Toward Precision Medicine

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309222222
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward Precision Medicine by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toward Precision Medicine written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-16 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivated by the explosion of molecular data on humans-particularly data associated with individual patients-and the sense that there are large, as-yet-untapped opportunities to use this data to improve health outcomes, Toward Precision Medicine explores the feasibility and need for "a new taxonomy of human disease based on molecular biology" and develops a potential framework for creating one. The book says that a new data network that integrates emerging research on the molecular makeup of diseases with clinical data on individual patients could drive the development of a more accurate classification of diseases and ultimately enhance diagnosis and treatment. The "new taxonomy" that emerges would define diseases by their underlying molecular causes and other factors in addition to their traditional physical signs and symptoms. The book adds that the new data network could also improve biomedical research by enabling scientists to access patients' information during treatment while still protecting their rights. This would allow the marriage of molecular research and clinical data at the point of care, as opposed to research information continuing to reside primarily in academia. Toward Precision Medicine notes that moving toward individualized medicine requires that researchers and health care providers have access to very large sets of health- and disease-related data linked to individual patients. These data are also critical for developing the information commons, the knowledge network of disease, and ultimately the new taxonomy.

Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309124999
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.

Assessing Genetic Risks

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309047986
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing Genetic Risks by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

CyberGenetics

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317368177
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis CyberGenetics by : Anna Harris

Download or read book CyberGenetics written by Anna Harris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Online genetic testing services are increasingly being offered to consumers who are becoming exposed to, and knowledgeable about, new kinds of genetic technologies, as the launch of a 23andme genetic testing product in the UK testifies. Genetic research breakthroughs, cheek swabbing forensic pathologists and celebrities discovering their ancestral roots are littered throughout the North American, European and Australasian media landscapes. Genetic testing is now capturing the attention, and imagination, of hundreds of thousands of people who can not only buy genetic tests online, but can also go online to find relatives, share their results with strangers, sign up for personal DNA-based musical scores, and take part in research. This book critically examines this market of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing from a social science perspective, asking, what happens when genetics goes online? With a focus on genetic testing for disease, the book is about the new social arrangements which emerge when a traditionally clinical practice (genetic testing) is taken into new spaces (the internet). It examines the intersections of new genetics and new media by drawing from three different fields: internet studies; the sociology of health; and science and technology studies. While there has been a surge of research activity concerning DTC genetic testing, particularly in sociology, ethics and law, this is the first scholarly monograph on the topic, and the first book which brings together the social study of genetics and the social study of digital technologies. This book thus not only offers a new overview of this field, but also offers a unique contribution by attending to the digital, and by drawing upon empirical examples from our own research of DTC genetic testing websites (using online methods) and in-depth interviews in the United Kingdom with people using healthcare services.

Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133815
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309162165
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing by : National Research Council

Download or read book Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-16 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, scores of companies, primarily in the United States and Europe, are offering whole genome scanning services directly to the public. The proliferation of these companies and the services they offer demonstrate a public appetite for this information and where the future of genetics may be headed; they also demonstrate the need for serious discussion about the regulatory environment, patient privacy, and other policy implications of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. Rapid advances in genetic research already have begun to transform clinical practice and our understanding of disease progression. Existing research has revealed a genetic basis or component for numerous diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, and several forms of cancer. The availability of the human genome sequence and the HapMap, plummeting costs of high-throughput screening, and increasingly sophisticated computational analyses have led to an explosion of discoveries of linkages between patterns of genetic variation and disease susceptibility. While this research is by no means a straight path toward better public health, improved knowledge of the genetic linkages has the potential to change fundamentally the way health professionals and public health practitioners approach the prevention and treatment of disease. Realizing this potential will require greater sophistication in the interpretation of genetic tests, new training for physicians and other diagnosticians, and new approaches to communicating findings to the public. As this rapidly growing field matures, all of these questions require attention from a variety of perspectives. To discuss some of the foregoing issues, several units of the National Academies held a workshop on August 31 and September 1, 2009, to bring together a still-developing community of professionals from a variety of relevant disciplines, to educate the public and policy-makers about this emerging field, and to identify issues for future study. The meeting featured several invited presentations and discussions on the many technical, legal, policy, and ethical questions that such DTC testing raises, including: (1) overview of the current state of knowledge and the future research trajectory; (2) shared genes and emerging issues in privacy; (3) the regulatory framework; and (4) education of the public and the medical community.

Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309038405
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome by : National Research Council

Download or read book Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing enthusiasm in the scientific community about the prospect of mapping and sequencing the human genome, a monumental project that will have far-reaching consequences for medicine, biology, technology, and other fields. But how will such an effort be organized and funded? How will we develop the new technologies that are needed? What new legal, social, and ethical questions will be raised? Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome is a blueprint for this proposed project. The authors offer a highly readable explanation of the technical aspects of genetic mapping and sequencing, and they recommend specific interim and long-range research goals, organizational strategies, and funding levels. They also outline some of the legal and social questions that might arise and urge their early consideration by policymakers.

Genomics

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Publisher : Millbrook Press
ISBN 13 : 1728411580
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (284 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomics by : Hans C. Andersson, MD

Download or read book Genomics written by Hans C. Andersson, MD and published by Millbrook Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 50 years, scientists have made incredible progress in the application of genetic research to human health care and disease treatment. Innovative tools and techniques, including gene therapy and CRISPR-Cas9 editing, can treat inherited disorders that were previously untreatable, or prevent them from happening in the first place. You can take a DNA test to learn where your ancestors are from. Police officers can use genetic evidence to identify criminals—or innocents. And some doctors are using new medical techniques for unprecedented procedures. Genomics: A Revolution in Health and Disease Discovery delves into the history, science, and ethics behind recent breakthroughs in genetic research. Authors Whitney Stewart and Hans Andersson, MD, present fascinating case studies that show how real people have benefitted from genetic research. Though the genome remains full of mysteries, researchers and doctors are working hard to uncover its secrets and find the best ways to treat patients and cure diseases. The discoveries to come will inform how we target disease treatment, how we understand our health, and how we define our very identities.

Experiencing the New Genetics

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 9780812217209
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiencing the New Genetics by : Kaja Finkler

Download or read book Experiencing the New Genetics written by Kaja Finkler and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2000-02-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiencing the New Genetics will lead scholars and general readers alike to question how far genetic inheritance affects our selves and our future.

Privacy Issues in Biomedical and Clinical Research

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309520967
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Privacy Issues in Biomedical and Clinical Research by : Board on Biology

Download or read book Privacy Issues in Biomedical and Clinical Research written by Board on Biology and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-11-24 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After discussions with the National Cancer Institute and the Department of Energy the Board on Biology of the National Research Council agreed to run a workshop under the auspices of its Forum on Biotechnology entitled "Privacy Issues in Biomedical and Clinical Research" on November 1, 1997. The organizers want to stress the forum was not intended to cover the full gauntlet of issues concerning Genomics and the Privacy of Medical Records. The emphasis of this forum was to look at pending legislation in Congress (Fall, 1997) and consider, if enacted as written, how this would affect genetic research. The broad language of this legislation written to protect the individual could inadvertently restrict research intended to help these same individuals. Scientific progress requires the sharing of information for the validation of results and the dissemination of gained knowledge to be effective. Other issues which were touched upon in this forum but not fully explored include; the trust of individuals involved in genetic studies in the manner their genetic information could be used, the practice of the generalized "linking" of particular ethnic groups with specific genetic traits, and the potential for positive and negative impact on the quality of life by having knowledge of one's genetic potential. These and other issues which have come upon us in the age of genomics require separate, focused efforts to explore their potential effect on society.

Mobilizing Mutations

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022663809X
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Mobilizing Mutations by : Daniel Navon

Download or read book Mobilizing Mutations written by Daniel Navon and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With every passing year, more and more people learn that they or their young or unborn child carries a genetic mutation. But what does this mean for the way we understand a person? Today, genetic mutations are being used to diagnose novel conditions like the XYY, Fragile X, NGLY1 mutation, and 22q11.2 Deletion syndromes, carving out rich new categories of human disease and difference. Daniel Navon calls this form of categorization “genomic designation,” and in Mobilizing Mutations he shows how mutations, and the social factors that surround them, are reshaping human classification. Drawing on a wealth of fieldwork and historical material, Navon presents a sociological account of the ways genetic mutations have been mobilized and transformed in the sixty years since it became possible to see abnormal human genomes, providing a new vista onto the myriad ways contemporary genetic testing can transform people’s lives. Taking us inside these shifting worlds of research and advocacy over the last half century, Navon reveals the ways in which knowledge about genetic mutations can redefine what it means to be ill, different, and ultimately, human.

