The Mediterranean Air War

Download The Mediterranean Air War full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Mediterranean Air War ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945

Author : Christopher Shores
Publisher : Grub Street Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1910690678
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 by : Christopher Shores

Download or read book A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 written by Christopher Shores and published by Grub Street Publishers. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume in the epic military aviation series focuses on the Allied invasion of North Africa during World War II. This work of WWII history takes us to November 1942 to explain the background of the first major Anglo-American venture: Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa. Describing the fratricidal combat that followed the initial landings in Morocco and Algeria, it then considers the unsuccessful efforts to reach northern Tunisia before the Germans and Italians could get there to forestall the possibility of an attack from the west on the rear of the Afrika Korps forces, then beginning their retreat from El Alamein. The six months of hard fighting that followed, as the Allies built up the strength of their joint air forces and gradually wrested control of the skies from the Axis, are recounted in detail. The continuing story of the Western Desert Air Force is told, as it advanced from the east to join hands with the units in the west. Also covered are the arrivals over the front of American pilots and crew, the P-38 Lightning, the Spitfire IX, and the B-17 Flying Fortress—and of the much-feared Focke-Wulf Fw 190. The aerial activities over Tunisia became one of the focal turning points of World War II, yet are frequently overlooked by historians. Here, the air-sea activities, the reconnaissance flights, and the growing day and night bomber offensives are examined in detail.

A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945. Volume 2

Author : Christopher Shores
Publisher : Grub Street Publishing
ISBN 13 : 191069097X
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945. Volume 2 by : Christopher Shores

Download or read book A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945. Volume 2 written by Christopher Shores and published by Grub Street Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-19 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume in the seminal series on aerial combat, pilots, and tactics in Libya and Egypt in the middle of World War II. In volume two of this series, historian Christopher Shores begins by exploring the 8th Army’s movements after Operation Crusader when they were forced back to the Gazala area in northeastern Libya, as well as their defeat in June, 1942, the loss of Tobruk, and the efforts of Allied air forces to protect their retreating troops. Shores continues with the heavy fighting that followed in the El Alamein region. This features the Western Desert Air Force and the arrival of the first Spitfires. The buildup of both army and air forces and the addition of new commanders on the ground aided the defeat of Rommel’s Deutsche Afrika Korps at Alam el Halfa, after which came the Second Battle of El Alamein. With the arrival of the United States Army Air Force, the Allied air forces gained dominance over the Axis. Shores recounts the lengthy pursuit of the Italo-German forces right across Libya, including the capture of Tripoli and the breakthrough into Southern Tunisia. This allowed a linkup with other Allied forces in Tunisia (whose story appears in Volume 3). Included with the action are stories of some of the great fighter aces of the Desert campaign such as Jochen Marseille and Otto Schulz of the Luftwaffe, Franco Bordoni-Bisleri of the Regia Aeronautica and Neville Duke, Billy Drake, and “Eddie” Edwards of the Commonwealth air forces. Finally, Shores touches on the Allied and Axis night bombing offensives and the activities of the squadrons cooperating with the naval forces in the Mediterranean.

A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945

Author : Christopher Shores
Publisher : Grub Street Publishers
ISBN 13 : 190980875X
Total Pages : 962 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 by : Christopher Shores

Download or read book A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 written by Christopher Shores and published by Grub Street Publishers. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume in the seminal series on World War II aerial combat, pilots, and tactics that “reads like an encyclopedia on the subject” (Portland Book Review). In the early days of World War II, both Allied and Axis powers extended the theater of war to North Africa, where hard-fought battles were conducted in the harsh desert. But before anyone could claim victory on the ground, they had to hold dominion in the air. Here, historian Christopher Shores has combined his books Fighters over the Desert and Fighters over Tunisia into one volume, as well as adding updated information about the deadly fighter aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft, and maritime units active in the Mediterranean. Full of in-depth research and featuring essential maps, this is “an intimate introspection by these men of their experiences and the respect that they shared not only for each other but also their adversaries” (The Military Reviewer).

