The Lost Airman

Download The Lost Airman PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1592409296
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (924 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Lost Airman by : Seth Meyerowitz

Download or read book The Lost Airman written by Seth Meyerowitz and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the story of a World War II American Air Force turret-gunner who was one of two escapees when his team's plane was shot down near Cognac in 1943, tracing his harrowing six-month flight to safety across the Pyrenees under constant pursuit by the Gestapo.

Lost Airmen

Download Lost Airmen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1684512824
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (845 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lost Airmen by : Charles E. Stanley

Download or read book Lost Airmen written by Charles E. Stanley and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late in 1944, thirteen U.S. B-24 bomber crews bailed from their cabins over the Yugoslavian wilderness. Bloodied and disoriented after a harrowing strike against the Third Reich, the pilots took refugee with the Partisan underground. But the Americans were far from safety. Holed up in a village barely able to feed its citizens, encircled by Nazis, and left abandoned after a team of British secret agents failed to secure their escape, the airmen were left with little choice. It was either flee or be killed. In The Lost Airmen, Charles Stanely Jr. unveils the shocking true story of his father, Charles Stanely-and the eighteen brave soldiers he journeyed with for the first time. Drawing on over twenty years of research, dozens of interviews, and previously unpublished letters, diaries, and memoirs written by the airmen, Stanley recounts the deadly journey across the blizzard-swept Dinaric Alps during the worst winter of the Twentieth Century-and the heroic men who fought impossible odds to keep their brothers in arms alive.

Soaring to Glory

Download Soaring to Glory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1621579522
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (215 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soaring to Glory by : Philip Handleman

Download or read book Soaring to Glory written by Philip Handleman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is a masterpiece. It captures the essence of the Tuskegee Airmen's experience from the perspective of one who lived it. The action sequences make me feel I'm back in the cockpit of my P-51C 'Kitten'! If you want to know what it was like fighting German interceptors in European skies while winning equal opportunity at home, be sure to read this book!" —Colonel Charles E. McGee, USAF (ret.) former president, Tuskegee Airmen Inc. “All Americans owe Harry Stewart Jr. and his fellow airmen a huge debt for defending our country during World War II. In addition, they have inspired generations of African American youth to follow their dreams.” —Henry Louis Gates Jr., Alphonse Fletcher University Professor, Harvard University He had to sit in a segregated rail car on the journey to Army basic training in Mississippi in 1943. But two years later, the twenty-year-old African American from New York was at the controls of a P-51, prowling for Luftwaffe aircraft at five thousand feet over the Austrian countryside. By the end of World War II, he had done something that nobody could take away from him: He had become an American hero. This is the remarkable true story of Lt. Col. Harry Stewart Jr., one of the last surviving Tuskegee Airmen pilots who experienced air combat during World War II. Award-winning aviation writer Philip Handleman recreates the harrowing action and heart-pounding drama of Stewart’s combat missions, including the legendary mission in which Stewart downed three enemy fighters. Soaring to Glory also reveals the cruel injustices Stewart and his fellow Tuskegee Airmen faced during their wartime service and upon return home after the war. Stewart’s heroism was not celebrated as it should have been in postwar America—but now, his boundless courage and determination will never be forgotten.

Airman

Download Airman PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Disney Electronic Content
ISBN 13 : 1423132084
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (231 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Airman by : Eoin Colfer

Download or read book Airman written by Eoin Colfer and published by Disney Electronic Content. This book was released on 2009-11-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conor Broekhart was born to fly. It is the 1890s, and Conor and his family live on the sovereign Saltee Islands, off the Irish coast. Conor spends his days studying the science of flight with his tutor and exploring the castle with the king's daughter, Princess Isabella. But the boy's idyllic life changes forever the day he discovers a deadly conspiracy against the king.

