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The Macro Financing Of Natural Hazards In Developing Countries
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Book Synopsis The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors propose a financial model to address the design of efficient risk financing strategies against natural disasters at the country level. It is simple enough to shed analytical light on some of the key issues but flexible and realistic enough to provide some quantitative guidance on the ex ante financing of catastrophic losses. The risk financing problem is decomposed into two steps. First, the resource gap, defined as the difference between losses and available ex-post resources (such as post-disaster aid), is identified. It determines the losses to be financed by ex ante financial instruments (reserves, catastrophe insurance, and contingent debt). Second, the cost-minimizing financial arrangements are derived from the marginal costs of the financial instruments. The model is solved through a series of graphical analyses that make this complex financial problem easier to apprehend. This model captures and explains the main impacts of financial parameters (such as insurance premium, cost of capital) on efficient risk financing structures.
Book Synopsis The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors propose a financial model to address the design of efficient risk financing strategies against natural disasters at the country level. It is simple enough to shed analytical light on some of the key issues but flexible and realistic enough to provide some quantitative guidance on the ex ante financing of catastrophic losses. The risk financing problem is decomposed into two steps. First, the resource gap, defined as the difference between losses and available ex-post resources (such as post-disaster aid), is identified. It determines the losses to be financed by ex ante financial instruments (reserves, catastrophe insurance, and contingent debt). Second, the cost-minimizing financial arrangements are derived from the marginal costs of the financial instruments. The model is solved through a series of graphical analyses that make this complex financial problem easier to apprehend. This model captures and explains the main impacts of financial parameters (such as insurance premium, cost of capital) on efficient risk financing structures.
Book Synopsis The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries by : Olivier Mahul
Download or read book The Macro Financing of Natural Hazards in Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors propose a financial model to address the design of efficient risk financing strategies against natural disasters at the country level. It is simple enough to shed analytical light on some of the key issues but flexible and realistic enough to provide some quantitative guidance on the ex ante financing of catastrophic losses. The risk financing problem is decomposed into two steps. First, the resource gap, defined as the difference between losses and available ex-post resources (such as post-disaster aid), is identified. It determines the losses to be financed by ex ante financial instruments (reserves, catastrophe insurance, and contingent debt). Second, the cost-minimizing financial arrangements are derived from the marginal costs of the financial instruments. The model is solved through a series of graphical analyses that make this complex financial problem easier to apprehend. This model captures and explains the main impacts of financial parameters (such as insurance premium, cost of capital) on efficient risk financing structures.
Book Synopsis Understanding the economic and financial impacts of natural disasters by : Charlotte Benson
Download or read book Understanding the economic and financial impacts of natural disasters written by Charlotte Benson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing by : Francis Ghesquiere
Download or read book Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing written by Francis Ghesquiere and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private investors can. This paper discusses the general economic theory in the case of developing countries. The analysis identifies several cases where the government's risk-neutral assumption does not hold, thus making rational the use of ex ante risk financing instruments, including sovereign insurance. The paper discusses the optimal level of sovereign insurance. It argues that, because sovereign insurance is usually more expensive than post-disaster financing, it should mainly cover immediate needs, while long-term expenditures should be financed through post-disaster financing (including ex post borrowing and tax increases). In other words, sovereign insurance should not aim at financing the long-term resource gap, but only the short-term liquidity need.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters by : Charlotte Benson
Download or read book Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters written by Charlotte Benson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disaster prevention and mitigation are integral to development activities. In February 2000, the World Bank's Disaster Management Facility initiated a three-year study on the economic and financial consequences of natural disasters with the support of the U.K. Department for International Development.