A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945

Author : Christopher Shores
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1911621785
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 by : Christopher Shores

Download or read book A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 written by Christopher Shores and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth volume in the comprehensive series “fills a gap in the existing narrative” of WWII’s Mediterranean air war (Journal of Military History). The fourth volume in this momentous series commences with the attacks on the Italian island fortress of Pantellaria, which led to its surrender and occupation achieved almost by air attack alone. The account continues with the ultimately successful, but at times very hard fought, invasions of Sicily and southern Italy as burgeoning Allied air power, now with full US involvement, increasingly dominated the skies overhead. The successive occupations of Sardinia and Corsica are also covered in detail. This is essentially the story of the tactical air forces up to the point when Rome was occupied, just at the same time as the Normandy landings were occurring in northwest France. With regards to the long-range tactical role of the Allied heavy bombers, only the period from May to October is examined, while they remained based in North Africa, with the narrative continuing in a future volume. This volume also delves into the story of “the soldiers’ air force.” Frequently overshadowed by more immediate newsworthy events elsewhere, the soldiers’ struggle was often of an equally Homeric nature. “No future publication on the Mediterranean air war will be credible without use of this series.” —Air Power History

A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940-1945, Volume 5

Author : Christopher Shores
Publisher : Grub Street Publishing
ISBN 13 : 191166767X
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940-1945, Volume 5 by : Christopher Shores

Download or read book A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940-1945, Volume 5 written by Christopher Shores and published by Grub Street Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This international collaboration between air war historians is simply fantastic. . . . a deep-dive on the operations in a vast and very important theater of war.” —Air Classics During the final year of World War II, the defending Axis forces were steadily driven from southern skies by burgeoning Anglo-American power. This was despite the steady withdrawal of units to more demanding areas. This fifth volume of the series describes in detail the activities of the Allied tactical air forces in support of the armies on the ground as their opponents were steadily extracted from northern Italy and the Balkans for the final defense of the central European homeland. The book commences with coverage of the final fierce air-sea battles over the Aegean that preceded the advance northward to Rome and the ill-conceived British attempt to secure the Dodecanese islands following the armistice with Italy. The authors also deal fully and comprehensively with the advance northward following the occupation of Rome, and the departure of forces to support the invasion of France from the Riviera coast, coupled with the formation of a new Balkan Air Force in eastern Italy to pursue the German armies withdrawing from Yugoslavia and take possession of newly freed Greece. The effect of the creation within the same area of the US and RAF strategic forces to join the Allied Combined Bombing Offensive is also discussed. Includes photographs “Reflects the scope of a remarkable research effort and provides valuable detail that the reader is not going to find between two covers elsewhere.” —The NYMAS Review

The Mediterranean Air War

Author : Robert S. Ehlers, Jr.
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700620753
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Mediterranean Air War by : Robert S. Ehlers, Jr.

Download or read book The Mediterranean Air War written by Robert S. Ehlers, Jr. and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without what the Allies learned in the Mediterranean air war in 1942–1944, the Normandy landings—and so, perhaps, the Second World War II—would have ended differently. This is one of many lessons of The Mediterranean Air War, the first one-volume history of the vital role of airpower during the three-year struggle for control of the Mediterranean Basin in World War II—and of its significance for the Allied successes in the war's last two years. Airpower historian Robert S. Ehlers opens his account with an assessment of the pre-war Mediterranean theater, highlighting the ways in which the players' strategic choices, strengths, and shortcomings set the stage for and ultimately shaped the air campaigns over the Middle Sea. Beginning with the Italian invasion of Abyssinia, Ehlers reprises the developing international crisis—initially between Britain and Italy, and finally encompassing France, Germany, the US, other members of the British Commonwealth, and the Balkan countries. He then explores the Mediterranean air war in detail, with close attention to turning points, joint and combined operations, and the campaign's contribution to the larger Allied effort. In particular, his analysis shows how and why the success of Allied airpower in the Mediterranean laid the groundwork for combined-arms victories in the Middle East, the Indian Ocean area, North Africa, and the Atlantic, northwest Europe. Of grand-strategic importance from the days of Ancient Rome to the Great-Power rivalries of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Middle Sea was no less crucial to the Allied forces and their foes. Here, in the successful offensives in North Africa in 1942 and 1943, the US and the British learned to conduct a coalition air and combined-arms war. Here, in Sicily and Italy in 1943 and 1944, the Allies mastered the logistics of providing air support for huge naval landings and opened a vital second aerial front against the Third Reich, bombing critical oil and transportation targets with great effectiveness. The first full examination of the Mediterranean theater in these critical roles—as a strategic and tactical testing ground for the Allies and as a vital theater of operations in its own right—The Mediterranean Air War fills in a long-missing but vital dimension of the history of World War II.

