The New Model Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download The New Model Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781333322007
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Model Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : Henry Holmes Belfield

Download or read book The New Model Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by Henry Holmes Belfield and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The New Model Arithmetic Fifteen million nine hundred four thousand sixty. Eighty billion ninety million forty thousand twenty. One hundred ten billion five million. Sixteen trillion thirty-two billion two hundred twenty nine million eight hundred thousand ten. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Revised Model Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download The Revised Model Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780260042125
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Revised Model Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : Henry Holmes Belfield

Download or read book The Revised Model Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by Henry Holmes Belfield and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Revised Model Elementary Arithmetic It has been the aim to present as much of arithmetic in this book as is taught in the best schools during the second. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Graded Work in Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download Graded Work in Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780266462651
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (626 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graded Work in Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : S. W. Baird

Download or read book Graded Work in Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by S. W. Baird and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Graded Work in Arithmetic The model solutions given for the written work are so simple and clear that they can be understood Without difficulty by young pupils. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Model Elementary Arithmetic

Download The Model Elementary Arithmetic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780266952008
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Model Elementary Arithmetic by : Alfred Kirk

Download or read book The Model Elementary Arithmetic written by Alfred Kirk and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Model Elementary Arithmetic: Including Oral and Written Exercises The treatment of each number includes the four processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and recognizes the fact that they are intimately and naturally connected, and that one operation may be said to include all the others, for all the Operations are only the comparison of numbers, one with another. They are, in fact, different methods of reading the same general relation of numbers, thus: is read 4 and 4 equals 8; 2x4=8 is read 2 times 4 equals 8; 4 is read 4 less 2 equals 2; and 4 is read 2 is contained in 4, twice, or 2 can be taken twice from 4, or 2 is one-half of 4. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Graded Work in Arithmetic

Download Graded Work in Arithmetic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780266488279
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (882 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graded Work in Arithmetic by : S. W. Baird

Download or read book Graded Work in Arithmetic written by S. W. Baird and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Graded Work in Arithmetic: Second Year; Numbers to 100 If a boy has 1 cent in his right hand and 2 cents in his left hand, he has in both hands 1 cent and 2 cents, or 3 cents. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The New Advanced Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download The New Advanced Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780265382448
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (824 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Advanced Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : John Williston Cook

Download or read book The New Advanced Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by John Williston Cook and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The New Advanced Arithmetic A number of changes have been thought desirable in the plan of The New Advanced Arithmetic; all of them, however, are intended to recognize the latest and best phases of class-room. Work in arithmetic. Some of these changes - more particularly those in the early part of the book - have been necessary the better to relate the Advanced book of the Series to the Elementary book, which has at the same time undergone revision. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Advanced Arithmetic

Download Advanced Arithmetic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781021961129
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Arithmetic by : Elmer Adelbert Lyman

Download or read book Advanced Arithmetic written by Elmer Adelbert Lyman and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to the intricacies of advanced arithmetic, covering topics such as logarithms, series, and progressions. Lyman's clear and concise explanations make this a valuable resource for students and teachers of mathematics alike. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download The New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780266390084
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : John Williston Cook

Download or read book The New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by John Williston Cook and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The New Elementary Arithmetic The elementary arithmetic is the result of the ex perience of a supervisor of primary schools in a leading American city. Finding it quite impossible to secure satisfactory results by the use of such elementary arith metics as were available, she began the experiment of supplying supplementary material. An effort was made to prepare problems that should be in the highest degree practical, that should develop the subject systematically, and that should appeal constantly to the child's ability to think. The accumulations of several years have been care fully re-examined, re-arranged, and supplemented, and are now presented to the public for its candid consideration. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Complete Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download The Complete Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780656068234
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (682 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Complete Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : Milton Browning Goff

Download or read book The Complete Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by Milton Browning Goff and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Complete Arithmetic BY an experience of over twenty years in the class-room, the author has been convinced of these three things: I. That both in our public schools and academies too many books have been used' and too much time has been spent in the study of Arithmetic. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781528253352
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (533 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : George Wentworth

Download or read book New Elementary Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by George Wentworth and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from New Elementary Arithmetic Each subject is developed by forcing the scholars to approach it logically by means of a series of questions, the answers of Which are easy to discover and probably are known already by the pupils. The utmost pains has been taken to put in the text no words or phrases that might seem hard or confusing to the pupils. The shortest and best method of learning arithmetic is by solving problems. This book contains a great number of examples and problems, Which have been selected and graded With care. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

First Lessons in Geometry

Download First Lessons in Geometry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780282750701
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis First Lessons in Geometry by : Alpheus Crosby

