagar and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radical reinterpretation of Adam Smith that challenges economists, moral philosophers, political theorists, and intellectual historians to rethink him—and why he matters Adam Smith has long been recognized as the father of modern economics. More recently, scholars have emphasized his standing as a moral philosopher—one who was prepared to critique markets as well as to praise them. But Smith’s contributions to political theory are still underappreciated and relatively neglected. In this bold, revisionary book, Paul Sagar argues that not only have the fundamentals of Smith’s political thought been widely misunderstood, but that once we understand them correctly, our estimations of Smith as economist and as moral philosopher must radically change. Rather than seeing Smith either as the prophet of the free market, or as a moralist who thought the dangers of commerce lay primarily in the corrupting effects of trade, Sagar shows why Smith is more thoroughly a political thinker who made major contributions to the history of political thought. Smith, Sagar argues, saw war, not commerce, as the engine of political change and he was centrally concerned with the political, not moral, dimensions of—and threats to—commercial societies. In this light, the true contours and power of Smith’s foundational contributions to western political thought emerge as never before. Offering major reinterpretations of Smith’s political, moral, and economic ideas, Adam Smith Reconsidered seeks to revolutionize how he is understood. In doing so, it recovers Smith’s original way of doing political theory, one rooted in the importance of history and the necessity of maintaining a realist sensibility, and from which we still have much to learn.
Download or read book The Story of Man written by Cyril Aydon and published by Running Press. This book was released on 2007-11-09 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not just a history of the world, this is also a history for the world. Packed full of fascinating information, it is written in the same lively and accessible style that charmed the readers of Cyril Aydon's previous books Charles Darwin and A Book of Scientific Curiosities. It follows the fortunes and misfortunes of the human race, from the time when our ancestors took their first tentative steps out of Africa, to the day when human beings set foot on the moon; from the domestication of the first donkey to the cloning of Dolly the sheep; and from the building of the pyramids to the designing of the World Wide Web. Informed by the most recent historical and archaeological research, the book focuses not on the conventional small change of kings and queens, battles, and political maneuvers, but on developments that have really shaped the lives of human beings around the globe: the Neolithic revolution in agriculture, the invention of writing, the rise and fall of empires, the birth of great religions, the industrial revolution. This book asks whether we have really changed, or are we just stone-age people living in a space age we have made but cannot control.
Book Synopsis Our Ultimate Reality, Life, the Universe and Destiny of Mankind by : Adrian P. Cooper
Download or read book Our Ultimate Reality, Life, the Universe and Destiny of Mankind written by Adrian P. Cooper and published by Mind Power Corporation. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "From the earliest days of thinking man, people the world over have pondered the nature of the Universe, our planet, and of ourselves. What does it all mean? Why am I here? What is the real purpose of my life? What will happen to me after I die? Will I return once again for another life on Earth?" So starts the first paragraph of this book, summarising and encapsulating very succinctly both the reason I was inspired to write Our Ultimate Reality and a concise summary of the contents contained therein. As we approach the end of a great age for humanity, increasingly more people from all walks of what we know as "life" are asking what it all means for them, for their families and for their future existence on this planet we call "Earth." Our Ultimate Reality, Life, the Universe and Destiny of Mankind is your complete reference and guide for realising the Divine heritage of each and every one of us as equal aspects of our Creator, a life of perfect happiness, health, abundance, fulfilment and Spiritual evolution. This book has been written in a modern, understandable, non-mystical way, setting out in a concise, logical, easy to follow format, all you need to know in order to understand, pursue and realise your own true potential during this pivotally important era. I wish you every possible success as you follow your own true destiny on the path of return to our Divine Creator from Whom we came in the beginning, and wish that this book will prove to be your valuable guide and companion.
Download or read book On Liberty written by John Stuart Mill and published by . This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Liberty, captured here in all 5 of its parts, is a hallmark in the civil rights movement, political philosophy, women's rights, and sociology. It is essential reading for any scholar or lover of freedom and equality. In Mill's own Words, "The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it."
