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The Ontology Of Language
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Book Synopsis The Language of Ontology by : J. T. M. Miller
Download or read book The Language of Ontology written by J. T. M. Miller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphysical and ontological debates, concerning what exists and the nature of reality, are perennial features of the philosophical landscape. However, some have argued that ontological debates are non-substantive, pointless, trivial, incoherent, or impossible. Debates about whether tables exist, for example, or about the nature of reality, are taken to be in some way deficient. This has led to a burgeoning literature studying the nature of metaphysical and ontological disputes themselves. One major debate within this context concerns the language of ontology. The central question is whether the nature of language influences or limits our ability to engage productively in ontological disputes. While we typically think that our language describes the world, or at least can accurately describe the world, there have been many who have argued that the nature of language inherently influences and limits our attempts to understand the nature of reality-that our claims about what exists are, in fact, merely a reflection of how we happen to speak or think. The Language of Ontology collects chapters from established participants in the debate alongside new voices, to explore the range of issues relating to our ability or inability to get beyond the limits of our language.
Book Synopsis The Language of Ontology by : James T. M. Miller
Download or read book The Language of Ontology written by James T. M. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Langage of Ontology addresses the question of is whether the nature of language influences or limits debates about what exists. Chapters from both established and new voices explore the range of issues relating to our ability or inability to get beyond the limits of our language.
Book Synopsis Ontologies of English by : Christopher J. Hall
Download or read book Ontologies of English written by Christopher J. Hall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical examination of the ways in which English is conceptualised for learning, teaching, and assessment in a range of domains, from both social and cognitive perspectives. Researchers and postgraduates working on English in L1 and L2 educational contexts will find it valuable for research and collaboration.
Book Synopsis Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language by : Philipp Cimiano
Download or read book Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language written by Philipp Cimiano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For humans, understanding a natural language sentence or discourse is so effortless that we hardly ever think about it. For machines, however, the task of interpreting natural language, especially grasping meaning beyond the literal content, has proven extremely difficult and requires a large amount of background knowledge. This book focuses on the interpretation of natural language with respect to specific domain knowledge captured in ontologies. The main contribution is an approach that puts ontologies at the center of the interpretation process. This means that ontologies not only provide a formalization of domain knowledge necessary for interpretation but also support and guide the construction of meaning representations. We start with an introduction to ontologies and demonstrate how linguistic information can be attached to them by means of the ontology lexicon model lemon. These lexica then serve as basis for the automatic generation of grammars, which we use to compositionally construct meaning representations that conform with the vocabulary of an underlying ontology. As a result, the level of representational granularity is not driven by language but by the semantic distinctions made in the underlying ontology and thus by distinctions that are relevant in the context of a particular domain. We highlight some of the challenges involved in the construction of ontology-based meaning representations, and show how ontologies can be exploited for ambiguity resolution and the interpretation of temporal expressions. Finally, we present a question answering system that combines all tools and techniques introduced throughout the book in a real-world application, and sketch how the presented approach can scale to larger, multi-domain scenarios in the context of the Semantic Web. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Ontologies / Linguistic Formalisms / Ontology Lexica / Grammar Generation / Putting Everything Together / Ontological Reasoning for Ambiguity Resolution / Temporal Interpretation / Ontology-Based Interpretation for Question Answering / Conclusion / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Book Synopsis Language and Ontology by : Kanti Lal Das
Download or read book Language and Ontology written by Kanti Lal Das and published by Northern Book Centre. This book was released on 2008 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights the concept of ontology, relationship between language and ontology, the distinction between ontology and reality, the role of linguistic philosophers in dealing with ontology etc. Apart from these, the eminent scholars address themselves with the ontology behind the value of valuation, exclusion and discrimination, inter-religious dialogue, Indian theories of language, values in cinema, poetic language etc.
Download or read book Owl written by Lee W. Lacy and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to make your content accessible on the Semantic Web by marking it up using the Web Ontology Language - OWL. OWL is the new way to represent information on the Web. This book provides context about the Semantic Web and describes each of OWL's language constructs.
Book Synopsis Ontological Semantics by : Sergei Nirenburg
Download or read book Ontological Semantics written by Sergei Nirenburg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive theory-based approach to the treatment of text meaning in natural language processing applications.