Book Synopsis Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries by : J. David Cummins
Download or read book Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries written by J. David Cummins and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries' provides a detailed analysis of the imperfections and inefficiencies that impede the emergence of competitive catastrophe risk markets in developing countries. The book demonstrates how donors and international financial institutions can assist governments in middle- and low-income countries in promoting effective and affordable catastrophe risk financing solutions. The authors present guiding principles on how and when governments, with assistance from donors and international financial institutions, should intervene in catastrophe insurance markets. They also identify key activities to be undertaken by donors and institutions that would allow middle- and low-income countries to develop competitive and cost-effective catastrophe risk financing strategies at both the macro (government) and micro (household) levels. These principles and activities are expected to inform good practices and ensure desirable results in catastrophe insurance projects. 'Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries' offers valuable advice and guidelines to policy makers and insurance practitioners involved in the development of catastrophe insurance programs in developing countries.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498346839 Total Pages :31 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Large Natural Disasters--Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries by : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Download or read book Large Natural Disasters--Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) and Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) are valuable components of the disaster risk financing tool kit for Fund members, especially developing countries. They help to meet urgent balance of payments needs, and are designed to play a catalytic role in mobilizing other external financing. This paper develops proposals for a higher annual access limit under the RCF and RFI, building on a November 2016 staff paper on small states’ resilience to natural disasters and climate change (IMF, 2016c). Directors generally supported the proposal in that paper to establish higher annual access limits of 60 percent of quota under the RCF and RFI for countries experiencing severe natural disaster-related damages. The focus of this paper is to specify the threshold of damage from a natural disaster that would allow members experiencing urgent balance of payments needs arising from such disasters to access emergency financing at the higher annual limit. In the November 2016 paper, staff proposed, among other things, the possibility of establishing a higher access limit under the RCF and RFI where the amount of damage reached the threshold of 30 percent of GDP. Most Directors regarded the proposed threshold of disaster damage as overly restrictive, and suggested lowering the threshold to 20 percent of GDP or lower, provided that this did not jeopardize the self-sustainability of the PRGT. For a range of future disaster outcomes, a damage threshold of 20 percent of GDP could increase projected annual average PRGT loan demand in the 1-5 percent range over the next decade, which should not pose significant risks to the robustness of PRGT self-sustainability. Cautious stewardship of PRGT resources argues against a lower disaster damage threshold, pending further experience with disaster trends and associated PRGT loan demand. This paper does not propose changes to the current cumulative access limits for the RCF and RFI. The cumulative access limits play an important role in the Fund’s financing architecture, constraining the extent to which countries can access Fund resources without implementing a Fund-supported program with upper credit tranche (UCT) conditionality and associated policies in circumstances where such a program would be more appropriate. The Board will have the opportunity to review the cumulative access limits in the context
Book Synopsis The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters by : Debarati Guha-Sapir
Download or read book The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters written by Debarati Guha-Sapir and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work combines research and empirical evidence on the economic costs of disasters with theoretical approaches. It provides new insights on how to assess and manage the costs and impacts of disaster prevention, mitigation, recovery and adaption, and much more.
Book Synopsis Natural Disasters by : Ms.Nicole Laframboise
Download or read book Natural Disasters written by Ms.Nicole Laframboise and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the literature on the macroeconomic impact of natural disasters and presents the IMF’s role in assisting countries coping with natural catastrophes. Focusing on seven country cases, the paper describes the emergency financing, policy support, and technical assistance provided by the Fund to help governments put together a policy response or build a macro framework to lay the foundation for recovery and/or unlock other external financing. The literature and experience suggests there are ways to strengthen policy frameworks to increase resilience to natural disaster shocks, including identifying the risks and probability of natural disasters and integrating them more explicitly into macro frame-works, increasing flexibility within fiscal frameworks, and improving coordination amongst international partners ex post and ex ante.
Book Synopsis Natural Disaster Risk Management and Financing Disaster Losses in Developing Countries by : Reinhard Mechler
Download or read book Natural Disaster Risk Management and Financing Disaster Losses in Developing Countries written by Reinhard Mechler and published by Verlag Versicherungswirtschaft. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural disasters may cause large economic impacts and impede socioeconomic development in developing countries considerably. Increasingly, risk management, the management of disasters before the actual occurrence of events, is being advocated. Risk financing measures taken by national governments, such as insurance und reinsurance, are important components of a risk management strategy. Often developing countries are not able to finance the costs of relief and reconstruction by their own means and have to rely on the international donor community as their "reinsurer of last resort". The main objective of the book is to establish a platform to provide information on the costs caused by disasters and the costs and benefits of disaster risk management focusing on ex-ante risk financing measures taken governments in developing countries. The final objective is to provide insight into the specific conditions where risk financing may constitute an option that provides net benefits and increases social welfare. The modelling using a stochastic simulation approach incorporates probabilistic information on the direct losses due to natural disasters into a macroeconomic projection model. Outputs are macroeconomic flow impacts such as impacts on GPD. In order to analyze the costs and benefits due to undertaking risk management measures, a Cost-Benefit Analysis approach is employed using the mean-variance method. Two case studies are conducted on countries with different exposures to disaster risk and different economic vulnerabilities: Honduras and Argentina. A major insight derived from the case studies is that under certain conditions risk financing arrangements may decrease the vulnerability to natural hazards resulting in more robust development in developing economics.