Taranto

Author : David Hobbs
Publisher : Seaforth Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1526793849
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Taranto by : David Hobbs

Download or read book Taranto written by David Hobbs and published by Seaforth Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If you only read one book on the development of the Fleet Air Arm and Naval air warfare in the Mediterranean during World War 2 then this should be it.” —Military Historical Society After the Italian declaration of war in June 1940, the Royal Navy found itself facing a larger and better-equipped Italian surface fleet, large Italian and German air forces equipped with modern aircraft and both Italian and German submarines. Its own aircraft were a critical element of an unprecedented fight on, over and under the sea surface. The best-known action was the crippling of the Italian fleet at Taranto, which demonstrated how aircraft carriers and their aircraft had replaced the dominance of battleships, but every subsequent operation is covered from the perspective of naval aviation. Some of these, like Matapan or the defense of the “Pedestal” convoy to Malta, are famous but others in support of land campaigns and in the Aegean after the Italian surrender are less well recorded. In all these, the ingenuity and innovation of the Fleet Air Arm shines through—Taranto pointed the way to what the Japanese would achieve at Pearl Harbor, while air cover for the Salerno landings demonstrated the effectiveness of carrier-borne fighters in amphibious operations, a tactic adopted by the US Navy. The author’s years of archival research together with his experience as a carrier pilot allow him to describe and analyze the operations of naval aircraft in the Mediterranean with unprecedented authority. This provides the book with novel insights into many familiar facets of the Mediterranean war while for the first time doing full justice to the Fleet Air Arm’s lesser known achievements. “A full and fascinating story.” —Clash of Steel

The North African Air Campaign

Author : Christopher M. Rein
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700618783
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The North African Air Campaign by : Christopher M. Rein

Download or read book The North African Air Campaign written by Christopher M. Rein and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1942, Axis forces controlled almost the entire southern shore of the Mediterranean. Less than a year later, they had been swept from the African continent-thanks in no small part to efforts of the fledgling U.S. Army Air Force. Indeed, USAAF in North Africa emerged as a senior partner in the Alliance, supplying aircraft and crews at a rate the other partners were unable to match. Going beyond the spare analysis of North African air operations in previous accounts, Christopher Rein shows how American fighter planes and heavy bombers, employed in almost exclusively tactical and operational roles, played a pivotal role in the Alliance's successful ground campaigns. This aerial armada also had a significant negative impact on enemy logistics through its bombing raids on Axis ports, shipping, and airfields. In the process, USAAF helped foster and develop a pattern of inter-service cooperation that remains at the foundation of American close-air-support doctrine today. Rein chronicles the emergence of USAAF in the late interwar and early WWII periods as a more heterogeneous and creative fighting force than earlier works have led us to believe. He then analyzes little-known aspects of the war, including early air operations in the eastern Mediterranean and in the TORCH landings. He explores some of the key issues confronting Eisenhower, such as how to establish USAAF priorities and how to deploy long-range bombers, fighters, and attack forces. In describing the struggle for balance in the employment of air assets between strategic bombing and interdiction in a time fraught with inter-service rivalry, he shows how, despite occasional mistakes such as the heavy losses involved in the Ploesti raids, USAAF struck a suitable balance and even invested more assets in interdiction than traditional accounts of strategic bombardment would suggest. A virtual operational-level history of the USAAF during the formative period of American airpower, Rein's account pulls together material from diverse sources to demonstrate that today's Air Force emphasis on mobility, intelligence, reconnaissance, and close support for ground forces have deep roots. By showing that the Army Air Force in World War II did not neglect support for ground and naval forces in order to concentrate exclusively on strategic bombing, it suggests lessons for military and civilian leaders in the employment of air forces in current and future conflicts.