Book Synopsis Dependencies in language by : N. J. Enfield
Download or read book Dependencies in language written by N. J. Enfield and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dependency is a fundamental concept in the analysis of linguistic systems. The many if-then statements offered in typology and grammar-writing imply a casually real notion of dependency that is central to the claim being made—usually with reference to widely varying timescales and types of processes. But despite the importance of the concept of dependency in our work, its nature is seldom defined or made explicit. This book brings together experts on language, representing descriptive linguistics, language typology, functional/cognitive linguistics, cognitive science, research on gesture and other semiotic systems, developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, and linguistic anthropology to address the following question: What kinds of dependencies exist among language-related systems, and how do we define and explain them in natural, causal terms?
Book Synopsis Ontology and the Lexicon by : Chu-ren Huang
Download or read book Ontology and the Lexicon written by Chu-ren Huang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An edited collection focusing on the technology involved in enabling integration between lexical resources and semantic technologies.
Book Synopsis The Semantic Web Explained by : Péter Szeredi
Download or read book The Semantic Web Explained written by Péter Szeredi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Semantic Web is a new area of research and development in the field of computer science that aims to make it easier for computers to process the huge amount of information on the web, and indeed other large databases, by enabling them not only to read, but also to understand the information. Based on successful courses taught by the authors, and liberally sprinkled with examples and exercises, this comprehensive textbook describes not only the theoretical issues underlying the Semantic Web, but also algorithms, optimisation ideas and implementation details. The book will therefore be valuable to practitioners as well as students, indeed to anyone who is interested in Internet technology, knowledge engineering or description logics. Supplementary materials available online include the source code of program examples and solutions to selected exercises.
Book Synopsis Language and Ontology by : Jack Kaminsky
Download or read book Language and Ontology written by Jack Kaminsky and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heidegger and Language by : Jeffrey Powell
Download or read book Heidegger and Language written by Jeffrey Powell and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-07 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays collected in this volume take a new look at the role of language in the thought of Martin Heidegger to reassess its significance for contemporary philosophy. They consider such topics as Heidegger's engagement with the Greeks, expression in language, poetry, the language of art and politics, and the question of truth. Heidegger left his unique stamp on language, giving it its own force and shape, especially with reference to concepts such as Dasein, understanding, and attunement, which have a distinctive place in his philosophy.
Book Synopsis Language Parasites: Of Phorontology by : Sean Braune
Download or read book Language Parasites: Of Phorontology written by Sean Braune and published by punctum books. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What we call "Being" infects us and speaks through us - it treats us as a host to a linguistic and experiential parasite. Ontology - the study of Being - has primarily dealt with human questions regarding Being at the expense of the non-human, inhuman, and posthuman. Language Parasites works against this tendency by offering a "phorontology": a theory of Being inspired by "phoronts," which are tiny organisms that engage in parasitic migration (lice, mites, ticks, fleas, etc.). What is the Being of a parasite and how can that complicated non-human ontology influence human definitions of Being? Gradually, the anthropocentric distinction of subject and object fades away in favor of the emergence of a strange new philosophical entity called the transject, a being that is thrown far afield from the more normative notions of the subject that can be found in Hegel, Kant, Lacan, or even Foucault, Nietzsche, and Deleuze. A 'pataphysical excursion into the intricate world of philosophical ontology, Language Parasites presents the initial discoveries of a much larger project that seeks to redefine the boundaries of Being. This book is the result of a parasitic infection of continental philosophy in which the various parasites of German and French philosophy all meet at one locale for one express purpose: to eat together, feed together, and think together."--Back cover.
Book Synopsis Quantifier Variance and Realism by : Eli Hirsch
Download or read book Quantifier Variance and Realism written by Eli Hirsch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eli Hirsch has contributed steadily to metaphysics since his ground-breaking (and much cited) work on identity through time. This volume collects Hirsch's essays from the last decade (with the exception of one article from 1978) on ontology and metametaphysics which are very much tied to these debates.
Book Synopsis Language and Being by : Duane Williams
Download or read book Language and Being written by Duane Williams and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Heidegger's radical and, for that, controversial reflections on language were not simply a passing interest in his thinking, but a fundamental, career-long concern arguably as significant to him as his study of being. This book traces the intimate connection between language and being in Heidegger's philosophy, and shows how they cannot be understood apart from one another. It discusses why Heidegger's undervalued philosophy of language is increasingly important, how it figures in the wider context of his work, and how it is to be approached and understood for our times. This includes the significance to Heidegger of being, the logos principle, etymology, phenomenology, mysticism, and poetry. Illuminating a difficult yet highly significant area in Heidegger's thinking, Williams provides an insightful and authoritative interpretation of the topic.
