The New Universal Morality

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Moral Minds

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Author : Marc D. Hauser
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0061864781
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

Book Synopsis Moral Minds by : Marc D. Hauser

Download or read book Moral Minds written by Marc D. Hauser and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Harvard scientist illuminates the biological basis for human morality in this groundbreaking book. With the diversity of moral attitudes found across cultures around the globe, it is easy to assume that moral perspectives are socially developed—a matter of nurture rather than nature. But in Moral Minds, Marc Hauser presents compelling evidence to the contrary, and offers a revolutionary new theory: that humans have evolved a universal moral instinct. Hauser argues that certain biologically innate moral principles propel us toward judgments of right and wrong independent of gender, education, and religion. Combining his cutting-edge research with the latest findings in cognitive psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, evolutionary biology, economics, and anthropology, Hauser explores the startling implications of his provocative theory vis-à-vis contemporary bioethics, religion, the law, and our everyday lives.

Moral Universalism and Pluralism

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Author : Melissa S. Williams
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814777201
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

Book Synopsis Moral Universalism and Pluralism by : Melissa S. Williams

Download or read book Moral Universalism and Pluralism written by Melissa S. Williams and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral universalism, or the idea that some system of ethics applies to all people regardless of race, color, nationality, religion, or culture, must have a plurality over which to range — a plurality of diverse persons, nations, jurisdictions, or localities over which morality asserts a universal authority. The contributors to Moral Universalism and Pluralism, the latest volume in the NOMOS series, investigate the idea that, far from denying the existence of such pluralities, moral universalism presupposes it. At the same time, the search for universally valid principles of morality is deeply challenged by diversity. The fact of pluralism presses us to explore how universalist principles interact with ethical, political, and social particularisms. These important essays refuse the answer that particularisms should simply be made to conform to universal principles, as if morality were a mold into which the diverse matter of human society and culture could be pressed. Rather, the authors bring philosophical, legal and political perspectives to bear on the core questions: Which forms of pluralism are conceptually compatible with moral universalism, and which ones can be accommodated in a politically stable way? Can pluralism generate innovations in understandings of moral duty? How is convergence on the validity of legal and moral authority possible in circumstances of pluralism? As the contributors to the book demonstrate in a wide variety of ways, these normative, conceptual, and political questions deeply intertwine. Contributors: Kenneth Baynes, William A. Galston, Barbara Herman, F. M. Kamm, Benedict Kingsbury, Frank I. Michelman, William E. Scheuerman, Gopal Sreenivasan, Daniel Weinstock, and Robin West.

The Theory and Practice of Universal Ethics

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Author : Shimon Dovid Cowen
Publisher : Institute for Judaism & Civilization, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9780826608437
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

Book Synopsis The Theory and Practice of Universal Ethics by : Shimon Dovid Cowen

Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Universal Ethics written by Shimon Dovid Cowen and published by Institute for Judaism & Civilization, Incorporated. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Congress President in 1991 endorsed a set of seven universal ethical principles, known as the Noahide Laws, as the "bedrock of society since the dawn of civilization" and as values "upon which our great nation was founded." Associated with the name of Noah, with whom this moral code was completed, practised by Abraham and reiterated at Sinai, these principles constitute the root ethical code of humanity. At a time of great moral and social drift, when both individuals and legislators seek an objective and universal moral compass, these timeless laws have a special relevance and a unifying resonance over different cultures, societies and traditions.The first part of this book sets out the idea or theory of the Noahide laws - from spiritual, philosophical, psychological, social and political perspectives. Various of its contents have already been before leaders, including international statesmen (whose letters are included here), who have responded with encouragement for their study and dissemination.The second part of the book presents the concrete conduct or practice of the Noahide laws. This precise task proceeds from extensive research into the Tradition of commentary on the Revelation at Sinai, of which the Noahide laws (already previously the moral covenant of humanity, but which were authoritively restated at Sinai) form a part. The way the Noahide Laws in their detail structure the ethical conduct of the major domains of human existence is set out clearly for the general reader; and with extensive footnotes and references for those seeking further study.

The Evolution of Morality

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Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263254
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

Book Synopsis The Evolution of Morality by : Richard Joyce

Download or read book The Evolution of Morality written by Richard Joyce and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-08-24 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral thinking pervades our practical lives, but where did this way of thinking come from, and what purpose does it serve? Is it to be explained by environmental pressures on our ancestors a million years ago, or is it a cultural invention of more recent origin? In The Evolution of Morality, Richard Joyce takes up these controversial questions, finding that the evidence supports an innate basis to human morality. As a moral philosopher, Joyce is interested in whether any implications follow from this hypothesis. Might the fact that the human brain has been biologically prepared by natural selection to engage in moral judgment serve in some sense to vindicate this way of thinking—staving off the threat of moral skepticism, or even undergirding some version of moral realism? Or if morality has an adaptive explanation in genetic terms—if it is, as Joyce writes, "just something that helped our ancestors make more babies"—might such an explanation actually undermine morality's central role in our lives? He carefully examines both the evolutionary "vindication of morality" and the evolutionary "debunking of morality," considering the skeptical view more seriously than have others who have treated the subject. Interdisciplinary and combining the latest results from the empirical sciences with philosophical discussion, The Evolution of Morality is one of the few books in this area written from the perspective of moral philosophy. Concise and without technical jargon, the arguments are rigorous but accessible to readers from different academic backgrounds. Joyce discusses complex issues in plain language while advocating subtle and sometimes radical views. The Evolution of Morality lays the philosophical foundations for further research into the biological understanding of human morality.