Heritable Human Genome Editing

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309671132
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Heritable Human Genome Editing by : The Royal Society

Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Mapping Humanity

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Publisher : BenBella Books
ISBN 13 : 1950665259
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Mapping Humanity by : Joshua Z. Rappoport

Download or read book Mapping Humanity written by Joshua Z. Rappoport and published by BenBella Books. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A good companion for those with a science background interested in learning more about human genetics." —Booklist Thanks to the popularity of personal genetic testing services, it's now easier than ever to get information about our own unique DNA—but who does this information really benefit? And, as genome editing and gene therapy transform the healthcare landscape, what do we gain—and what might we give up in return? Inside each of your cells is the nucleus, a small structure that contains all of the genetic information encoded by the DNA inside, your genome. Not long ago, the first human genome was sequenced at a cost of nearly $3 billion; now, this same test can be done for about $1,000. This new accessibility of genome sequence information creates huge potential for advances in how we understand and treat disease, among other things. It also raises significant concerns regarding ethics and personal privacy. In Mapping Humanity: How Modern Genetics Is Changing Criminal Justice, Personalized Medicine, and Our Identities, cellular biology expert Joshua Z. Rappoport provides a detailed look at how the explosion in genetic information as a result of cutting-edge technologies is changing our lives and our world. Inside, discover: • An in-depth look at how your personal genome creates the unique individual that you are • How doctors are using DNA sequencing to identify the underlying genetic causes of disease • Why the field of gene therapy offers amazing potential for medical breakthroughs—and why it's taking so long • The fantastic potential—and troubling concerns—surrounding genome editing • The real impact—and validity—of popular personal genetic testing products, such as 23andMe • Details of how molecular biology and DNA are changing the criminal justice system • Facts you should know about Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Throughout, in compelling, accessible prose, Rappoport explores the societal, ethical, and economic impacts of this new era. Offering a framework for balancing the potential risks and benefits of genetic information technologies and genetic engineering, Mapping Humanity is an indispensable guide to navigating the possibilities and perils of our gene-centric future.

Anthropology and the New Genetics

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521855721
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropology and the New Genetics by : Gísli Pálsson

Download or read book Anthropology and the New Genetics written by Gísli Pálsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-02 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad, fresh perspective on how genetic research redefines what it means to be human.

Human Genes and Genomes

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123852137
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Genes and Genomes by : Leon E. Rosenberg

Download or read book Human Genes and Genomes written by Leon E. Rosenberg and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-05-21 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the nearly 60 years since Watson and Crick proposed the double helical structure of DNA, the molecule of heredity, waves of discoveries have made genetics the most thrilling field in the sciences. The study of genes and genomics today explores all aspects of the life with relevance in the lab, in the doctor's office, in the courtroom and even in social relationships. In this helpful guidebook, one of the most respected and accomplished human geneticists of our time communicates the importance of genes and genomics studies in all aspects of life. With the use of core concepts and the integration of extensive references, this book provides students and professionals alike with the most in-depth view of the current state of the science and its relevance across disciplines. - Bridges the gap between basic human genetic understanding and one of the most promising avenues for advances in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human disease - Includes the latest information on diagnostic testing, population screening, predicting disease susceptibility, pharmacogenomics and more - Explores ethical, legal, regulatory and economic aspects of genomics in medicine - Integrates historical (classical) genetics approach with the latest discoveries in structural and functional genomics

Medical Genetics

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Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071819282
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Genetics by : G. Bradley Schaefer

Download or read book Medical Genetics written by G. Bradley Schaefer and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete introductory text on how to integrate basic genetic principles into the practice of clinical medicine Medical Genetics is the first text to focus on the everyday application of genetic assessment and its diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive implications in clinical practice. It is intended to be a text that you can use throughout medical school and refer back to when questions arise during residency and, eventually, practice. Medical Genetics is written as a narrative where each chapter builds upon the foundation laid by previous ones. Chapters can also be used as stand-alone learning aids for specific topics. Taken as a whole, this timely book delivers a complete overview of genetics in medicine. You will find in-depth, expert coverage of such key topics as: The structure and function of genes Cytogenetics Mendelian inheritance Mutations Genetic testing and screening Genetic therapies Disorders of organelles Key genetic diseases, disorders, and syndromes Each chapter of Medical Genetics is logically organized into three sections: Background and Systems – Includes the basic genetic principles needed to understand the medical application Medical Genetics – Contains all the pertinent information necessary to build a strong knowledge base for being successful on every step of the USMLE Case Study Application – Incorporates case study examples to illustrate how basic principles apply to real-world patent care Today, with every component of health care delivery requiring a working knowledge of core genetic principles, Medical Genetics is a true must-read for every clinician.

Your Genes, Your Choices

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780871686367
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Your Genes, Your Choices by : Catherine Baker

Download or read book Your Genes, Your Choices written by Catherine Baker and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Program discusses the Human Genome Project, the science behind it, and the ethical, legal and social issues raised by the project.