Book Synopsis Semantic Similarity from Natural Language and Ontology Analysis by : Sébastien Harispe
Download or read book Semantic Similarity from Natural Language and Ontology Analysis written by Sébastien Harispe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence federates numerous scientific fields in the aim of developing machines able to assist human operators performing complex treatments---most of which demand high cognitive skills (e.g. learning or decision processes). Central to this quest is to give machines the ability to estimate the likeness or similarity between things in the way human beings estimate the similarity between stimuli. In this context, this book focuses on semantic measures: approaches designed for comparing semantic entities such as units of language, e.g. words, sentences, or concepts and instances defined into knowledge bases. The aim of these measures is to assess the similarity or relatedness of such semantic entities by taking into account their semantics, i.e. their meaning---intuitively, the words tea and coffee, which both refer to stimulating beverage, will be estimated to be more semantically similar than the words toffee (confection) and coffee, despite that the last pair has a higher syntactic similarity. The two state-of-the-art approaches for estimating and quantifying semantic similarities/relatedness of semantic entities are presented in detail: the first one relies on corpora analysis and is based on Natural Language Processing techniques and semantic models while the second is based on more or less formal, computer-readable and workable forms of knowledge such as semantic networks, thesauri or ontologies. Semantic measures are widely used today to compare units of language, concepts, instances or even resources indexed by them (e.g., documents, genes). They are central elements of a large variety of Natural Language Processing applications and knowledge-based treatments, and have therefore naturally been subject to intensive and interdisciplinary research efforts during last decades. Beyond a simple inventory and categorization of existing measures, the aim of this monograph is to convey novices as well as researchers of these domains toward a better understanding of semantic similarity estimation and more generally semantic measures. To this end, we propose an in-depth characterization of existing proposals by discussing their features, the assumptions on which they are based and empirical results regarding their performance in particular applications. By answering these questions and by providing a detailed discussion on the foundations of semantic measures, our aim is to give the reader key knowledge required to: (i) select the more relevant methods according to a particular usage context, (ii) understand the challenges offered to this field of study, (iii) distinguish room of improvements for state-of-the-art approaches and (iv) stimulate creativity toward the development of new approaches. In this aim, several definitions, theoretical and practical details, as well as concrete applications are presented.
Download or read book The Web of Data written by Aidan Hogan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book’s main goals are to bring together in a concise way all the methodologies, standards and recommendations related to Data, Queries, Links, Semantics, Validation and other issues concerning machine-readable data on the Web, to describe them in detail, to provide examples of their use, and to discuss how they contribute to – and how they have been used thus far on – the “Web of Data”. As the content of the Web becomes increasingly machine readable, increasingly complex tasks can be automated, yielding more and more powerful Web applications that are capable of discovering, cross-referencing, filtering, and organizing data from numerous websites in a matter of seconds. The book is divided into nine chapters, the first of which introduces the topic by discussing the shortcomings of the current Web and illustrating the need for a Web of Data. Next, “Web of Data” provides an overview of the fundamental concepts involved, and discusses some current use-cases on the Web where such concepts are already being employed. “Resource Description Framework (RDF)” describes the graph-structured data model proposed by the Semantic Web community as a common data model for the Web. The chapter on “RDF Schema (RDFS) and Semantics” presents a lightweight ontology language used to define an initial semantics for terms used in RDF graphs. In turn, the chapter “Web Ontology Language (OWL)” elaborates on a more expressive ontology language built upon RDFS that offers much more powerful ontological features. In “SPARQL Query Language” a language for querying and updating RDF graphs is described, with examples of the features it supports, supplemented by a detailed definition of its semantics. “Shape Constraints and Expressions (SHACL/ShEx)” introduces two languages for describing the expected structure of – and expressing constraints on – RDF graphs for the purposes of validation. “Linked Data” discusses the principles and best practices proposed by the Linked Data community for publishing interlinked (RDF) data on the Web, and how these techniques have been adopted. The final chapter highlights open problems and rounds out the coverage with a more general discussion on the future of the Web of Data. The book is intended for students, researchers and advanced practitioners interested in learning more about the Web of Data, and about closely related topics such as the Semantic Web, Knowledge Graphs, Linked Data, Graph Databases, Ontologies, etc. Offering a range of accessible examples and exercises, it can be used as a textbook for students and other newcomers to the field. It can also serve as a reference handbook for researchers and developers, as it offers up-to-date details on key standards (RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL, SHACL, ShEx, RDB2RDF, LDP), along with formal definitions and references to further literature. The associated website webofdatabook.org offers a wealth of complementary material, including solutions to the exercises, slides for classes, raw data for examples, and a section for comments and questions.