Universal Morality Reconsidered

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Author : Joseph Bankard
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443870072
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

Book Synopsis Universal Morality Reconsidered by : Joseph Bankard

Download or read book Universal Morality Reconsidered written by Joseph Bankard and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like many contemporary issues, moral discourse finds itself in the middle of a great divide. On one side of the chasm sits much of contemporary Western philosophy, moral psychology and the social sciences, which often view morality as a purely natural phenomenon. This view argues that human morality can be fully explained by appealing to naturalistic processes such as kin selection, reciprocal altruism, cultural evolution, and various models of social contract theory. In this context, God's e...

The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality

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Author : Vojin Rakić
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030724735
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

Book Synopsis The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality by : Vojin Rakić

Download or read book The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality written by Vojin Rakić and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with good, evil, happiness and morally enhanced post-humans. It offers a succinct historical elaboration of philosophical stances towards morality and happiness, focusing on Kant's ideas in particular. Human augmented ethical maturity in a futuristic version of Kant’s Ethical Commonwealth implies, among else, voluntary moral bio-enhancement (VMBE); consequently, more happiness – as morality and happiness are in a circularly supportive relationship; ultimate morality (UM). UM is in its own way a universal morality. In line with the contention that Kant’s vision of the (not immediate but more distant) future of humanity is one of a cosmopolitan moral order in which humans act virtuously in the broadest possible community, that is, humanity, it is justified to conclude that successful VMBE is conducive to Kant’s vision. In this context the book is of great interest to a broad audience, such as those interested in VMBE and novel conceptions of morality, and those with an interest in the historical development of morality and happiness, in philosophy (specifically, ethics) and in post-humanity.

Communication Ethics and Universal Values

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Author : Clifford G. Christians
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0761905855
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (619 download)

Book Synopsis Communication Ethics and Universal Values by : Clifford G. Christians

Download or read book Communication Ethics and Universal Values written by Clifford G. Christians and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-01-28 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is designed to revolutionize the field of communication by identifying a broad ethical theory which transcends the world of mass media practice to reveal a more humane and responsible code of values. The contributors defend the possibility of universal moral imperatives such as justice, reciprocity and human dignity.

Universally Preferable Behaviour

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Author : Stefan Molyneux
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781975653743
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (537 download)

Book Synopsis Universally Preferable Behaviour by : Stefan Molyneux

Download or read book Universally Preferable Behaviour written by Stefan Molyneux and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-11 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For thousands of years, humanity has attempted to enforce ethics through supernatural and secular punishments; this rabid aggression has been both necessary and ridiculous. It has been necessary because a rational proof of secular ethics has never been achieved; it has been ridiculous because it is impossible to imagine any scientific or mathematical argument being advanced in such a hysterical and violent manner."Ethics" has been one of the great government programs of history; since kings and priests ruled mankind, only those philosophers who served their interests tended to get promoted to prominence, rather than imprisoned, poisoned or burned. Thus, over 2,500 years since its inception, the discipline of ethics remains largely subjectivist, relativist and cultural - and was not only unable to restrain, but may have played a part in promoting the horrors, wars and genocides of the 20th century, the bloodiest hundred years of history of our species.Stefan Molyneux, host of Freedomain Radio, has written "Universally Preferable Behavior: A Rational Proof of Secular Ethics," which presents radical and rational arguments for a nonreligious, non-statist, entirely secular set ethical standards which validate the nonaggression principle - thou shalt not initiate force against thy fellow human - and the fundamental logic for respecting property rights.Rigorous, analytical and challenging, "Universally Preferable Behavior" provides a solid foundation for secular ethics. This book solves the ancient philosopher Petrarch's dichotomy, which is that it is better to will the good than know the truth. Armed with the arguments in "Universally Preferable Behavior," you can both know the truth and will the good.

Universal Ethics

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Author : Göran Bexell
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900447837X
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

Book Synopsis Universal Ethics by : Göran Bexell

Download or read book Universal Ethics written by Göran Bexell and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-04 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions on universal ethics are of utmost importance for peaceful relations between nations, cultures and religions. Are there common values or are all morals just expressions for various political, economic or religious interests? In this book scholars from different academic fields and with various views discuss questions that in different ways concern both the possibilities and risks of universal or common ethics. The book is divided into five parts; philosophical and ethical perspectives, human rights perspectives, universal ethics and religion, globalization and global governance, universal ethics and Nordic values. Scholars from such fields as philosophy, ethics, human rights, history, political science, sociology and theology are represented. All of the authors are active researchers at Scandinavian universities. This collection of articles is directed to professionals in various disciplines, but can also serve as an introduction to the subject of universal ethics.