Book Synopsis Natural Hazards, Unnatural Disasters by : United Nations
Download or read book Natural Hazards, Unnatural Disasters written by United Nations and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A combination of case studies, data on many scales, and application of economic principles...[this report] provides an understanding of the relative roles of the market, government intervention, and social institutions in determining and improving both the prevention and the response to hazardous occurrences."-Kenneth J. Arrow, Nobel Prize in Economics, 1972
Book Synopsis The Macro-Fiscal Aftermath of Weather-Related Disasters: Do Loss Dimensions Matter? by : Mrs.Kerstin Gerling
Download or read book The Macro-Fiscal Aftermath of Weather-Related Disasters: Do Loss Dimensions Matter? written by Mrs.Kerstin Gerling and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weather-related natural disasters and climate change pose interrelated macro-fiscal challenges. Using panel-VARX studies for a sample of 19 countries in Developing Asia during 1970 to 2015, this paper contributes new empirical evidence on the dynamic adjustment path of growth and key fiscal variables after severe weather-related disasters. It does not only show that output loss can be permanent, but even twice as large for cases of severe casualties or material damages than people affected. Meanwhile, key fiscal aggregates remain surprisingly stable. Event and case studies suggest that this can reflect both a deliberate policy choice or binding constraints. The latter can make governments respond through mitigating fiscal policy efforts such as ad hoc fiscal rebalancing and reprioritization. The findings help better customize disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts to countries’ risk exposure along a particular loss dimension.
Book Synopsis Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing by : Francis Ghesquiere
Download or read book Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing written by Francis Ghesquiere and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private investors can. This paper discusses the general economic theory in the case of developing countries. The analysis identifies several cases where the government's risk-neutral assumption does not hold, thus making rational the use of ex ante risk financing instruments, including sovereign insurance. The paper discusses the optimal level of sovereign insurance. It argues that, because sovereign insurance is usually more expensive than post-disaster financing, it should mainly cover immediate needs, while long-term expenditures should be financed through post-disaster financing (including ex post borrowing and tax increases). In other words, sovereign insurance should not aim at financing the long-term resource gap, but only the short-term liquidity need.
Book Synopsis Rapid Onset Natural Disasters by : Eugene Gurenko
Download or read book Rapid Onset Natural Disasters written by Eugene Gurenko and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gurenko and Lester provide a conceptual framework for designing a comprehensive risk management strategy for rapid onset natural disasters at the country level, with a particular emphasis on the role of catastrophe loss funding. The authors discuss the key policy and technical issues involved in building financially sustainable catastrophe risk transfer and funding programs in disaster prone countries and their links to risk mitigation. They also deal with the cognitive and political economy issues that are likely to arise and ways to accommodate them. This paper--a product of the Financial Sector Operations and Policy Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to develop modern risk management approaches at the country level.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Insurance by : Eugene N. Gurenko
Download or read book Climate Change and Insurance written by Eugene N. Gurenko and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change brings about a new set of major economic risks arising from changing weather patterns, extreme weather events and rising sea levels. Most at risk are developing countries who, despite considerable post-disaster donor aid, have been bearing the major brunt of disaster-related losses. One adaptation solution that is rapidly gaining the support of countries and international donors is a risk transfer to the global reinsurance and capital markets.This volume, a special issue of the journal Climate Policy, explores the role that insurance-based mechanisms can play in helping developing countries prepare for climate change. It offers a unique and comprehensive perspective on the potential role of insurance solutions in global adaptation to climate change and attempts to engender debate on the role of insurance in reducing global emissions and encouraging climate-friendly corporate behaviour.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :149832102X Total Pages :55 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Building Resilience in Developing Countries Vulnerable to Large Natural Disasters by : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Download or read book Building Resilience in Developing Countries Vulnerable to Large Natural Disasters written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses how countries vulnerable to natural disasters can reduce the associated human and economic cost. Building on earlier work by IMF staff, the paper views disaster risk management through the lens of a three-pillar strategy for building structural, financial, and post-disaster (including social) resilience. A coherent disaster resilience strategy, based on a diagnostic of risks and cost-effective responses, can provide a road map for how to tackle disaster related vulnerabilities. It can also help mobilize much-needed support from the international community.