Download or read book First Lessons in Geometry written by Alpheus Crosby and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from First Lessons in Geometry: Upon the Model of Colburn's First Lessons in Arithmetic Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1841, by Alpheus Crosby, in the Clerk's Odies of the District Court of the District of New Hampshire. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

New Commercial Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download New Commercial Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781397192929
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (929 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Commercial Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : John Henry Moore

Download or read book New Commercial Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by John Henry Moore and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from New Commercial Arithmetic Thus, in the number eleven, expressed 11, the second 1 from the right has a value ten times as great as the first 1. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The New Method Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download The New Method Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780484353687
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (536 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Method Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : P. McIntosh

Download or read book The New Method Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by P. McIntosh and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The New Method Arithmetic The New method arithmetic is what its name implies a new method of presenting the subject of practical arithmetic. The authors have not been, inspired by any desire to add one more to the already large number of practical arithmetics that are on the market, but, rather, to turn out a book that will present the subject in a way that must commend itself to every teacher and student. We think it will be conceded that in any branch of education the main idea should be to impress principles, and to so arrange details that the principles are not lost sight of in a confusing mass of detail. Who has not met the boy in school who felt that he was strong on profit and loss, but to whom commission and brokerage was always a difficulty. Is this a fault in the boy or in the system under which he has been instructed We think that the system must shoulder the blame. There is no difference, in a proper arrangement of the study of arithmetic, between profit and loss and commission and brokerage. When we set up these two applica tions of percentage as separate departments of the work, we are simply transgressing a first principle in properly presenting the subject. The detail of profit and loss and commission and broker age is made to overshadow the principle of percentage, of which such work is a mere application. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Model Mental Arithmetic for Public and Private Schools (Classic Reprint)

Download The Model Mental Arithmetic for Public and Private Schools (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780260032850
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (328 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Model Mental Arithmetic for Public and Private Schools (Classic Reprint) by : C. F. R. Bellows

Download or read book The Model Mental Arithmetic for Public and Private Schools (Classic Reprint) written by C. F. R. Bellows and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Model Mental Arithmetic for Public and Private Schools It is from this latter point of view of the subject that the present book has been written. The tendency of the times in the direction of trimming Arithmetic of all matters of doubtful or remote utility, urges a directness of approach and an economy of space in the treatment even of the essentials of the subject. Accordingly, the' scope of Mental Arithmetic as here exhibited stands for a union of the purposes, of Mental Arithmetic, as a means of mental discipline, and as a medium of acquisition of arithmetical knowledge generally agreed upon as indispensable. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The New Arithmetic

Download The New Arithmetic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780265394885
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (948 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Arithmetic by : Seymour Eaton

Download or read book The New Arithmetic written by Seymour Eaton and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The New Arithmetic: Compiled by Three Hundred Prominent Educators and Edited The contributors to the exercises in this book are about three hundred in number. The names of those from whose contri butions I have drawn most largely are adjoined. I am myself responsible for the plan of the work, for the grading, and for a large number of the exercises. Explanations of theory, and other introductory matter, which the teacher should himself provide, I have purposely omitted. I have endeavored to pre pare a pupils' hand-book. The practical character of the exer cises will commend them to all who have at heart the mental development and the business success of their pupils. I have avoided all exercises requiring much labor and affording very little intellectual or practical benefit. The work of the ele mentary departments prepares the pupil for the study of alge bra, geometry, and the higher mathematics, while the more, advanced work prepares him for the active duties of everyday life, and at the same time gives him such mathematical train ing as he may not have time to secure in any other way. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

New Grammar School Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download New Grammar School Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781528053167
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (531 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Grammar School Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : John H. Walsh

Download or read book New Grammar School Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by John H. Walsh and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from New Grammar School Arithmetic Each of the first four chapters of the New Grammar School Arithmetic provides for a half year, beginning with advanced matter, which is followed by a review and an extension of the topics of the preceding grades. Each of the next two chapters (v and VI) contains arithmetic work for a year, which should be supplemented by portions of the algebraic and geometrical material of Chapters VII and VIII. It is recommended that at least a portion of the work in equations of Chapter VII should precede the study of Chapter V. Among the special features of the New Grammar School Arithmetic are the number and the variety of the problems; the systematic reviews, which cover oral and written drill work even in the fundamental Operations; the attention paid to short, direct, business methods of computation; and the Spiral handling of the various topics. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Ray's New Intellectual Arithmetic (Classic Reprint)

Download Ray's New Intellectual Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780265253328
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (533 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ray's New Intellectual Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) by : Joseph Ray

Download or read book Ray's New Intellectual Arithmetic (Classic Reprint) written by Joseph Ray and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Ray's New Intellectual Arithmetic Many important improvements have been introduced, with a design to impart completeness, and give a concise and progressive course of arithmetical analysis. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.