The Lost Airman

Download The Lost Airman PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1592409725
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (924 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Lost Airman by : Seth Meyerowitz

Download or read book The Lost Airman written by Seth Meyerowitz and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable, untold story of World War II American Air Force turret-gunner Staff Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, who was shot down over Nazi-occupied France and evaded Gestapo pursuers for more than six months before escaping to freedom. Bronx-born top turret-gunner Arthur Meyerowitz was one of only two crewmen who escaped death or immediate capture on the ground, when their plane was shot down near Cognac, France, in 1943. After fleeing the wreck, Arthur knocked on the door of an isolated farmhouse, whose owners hastily took him in. Fortunately, his hosts had a tight connection to the French resistance group Morhange and its founder, Marcel Taillandier, who arranged for Arthur’s transfers among safe houses in southern France, shielding him from the Gestapo. Based on recently declassified material, exclusive personal interviews, and extensive research into the French Resistance, The Lost Airman tells the tense and riveting story of Arthur’s hair-raising journey to freedom—a true story of endurance, perseverance, and escape during World War II. INCLUDES PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAP

Lost Eagles

Download Lost Eagles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472117521
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lost Eagles by : Blaine Pardoe

Download or read book Lost Eagles written by Blaine Pardoe and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVThe first biography of the man who created the way we look for airmen downed in combat behind enemy lines/div

Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free

Download Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 0823274403
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free by : Alexander Jefferson

Download or read book Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free written by Alexander Jefferson and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free is a rare gift detailing the experience of Lt. Col. Alexander Jefferson, who was one of 32 Tuskegee Airmen from the 332nd Fighter Group to be shot down defending a country that considered them to be second-class citizens. In this vividly detailed, deeply personal story, Jefferson writes as a genuine American hero about what it meant to be an African American pilot in enemy hands, fighting to protect the promise of freedom. The book features the sketches, drawings, and other illustrations Jefferson created during his nine months as a POW, and Lewis Carlson’s authoritative background on the man, his unit, and the fight Alexander Jefferson fought so well. This revised edition covers the story of Jefferson’s continuing outreach and education work, as he brings the story of the Tuskegee Airmen to communities and schools across the country, and the presentation of the Congressional Gold Medal to the Airmen in 2007. Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free is perhaps the only account of the African American experience in a German prison camp.

The Airmen and the Headhunters

Download The Airmen and the Headhunters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HMH
ISBN 13 : 0547416067
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Airmen and the Headhunters by : Judith M. Heimann

Download or read book The Airmen and the Headhunters written by Judith M. Heimann and published by HMH. This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A true story of downed B-24s in Japanese-occupied Borneo and a native tribe that “makes us—like the airmen—rethink our definitions of civilized and savage” (Entertainment Weekly). November 1944: Their B-24 bomber shot down on what should have been an easy mission off the Borneo coast, a scattered crew of Army airmen cut themselves loose from their parachutes—only to be met by loincloth-wearing natives silently materializing out of the mountainous jungle. Would these Dayak tribesmen turn the starving airmen over to the hostile Japanese occupiers? Or would the Dayaks risk vicious reprisals to get the airmen safely home in a desperate game of hide-and-seek? A cinematic survival story featuring a bamboo airstrip built on a rice paddy, a mad British major, and a blowpipe-wielding army that helped destroy one of the last Japanese strongholds, The Airmen and the Headhunters is also a gripping tale of wartime heroism unlike any other you have read.

Tuskegee Airman Fighter Pilot

Download Tuskegee Airman Fighter Pilot PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781425147327
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (473 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tuskegee Airman Fighter Pilot by : Patrick C. Coggins