A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940-1945

Author : Giovanni Massimello
Publisher : History of the Mediterranean A
ISBN 13 : 9781910690000
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940-1945 by : Giovanni Massimello

Download or read book A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940-1945 written by Giovanni Massimello and published by History of the Mediterranean A. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume in this series returns to November 1942 to explain the background to the first major Anglo-American venture - Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa. It deals with the fratricidal combats which followed the initial landings in Morocco and Algeria for several days. It then considers the efforts made - unsuccessfully in the event - to reach northern Tunisia before the Germans and Italians could get there to forestall the possibility of an attack from the west on the rear of the Afrika Korps forces, then beginning their retreat from El Alamein. The six months of hard fighting which followed as the Allies built up the strength of their joint air forces and gradually wrested control of the skies from the Axis, are covered in detail. Then from 1 April 1943 the continuing story of the Western Desert Air Force is told from the point at which Volume 2 ended, as it advanced from the east to join hands with the units in the west. Now also described are the arrivals over the front of American pilots and crew, the P-38 Lightning, the Spitfire IX and the B-17 Flying Fortress - and of the much-feared Focke-Wulf FW 190. The aerial activities over Tunisia became one of the focal turning points of World War II, yet this is frequently overlooked by historians. As before, the air-sea activities, the reconnaissance flights and the growing day and night bomber offensives form a major part of this volume. The mastery of the whole African coastline of the southern Mediterranean by the Allies prepared the way for the invasions of the European territories on the other side of this critical sea during 1943, which will be dealt with in Volume 4.

Malta 1940–42

Author : Ryan K. Noppen
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472820614
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Malta 1940–42 by : Ryan K. Noppen

Download or read book Malta 1940–42 written by Ryan K. Noppen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1940, the strategically vital island of Malta was Britain's last toehold in the central Mediterranean, wreaking havoc among Axis shipping. Launching an air campaign to knock Malta out of the war, first Italy and then Germany sought to force a surrender or reduce the defences enough to allow an invasion. Drawing on original documents, multilingual aviation analyst Ryan Noppen explains how technical and tactical problems caused the original Italian air campaign of 1940–41 to fail, and then how the German intervention came close to knocking Malta out of the war. Using stunning full colour artwork, this fascinating book explains why the attempt by the Axis powers to take the British colony of Malta ultimately failed.

Combat Over the Mediterranean

Author : Chris Goss
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473889456
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Combat Over the Mediterranean by : Chris Goss

Download or read book Combat Over the Mediterranean written by Chris Goss and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on an extremely rare collection of photographs taken by the camera guns of Bristol Beaufighters deployed on ground-attack and anti-shipping operations, this book will form a rare indeed unique view of what it was like to fly dangerous strike missions against German and Italian forces over North Africa and the Mediterranean between 1942 and 1945.Despite being reformed in the UK in November 1940 as Coastal Commands first Beaufighter squadron, 252 Squadron, which also operated Bristol Blenheims until April 1941, was destined to spend most of its service in North Africa and the Mediterranean before being disbanded in Greece in December 1946.One of the squadrons commanding officers, Wing Commander DOB Butler, DFC, had the foresight to keep perfect examples of the many thousands of gun camera stills taken by the Beaufighter pilots under his command. As a result, he has preserved a remarkable history of the air and sea war in the Mediterranean from October 1942 to May 1945. These dramatic stills show attacks against German and Italian aircraft, Axis warships and merchant men, harbors and other targets on what are now popular holiday destinations such as Rhodes, Naxos and Kos and across the Greek Islands, the Aegean and Ionian Seas.This book will be based around these remarkable and spectacular photographs and will include full details of key missions and the crews who participated, with information drawn from Squadron records and combat reports.

