The Metabolic Challenges Of Immune Cells In Health And Disease

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The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease

Author : Claudio Mauro
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196224
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease by : Claudio Mauro

Download or read book The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease written by Claudio Mauro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and its co-morbidities, including atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and diabetes, are a world-wide epidemic. Inflammatory immune responses in metabolic tissues have emerged as a universal feature of these metabolic disorders. While initial work highlighted the contribution of macrophages to tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, recent studies demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune compartment, including T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells also participate in obesity-induced pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which the innate and adaptive branches of immunity control tissue and systemic metabolism remain poorly understood. To engage in growth and activation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome. This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: growing and activated cells must increase ATP production and acquire or synthesize raw materials, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. To do so, they actively reprogram their intracellular metabolism from catabolic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and other anabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming is under the control of specific signal transduction pathways whose underlying molecular mechanisms and relevance to physiology and disease are subject of considerable current interest and under intense study. Recent reports have elucidated the physiological role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage and T cell activation and differentiation, B- and dendritic cell biology, as well as in the crosstalk of immune cells with endothelial and stem cells. It is also becoming increasingly evident that alterations of metabolic pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the scientific distance between immunologists and experts in metabolism (e.g., clinicians and biochemists), however, there has been limited cross-talk between these communities. This collection of articles aims at promoting such cross-talk and accelerating discoveries in the emerging field of immunometabolism.

The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease by :

Download or read book The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and its co-morbidities, including atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and diabetes, are a world-wide epidemic. Inflammatory immune responses in metabolic tissues have emerged as a universal feature of these metabolic disorders. While initial work highlighted the contribution of macrophages to tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, recent studies demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune compartment, including T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells also participate in obesity-induced pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which the innate and adaptive branches of immunity control tissue and systemic metabolism remain poorly understood. To engage in growth and activation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome. This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: growing and activated cells must increase ATP production and acquire or synthesize raw materials, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. To do so, they actively reprogram their intracellular metabolism from catabolic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and other anabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming is under the control of specific signal transduction pathways whose underlying molecular mechanisms and relevance to physiology and disease are subject of considerable current interest and under intense study. Recent reports have elucidated the physiological role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage and T cell activation and differentiation, B- and dendritic cell biology, as well as in the crosstalk of immune cells with endothelial and stem cells. It is also becoming increasingly evident that alterations of metabolic pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the scientific distance between immunologists and experts in metabolism (e.g., clinicians and biochemists), however, there has been limited cross-talk between these communities. This collection of articles aims at promoting such cross-talk and accelerating discoveries in the emerging field of immunometabolism.

Immune Metabolism in Health and Tumor

Author : Bin Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402411704
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Immune Metabolism in Health and Tumor by : Bin Li

Download or read book Immune Metabolism in Health and Tumor written by Bin Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad overview of the concepts and research findings in immunometabolism. The immune system is made up of numerous different cell types, pathways, and components that must be able to respond rapidly to a pathogen or cancer, but must also remain quiescent in the absence of challenges. Immune cells rely on metabolic pathways to adapt to changing environments and stimuli. Additionally, these cells can be modified in function or fate by fluctuations in available nutrients. The chapters in this book describe ways in which immune cells utilize and are regulated by metabolic pathways. Topics include how immune-cell metabolism shapes immune homeostasis, and how dysregulation of these pathways can lead to immune disorders. In different contexts, such as a tumor microenvironment, immune-cell function and identity may be modified not only by cytokines and checkpoint molecules, but also by nutrient availability and other metabolic stimuli. Transcriptional reprogramming confers many of the changes in immune cell metabolism that are seen when a T-cell, for example, undergoes activation or functional adaptation to different environments. Lastly, immune cells can destructively or protectively participate in human metabolic homeostasis or disorders. This book summarizes immune-metabolism from a variety of different perspectives, including the ways in which metabolic cues, pathways, and requirements of immune cells change in conditions of homeostasis and activation. The exploration of the significance of metabolic checkpoints and other cues, particularly in the context of cancer and immune disorders, may form the foundation for the development of therapeutics.

Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space

Author : Alexander Choukèr
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030169960
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space by : Alexander Choukèr

Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space

Author : Alexander Chouker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642222722
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space by : Alexander Chouker

Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Chouker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-20 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress of either psychological or physical nature can activate and/or paralyse humans’ innate and adaptive immunity. However, adequate immunity is crucial to the maintenance of health on earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology and health are challenged by complex environmental stressors which might be at their most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. While previous publications have addressed the physiological changes that occur during space flight, this book goes further, by adopting an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the complex interaction of living conditions in space, the immune system, and astronauts’ health. It is explained how such analysis of the consequences of stress for the immune system may help in preventing, diagnosing, and counteracting immune-related alterations in health on earth as well as in space

Interactions Between Immune Cells and Lipid Metabolism During a Chronic Parasitic Infection

Author : Samuel Erik Redford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions Between Immune Cells and Lipid Metabolism During a Chronic Parasitic Infection by : Samuel Erik Redford

Download or read book Interactions Between Immune Cells and Lipid Metabolism During a Chronic Parasitic Infection written by Samuel Erik Redford and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolism is central to maintaining health and homeostasis during all challenges a mammal may face. This is true for infections as well and the field of immunometabolism has emerged for determining how metabolism influences the immune system during disease. Lipids are a major source of carbon and energy for cells while having been found to influence immune cells in a variety of systems. Here we explore novel roles for triglycerides through the interactions of adaptive immune and adipose tissue along with fatty acid utilization in myeloid cells. This dissertation describes original work demonstrating how adaptive immune system leads to sickness-induced anorexia and fat wasting. We found that fat wasting was dependent on lipolysis and that this fat wasting had no impact on inflammation within the adipose tissue. Further, we found that the fat wasting and sickness-induced anorexia are likely linked and CD4+ T cells are necessary to mediate both processes. Surprisingly, these metabolic perturbations do not have any tangible benefit to the host and preventing them did not change parasitemia or survival. Indeed, we found that CD4+ T cells were entirely dispensable in the infection, with mice lacking these immune cells surviving as long as wild type mice with similar parasitemia. Only B cells seemed necessary for mediating survival and parasitemia in wild type mice and CD8+ T cells were detrimental to survival. When looking specifically at lipid utilization in myeloid cells rather than lipid availability, we found beta oxidation in myeloid cells is detrimental to survival. There were no differences between knockout mice and wild type mice in parasitemia, indicating that immunopathology caused by the myeloid cells likely contributes to death and knocking out beta oxidation may alleviate the immunopathology. We found a slight rescue in anemia in the knockout mice, which is a major contributor for host death during a T. brucei infection. Thus, we have found novel roles for the adaptive immune system in mediating fat wasting and surprisingly this increase in lipid availability led to no difference in health while also finding a novel role for beta oxidation in myeloid cells for decreasing tolerance in the host. This work expands upon our understanding of how lipids availability is influenced by immune cells and how lipid utilization impacts health during a disease.

Janeway's Immunobiology

Author : Kenneth Murphy
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 9780815344575
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy

Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.

Exercise Immunology

Author : Bente Klarlund Pedersen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781570594205
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (942 download)

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Book Synopsis Exercise Immunology by : Bente Klarlund Pedersen

Download or read book Exercise Immunology written by Bente Klarlund Pedersen and published by . This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cancer as a Metabolic Disease

Author : Thomas Seyfried
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118310306
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Cancer as a Metabolic Disease by : Thomas Seyfried

Download or read book Cancer as a Metabolic Disease written by Thomas Seyfried and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-18 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses controversies related to the origins of cancer and provides solutions to cancer management and prevention. It expands upon Otto Warburg's well-known theory that all cancer is a disease of energy metabolism. However, Warburg did not link his theory to the "hallmarks of cancer" and thus his theory was discredited. This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies, that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requring metabolic solutions for its management and prevention. Support for this position is derived from critical assessment of current cancer theories. Brain cancer case studies are presented as a proof of principle for metabolic solutions to disease management, but similarities are drawn to other types of cancer, including breast and colon, due to the same cellular mutations that they demonstrate.

Innate Immunity in Health and Disease

Author : Shailendra K. Saxena
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838807659
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Innate Immunity in Health and Disease by : Shailendra K. Saxena

Download or read book Innate Immunity in Health and Disease written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on various aspects and properties of innate immunity, whose deep understanding is integral for safeguarding the human race from further loss of resources and economies due to innate immune response-mediated diseases. Throughout this book, we examine the individual mechanisms by which the innate immune response acts to protect the host from pathogenic infectious agents and other non-communicable diseases. Written by experts in the field, the volume discusses the significance of macrophages in infectious disease, tumor metabolism, and muscular disorders. Chapters cover such topics as the fate of differentiated macrophages and the molecular pathways that are important for the pathologic role of macrophages.