Download or read book Tuskegee Airman Fighter Pilot written by Patrick C. Coggins and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book honors the Tuskegee Airmen, known as "Red Tails" who never lost escorted bombers during World War II. These decorated African American pilots overcame the prejudicial report of the 1925 War Department Study that concluded" Blacks cannot fly a complex airplane." Eleanor Roosevelt who was flown by a Black pilot dispelled these myths along with the success of the fighter pilots in the war. Two issues are clarified: 1) who is considered an Original Tuskegee Airman? 2) The difference between the two experiments, namely, the Tuskegee Experiment involving the study of Syphilis and the Tuskegee Pilot Experience. This personal account of a Tuskegee pilot provides insights into the struggles of the pilots in the 1940's. Six values anchored their success, namely, intellectual attainment, collective responsibility, creativity, faith, overcoming fear and determination. The unique timelines from 1861 to 2007 enables the reader to decipher the events leading up to the Tuskegee Pilot training and the achievements during and after the war culminating with each pilot receiving Honorary Doctorate degree from Tuskegee University and being awarded the coveted Congressional Gold Medal by President Bush. This book documents Lt. Col. Hiram Mann's progress from a bellman at a Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio to studying romance languages at Philander Smith College and becoming a pilot in the 99th Pursuit Squadron and the 332nd Fighter Group. Insights are provided about these pilots fighting the enemy in Europe only to return to a segregated military and civilian life.

"Gone with the Wind," He Said

Download

Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1493162527
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (931 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis "Gone with the Wind," He Said by : Michael I. Darter

Download or read book "Gone with the Wind," He Said written by Michael I. Darter and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the search for my MIA brother Eugene F. Darter, who, just after meeting his baby brother on a pillow, flew off to Nazi-occupied Europe and vanished on his first bombing mission over Germany. My investigation began with a random Internet search on his fifty-seventh birthday on January 3, 2000, that quickly resulted in the miraculous discovery of one of his crewmates who found him badly shot and collapsed in a pool of blood in their shattered and burning B-17. Along the path of discovery were some amazing miracles, including discovering his surviving crew and their families, what happened to his two other MIA crewmates, pieces of his bomber on the beach a few days before a long planned memorial, and most importantly, eyewitnesses who saw crew members captured by the Nazis on a Dutch island. However, the greatest discovery was an eyewitness who saw an American airman come down through the fog and splash down into the sea, crying for help, but then carried away by the fierce wind farther out into the freezing sea beyond reach. "Gone with the wind" was his description of the shocking event unfolding in the stormy sea just in front of him. This book will be of particular interest to many families who have MIAs that number more than eighty-three thousand in America's wars. There is so much information available today on the Internet, in databases, individual researchers in the US and abroad, and in the National Archives for searching for your beloved MIA. There is also a great deal of assistance from the US government, who has many teams in the field every day searching, finding, identifying, and bringing home our hero MIAs.

Misconceptions about the Tuskegee Airmen

Download Misconceptions about the Tuskegee Airmen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 1588385418
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Misconceptions about the Tuskegee Airmen by : Daniel Haulman

Download or read book Misconceptions about the Tuskegee Airmen written by Daniel Haulman and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2023-02-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once an obscure piece of World War II history, the Tuskegee Airmen are now among the most celebrated and documented aviators in military history. With this growth in popularity, however, have come a number of inaccurate stories and assumptions. Misconceptions about the Tuskegee Airmen refutes fifty-five of these myths, correcting the historical record while preserving the Airmen’s rightful reputation as excellent servicemen. The myths examined include: the Tuskegee Airmen never losing a bomber to an enemy aircraft; that Lee Archer was an ace; that Roscoe Brown was the first American pilot to shoot down a German jet; that Charles McGee has the highest total combat missions flown; and that Daniel “Chappie” James was the leader of the “Freeman Field Mutiny.” Historian Daniel Haulman, an expert on the Airmen with many published books on the subject, conclusively disproves these misconceptions through primary documents like monthly histories, daily narrative mission reports, honor-awarding orders, and reports on missing crews, thereby proving that the Airmen were praiseworthy, even without embellishments to their story.

Freedom Flyers

Download Freedom Flyers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199896550
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Freedom Flyers by : J. Todd Moye

Download or read book Freedom Flyers written by J. Todd Moye and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles America's first African American military pilots, who fought againt two enemies, the Axis powers of World War II and Jim Crow racism in the United States.