The Path to Victory

Author : Douglas Porch
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780374529765
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (297 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Path to Victory by : Douglas Porch

Download or read book The Path to Victory written by Douglas Porch and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2004 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean theater in World War II has long been overlooked by historians who believe it was little more than a string of small-scale battles--sideshows that were of minor importance in a war whose outcome was decided in the clashes of mammoth tank armies in northern Europe. But in this ground-breaking new book, one of our finest military historians argues that the Mediterranean was World War II's pivotal theater. Douglas Porch examines the Mediterranean as an integrated arena, one in which events in Syria and Suez influenced the survival of Gibraltar. Without a Mediterranean alternative, the Western Allies would probably have committed to a premature cross-Channel invasion in 1943 that might well have cost them the war. Brilliantly argued, with vivid portraits of Churchill, Montgomery, FDR, Rommel, and Mussolini, this original, accessible, and compelling account of a little-known theater emphasizes the importance of the Mediterranean in the ultimate Allied victory in Europe in World War II.

Dust Clouds in the Middle East

Author : Christopher F. Shores
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781898697374
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (973 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Dust Clouds in the Middle East by : Christopher F. Shores

Download or read book Dust Clouds in the Middle East written by Christopher F. Shores and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Campaign history covering the early war years in the Mediterranean.

Pictorial History of the Mediterranean Air War: RAF 1943-45

Author : Christopher F. Shores
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780711003828
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pictorial History of the Mediterranean Air War: RAF 1943-45 by : Christopher F. Shores

Download or read book Pictorial History of the Mediterranean Air War: RAF 1943-45 written by Christopher F. Shores and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Carl A. Spaatz and the Air War in Europe

Author : Richard G. Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Carl A. Spaatz and the Air War in Europe by : Richard G. Davis

Download or read book Carl A. Spaatz and the Air War in Europe written by Richard G. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first detailed examination of the career of the highest-ranking U.S. Army Air Forces officer in Europe during World War II.

How the War Was Won

Author : Phillips Payson O'Brien
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 131623973X
Total Pages : 655 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (162 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis How the War Was Won by : Phillips Payson O'Brien

Download or read book How the War Was Won written by Phillips Payson O'Brien and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World War II is usually seen as a titanic land battle, decided by mass armies, most importantly those on the Eastern Front. Phillips Payson O'Brien shows us the war in a completely different light. In this compelling new history of the Allied path to victory, he argues that in terms of production, technology and economic power, the war was far more a contest of air and sea than of land supremacy. He shows how the Allies developed a predominance of air and sea power which put unbearable pressure on Germany and Japan's entire war-fighting machine from Europe and the Mediterranean to the Pacific. Air and sea power dramatically expanded the area of battle and allowed the Allies to destroy over half of the Axis' equipment before it had even reached the traditional 'battlefield'. Battles such as El Alamein, Stalingrad and Kursk did not win World War II; air and sea power did.

The Desert Air War 1940-1943

Author : Anthony Tucker-Jones
Publisher : Pen & Sword Military
ISBN 13 : 9781526711083
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Desert Air War 1940-1943 by : Anthony Tucker-Jones

Download or read book The Desert Air War 1940-1943 written by Anthony Tucker-Jones and published by Pen & Sword Military. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war in air over North Africa and the Mediterranean during the Second World War has long been overshadowed by the battle on the ground. Between 1940 and 1943 Italy's Regia Aeronautica and then Germany's Luftwaffe waged a concerted aerial campaign against the British, yet apart from the bitter fight for Malta, this aspect of the conflict is rarely given the attention it deserves. Anthony Tucker-Jones, in this vivid photographic history, provides a fascinating introduction to it. The wartime photographs, and the concise text, cover the entire course of the struggle in the air. The Regia Aeronautica at first met weak British opposition when Mussolini launched his ill-advised offensive against British-controlled Egypt, but the obsolete Italian aircraft proved to be no match for the Allied fighters once the strength of the Royal Air Force built up. Then, when Hitler stepped in to help his hapless ally, the aerial struggle intensified, and the air forces of both sides were locked in deadly combat in the skies over Egypt, Libya, the Mediterranean and Tunisia. The wide range of Italian, British, German and American aircraft involved, the air and ground crews from all sides, and the conditions in which they operated and fought are all shown in this varied selection of photographs.