Metabolic Health

Author : Josie Smythe-Rivers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781689636537
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Health by : Josie Smythe-Rivers

Download or read book Metabolic Health written by Josie Smythe-Rivers and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing metabolic health is complex, and it requires the right information about diet, nutrition, exercise, sleep, and the body's natural tendency to default to its highest weight due to insulin resistance and powerful evolutionary factors. This guide provides you with the current science and research on metabolic health including insulin resistance, blood sugar, prediabetes and diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and weight management/weight loss.This introductory book in the Metabolic Health Publication series also outlines how this group of inexpensive, accessible books provides you with a series of pragmatic solutions to metabolic health problems rooted in high blood sugar and insulin resistance, including weight problems. Written by an historian of science, the Metabolic Health Publications series addresses*Metabolic syndrome*Reversing prediabetes and diabetes*burning glucose and burning fat (keto diet)*Reversing high blood pressure, high "bad" cholesterol, and high triglycerides*Reversing insulin resistance*Achieving permanent weight loss through improved metabolic health, not fad diets, supplements, or calorie-restricting diets*Improving metabolic nutrition through easily-available food staples, food timing, and food combinations* How to regain metabolic health through a complex, nutrient-dense, low-carb diet*Accessible ways to engage in functional exercise, resistance training, and HIIT *How to ensure macronutrient and micronutrient dietary balance in order to improve insulin sensitivity and weight loss* Importance of stress reduction in relation to blood sugar and weight management* How sleep deprivation affects blood sugar and weight* The HbA1c test (its purpose and limitations), fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity testing* Importance of fiber and fat in the diet*Microbiome health in relation insulin resistance/high blood sugar* How and why specific fats improve metabolic health This guide includes a description of each book in the Metabolic Health Publication series.

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309173183
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

The Innate Immune Response to Noninfectious Stressors

Author : Massimo Amadori
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128019743
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Innate Immune Response to Noninfectious Stressors by : Massimo Amadori

Download or read book The Innate Immune Response to Noninfectious Stressors written by Massimo Amadori and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Innate Immune Response to Non-infectious Stressors: Human and Animal Models highlights fundamental mechanisms of stress response and important findings on how the immune system is affected, and in turn affects such a response. In addition, this book covers the crucial link between stress response and energy metabolism, prompts a re-appraisal of some crucial issues, and helps to define research priorities in this fascinating, somehow elusive field of investigation. - Provides insights into the fundamental homeostatic processes vis-à-vis stressors to help in investigation - Illustrates the depicted tenets and how to offset them against established models of response to physical and psychotic stressors in both animals and humans - Covers the crucial issue of the immune response to endocrine disruptors - Includes immunological parameters as reporter system of environmental adaptation - Provides many illustrative examples to foster reader understanding

The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism

Author : Anne Le
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331977736X
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism by : Anne Le

Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of the Cell by :

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Human Stress and Immunity

Author : Ronald Glaser
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483295125
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Human Stress and Immunity by : Ronald Glaser

Download or read book Handbook of Human Stress and Immunity written by Ronald Glaser and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1964, George Solomon coined the term psychoneuroimmunology. In the intervening 30 years, this term has emerged into a dynamic field of study which investigates the unique interactions between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The Handbook of Human Stress and Immunity is a comprehensive reference for this dynamic new field. Focusing on how stressors impact the central nervous system and the resulting changes in immune responses, the Handbook is the first to describehow stress specifically affects human immune systems. It discusses how stress generally makes people more susceptible to infection, how personal support systems can counteract the physiological effects of stress, and how stress, or lack of stress, affects the aging process. Chapters are authored by the leading names in the field and cover such diseases as autoimmune disease, viral pathogenesis, herpes, HIV, and AIDS.

Osteoimmunology

Author : Yongwon Choi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038772009X
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoimmunology by : Yongwon Choi

Download or read book Osteoimmunology written by Yongwon Choi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Key Regulator of Postnatal Skeletal Remodeling.- Ectodomain Shedding of Receptor Activator of NF-KB Ligand.- The Negative Role Of Ids In Osteoclastogenesis.- Functional Genetic and Genomic Analysis of Modeled Arthritis.- Dexamethsone Suppresses Bone Formation via the Osteoclast.- Immunologic Regulation Of Bone Development.- Pth Regulates The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche In Bone.- Regulation Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells In The Osteoblastic Niche.- The Chemokine Cxcl12 And Regulation Of Hsc And Lymphocyte Development In The Bone Marrow Niche.- Osteoclast Precursor Cells.- Interaction with estrogen receptors as treatment of arthritis and osteoporosis.- Novel Signaling Pathways And Therapeutic Targets In Osteoclasts.- The Enigmatic Function of TREM-2 in Osteoclastogenesis.- Role of cell-matrix interactions in osteoclast differentiation.- Positive and negative roles of IL-6, STAT3 and SOCS3 in inflammatory arthritis.- Control of Osteoclast activity and bone loss by IKK subunits: new targets for therapy.- Targeting Osteoporosis And Rheumatoid Arthritis By Active Vaccination Against Rankl.- RANKL Inhibition: From Mice to Men (and Women).