Vanished

Download Vanished PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1594632863
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (946 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vanished by : Wil S. Hylton

Download or read book Vanished written by Wil S. Hylton and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a mesmerizing storyteller, the gripping search for a missing World War II crew, their bomber plane, and their legacy. In the fall of 1944, a massive American bomber carrying eleven men vanished over the Pacific islands of Palau, leaving a trail of mysteries. According to mission reports from the Army Air Forces, the plane crashed in shallow water—but when investigators went to find it, the wreckage wasn’t there. Witnesses saw the crew parachute to safety, yet the airmen were never seen again. Some of their relatives whispered that they had returned to the United States in secret and lived in hiding. But they never explained why. For sixty years, the U.S. government, the children of the missing airmen, and a maverick team of scientists and scuba divers searched the islands for clues. With every clue they found, the mystery only deepened. Now, in a spellbinding narrative, Wil S. Hylton weaves together the true story of the missing men, their final mission, the families they left behind, and the real reason their disappearance remained shrouded in secrecy for so long. This is a story of love, loss, sacrifice, and faith—of the undying hope among the families of the missing, and the relentless determination of scientists, explorers, archaeologists, and deep-sea divers to solve one of the enduring mysteries of World War II.

332nd Fighter Group

Download 332nd Fighter Group PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781846030444
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis 332nd Fighter Group by : Chris Bucholtz

Download or read book 332nd Fighter Group written by Chris Bucholtz and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAAC's Tuskegee Experiment, designed to prove that African-Americans were not capable of flying combat aircraft, ironically resulted in the creation of one of the USAAF's elite units. Crewed by highly-educated and exceptionally motivated men, the 99th Fighter Squadron, led by Col Benjamin O. Davis (later joined by the 100th, 301st, and 302nd FS to form the 332nd Fighter Group), first flew ground attack missions in P-40s in North Africa and participated in the destruction and surrender of Pantelleria, off Sicily. Later, after the unit was equipped with P-51 Mustangs, the 'Redtails' began flying escort missions deep into Germany. The unit scoreboard boasted 111 aerial kills (including several Me 262 jets), 150 strafing victories, 950 vehicles and railway rolling stock destroyed, and the sinking of a German destroyer by war's end. The group were both feared and respected by the Germans, who called them the "Schwartze Voglemenschen" (Black Birdmen), and revered by others as the "Black Red-tail Angels", partly because of their distinct red-tailed aircraft, and partly because they never lost a bomber under escort to enemy attack (a feat which was unmatched by any other USAAF fighter group in World War II). The pilots of the 332nd FG attribute their success to the discipline instilled by Col Davis, who is reputed to have told them, 'If you lose a bomber, don't bother to come back.' This book will reveal the true story of the unit who rose above discrimination to achieve elite status.

Prisoner of the Swiss

Download Prisoner of the Swiss PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1612005551
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Prisoner of the Swiss by : Daniel Culler

Download or read book Prisoner of the Swiss written by Daniel Culler and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2017-08-19 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A harrowing memoir revealing the horrors that occurred within a little-known prison camp in Switzerland, by a POW who survived it. During WWII, 1,517 members of US aircrews were forced to seek asylum in Switzerland. Most neutral countries found reason to release US airmen from internment, but Switzerland took its obligations under the Hague Convention more seriously than most. The airmen were often incarcerated in local jails, then transferred to prison camps. The worst of these camps was Wauwilermoos, where at least 161 US airmen were sent for the honorable offense of escaping. To this hellhole came Dan Culler, the author of this incredible account of suffering and survival. Prisoners slept on lice-infested straw, were malnourished, and had virtually no hygiene facilities or access to medical care. But worse, the commandant of Wauwilermoos was a diehard Swiss Nazi. He allowed the mainly criminal occupants of the camp to torture and rape Dan Culler with impunity. After many months of such treatment, starving and ravaged by disease, he was finally aided by a British officer. Betrayal dominated his cruel fate—by the American authorities, by the Swiss, and, in a last twist, in a second planned escape that turned out to be a trap. But Dan Culler’s courage and determination kept him alive. Finally making it back home, he found he had been abandoned again. Political expediency meant there was no such place as Wauwilermoos. He had never been there, so he had never been a POW and didn‘t qualify for any POW benefits or medical or mental treatment for his many physical and emotional wounds. His struggle to make his peace with his past forms the final part of the story. An introduction and notes from military historian Rob Morris provide historical background and context, including recent efforts to recognize the suffering of those incarcerated in Switzerland and afford them full POW status.