The Structure of Moral Revolutions

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Author : Robert Baker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262043084
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

Book Synopsis The Structure of Moral Revolutions by : Robert Baker

Download or read book The Structure of Moral Revolutions written by Robert Baker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical account of moral revolutions, illustrated by historical cases that include the criminalization and decriminalization of abortion and the patient rebellion against medical paternalism. We live in an age of moral revolutions in which the once morally outrageous has become morally acceptable, and the formerly acceptable is now regarded as reprehensible. Attitudes toward same-sex love, for example, and the proper role of women, have undergone paradigm shifts over the last several decades. In this book, Robert Baker argues that these inversions are the product of moral revolutions that follow a pattern similar to that of the scientific revolutions analyzed by Thomas Kuhn in his influential book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. After laying out the theoretical terrain, Baker develops his argument with examples of moral reversals from the recent and distant past. He describes the revolution, led by the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, that transformed the postmortem dissection of human bodies from punitive desecration to civic virtue; the criminalization of abortion in the nineteenth century and its decriminalization in the twentieth century; and the invention of a new bioethics paradigm in the 1970s and 1980s, supporting a patient-led rebellion against medical paternalism. Finally, Baker reflects on moral relativism, arguing that the acceptance of “absolute” moral truths denies us the diversity of moral perspectives that permit us to alter our morality in response to changing environments.

Elements of Moral Cognition

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Author : John Mikhail
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521855780
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

Book Synopsis Elements of Moral Cognition by : John Mikhail

Download or read book Elements of Moral Cognition written by John Mikhail and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-13 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Mikhail explores whether moral psychology is usefully modelled on aspects of Universal Grammar.

Universal Human Rights

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Author : David A. Reidy
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742548619
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (486 download)

Book Synopsis Universal Human Rights by : David A. Reidy

Download or read book Universal Human Rights written by David A. Reidy and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2005 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal Human Rights brings new clarity to the important and highly contested concept universal human rights. The Charter of the United Nations commits nearly all nations of the world to promote, to realize and take action to achieve human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, yet this formal consensus masks an underlying confusion about the philosophical basis and practical implications of rights in a world made up of radically different national communities. This collection of essays explores the foundations of universal human rights in four sections devoted to their nature, application, enforcement and limits, concluding that shared rights help to constitute a universal human community, which supports local customs and separate state sovereignty. Rights protect the benefits of cultural diversity, while recognizing the universal dignity that every human life deserves. The eleven contributors to this volume demonstrate from their very different perspectives how human rights can help to bring moral order to an otherwise divided world.

The Elements of Moral Philosophy

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Author : James Rachels
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780877224051
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (24 download)

Book Synopsis The Elements of Moral Philosophy by : James Rachels

Download or read book The Elements of Moral Philosophy written by James Rachels and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socrates said that moral philosophy deals with 'no small matter, but how we ought to live'. Beginning with a minimum conception of what morality is, the author offers discussions of the most important ethical theories. He includes treatments of such topics as cultural relativism, ethical subjectivism, psychological egoism, and ethical egoism.

Wild Minds

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Author : Marc Hauser
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780805056709
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (567 download)

Book Synopsis Wild Minds by : Marc Hauser

Download or read book Wild Minds written by Marc Hauser and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2001-03 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... an essential examination of how animals assemble the basic tool kit that we call the mind: the ability to count, to navigate, to recognize individuals, to communicate, and to socialize."--Jacket.

Moral Imagination

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Author : Mark Johnson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022622323X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

Book Synopsis Moral Imagination by : Mark Johnson

Download or read book Moral Imagination written by Mark Johnson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using path-breaking discoveries of cognitive science, Mark Johnson argues that humans are fundamentally imaginative moral animals, challenging the view that morality is simply a system of universal laws dictated by reason. According to the Western moral tradition, we make ethical decisions by applying universal laws to concrete situations. But Johnson shows how research in cognitive science undermines this view and reveals that imagination has an essential role in ethical deliberation. Expanding his innovative studies of human reason in Metaphors We Live By and The Body in the Mind, Johnson provides the tools for more practical, realistic, and constructive moral reflection.

The Righteous Mind

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Author : Jonathan Haidt
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307455777
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

Book Synopsis The Righteous Mind by : Jonathan Haidt

Download or read book The Righteous Mind written by Jonathan Haidt and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The acclaimed social psychologist challenges conventional thinking about morality, politics, and religion in a way that speaks to conservatives and liberals alike—a “landmark contribution to humanity’s understanding of itself” (The New York Times Book Review). Drawing on his twenty-five years of groundbreaking research on moral psychology, Jonathan Haidt shows how moral judgments arise not from reason but from gut feelings. He shows why liberals, conservatives, and libertarians have such different intuitions about right and wrong, and he shows why each side is actually right about many of its central concerns. In this subtle yet accessible book, Haidt gives you the key to understanding the miracle of human cooperation, as well as the curse of our eternal divisions and conflicts. If you’re ready to trade in anger for understanding, read The Righteous Mind.

The Moral Landscape

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Author : Sam Harris
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 143917122X
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

Book Synopsis The Moral Landscape by : Sam Harris

Download or read book The Moral Landscape written by Sam Harris and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.