Death of an Airman

Download Death of an Airman PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DigiCat
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Death of an Airman by : Christopher St. John Sprigg

Download or read book Death of an Airman written by Christopher St. John Sprigg and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "Death of an Airman" by Christopher St. John Sprigg. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.

The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology

Download The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 1603063412
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology by : Daniel Haulman

Download or read book The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology written by Daniel Haulman and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the Tuskegee Airmen, the first African American pilots in American military service, is a complex tapestry with many story threads, such as the training story, the 99th Fighter Squadron story, the 332d Fighter Group Red Tail story, and the 477th Bombardment Group story. One story did not end when another began. The stories unfolded simultaneously. For example, while some Tuskegee Airmen were learning to fly at Tuskegee, others were flying combat missions overseas, while still others were being arrested for resisting segregation at another base. This Tuskegee Airmen Chronology links the stories together, filling a crucial historiographical niche. All the important events in Tuskegee Airmen history are included, such as the graduation of each flying class at Tuskegee Army Air Field, the activation and movement of each Tuskegee Airmen flying unit, the movement to and from each base, the award of each of the 96 Tuskegee Airmen Distinguished Flying Crosses, the achievement of each of the 112 Tuskegee Airmen aerial victories over enemy aircraft, a brief summary of every one of the 312 missions the Tuskegee Airmen flew for the Fifteenth Air Force, all the important Tuskegee Airmen leaders, and when each assumed command of his flying unit, the transition to each new aircraft type, and each Tuskegee Airmen who was shot down, disappeared, was captured, or returned. Readers should find it a unique and valuable tool for understanding and appreciating the varieties of Tuskegee Airmen experience as they distinguished themselves in the air and on the ground and forged new frontiers for equal opportunity. Dr. Dan Haulman the leading authority on the Tuskegee Airmen, a sought-after presenter on the topic. The chronology format is unique and comprehensive; it significantly adds to the published literature about the Airmen. The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology is being released at time of increased interest in Tuskegee Airmen history. The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology: A Detailed Timeline of the Red Tails and Other Black Pilots of World War II provides a unique year-by-year overview of the fascinating story of the Tuskegee Airmen, embracing important events in the formation of the first military training for black pilots in United States history, the phases of their training at various airfields in Tuskegee and elsewhere, their continued training at other bases around the United States, and their deployment overseas, first to North Africa and then to Sicily and Italy. The book is the fifth on the subject by Airmen expert Dr. Daniel Haulman. The Tuskegee Airmen are best known for flying P-47s and red-tailed P-51s to escort B-17 and B-24 bombers deep into enemy territory. Their exemplary performance proved conclusively that given the opportunity and resources black men could fly and fight in combat every bit as well as their white counterparts. They lost fewer bombers than the other fighter groups, and they shot down 112 enemy aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology also includes abundant information on the many Tuskegee Airmen who were not fighter pilots, including B-25 bomber crews who trained in the U.S., and the thousands of Tuskegee Airmen who served as ground support. They fought two enemies, Nazis in Europe and racism at home, and through their dedication and efforts earned a hard-won double victory.