The Long Divergence

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The Long Divergence

Author : Timur Kuran
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400836018
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Divergence by : Timur Kuran

Download or read book The Long Divergence written by Timur Kuran and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-11 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How religious barriers stalled capitalism in the Middle East In the year 1000, the economy of the Middle East was at least as advanced as that of Europe. But by 1800, the region had fallen dramatically behind—in living standards, technology, and economic institutions. In short, the Middle East had failed to modernize economically as the West surged ahead. What caused this long divergence? And why does the Middle East remain drastically underdeveloped compared to the West? In The Long Divergence, one of the world's leading experts on Islamic economic institutions and the economy of the Middle East provides a new answer to these long-debated questions. Timur Kuran argues that what slowed the economic development of the Middle East was not colonialism or geography, still less Muslim attitudes or some incompatibility between Islam and capitalism. Rather, starting around the tenth century, Islamic legal institutions, which had benefitted the Middle Eastern economy in the early centuries of Islam, began to act as a drag on development by slowing or blocking the emergence of central features of modern economic life—including private capital accumulation, corporations, large-scale production, and impersonal exchange. By the nineteenth century, modern economic institutions began to be transplanted to the Middle East, but its economy has not caught up. And there is no quick fix today. Low trust, rampant corruption, and weak civil societies—all characteristic of the region's economies today and all legacies of its economic history—will take generations to overcome. The Long Divergence opens up a frank and honest debate on a crucial issue that even some of the most ardent secularists in the Muslim world have hesitated to discuss.

Before and Beyond Divergence

Author : Jean-Laurent Rosenthal
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674266846
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Before and Beyond Divergence by : Jean-Laurent Rosenthal

Download or read book Before and Beyond Divergence written by Jean-Laurent Rosenthal and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has reemerged as a powerhouse in the global economy, reviving a classic question in economic history: why did sustained economic growth arise in Europe rather than in China? Many favor cultural and environmental explanations of the nineteenth-century economic divergence between Europe and the rest of the world. This book, the product of over twenty years of research, takes a sharply different tack. It argues that political differences which crystallized well before 1800 were responsible both for China’s early and more recent prosperity and for Europe’s difficulties after the fall of the Roman Empire and during early industrialization. Rosenthal and Wong show that relative prices matter to how economies evolve; institutions can have a large effect on relative prices; and the spatial scale of polities can affect the choices of institutions in the long run. Their historical perspective on institutional change has surprising implications for understanding modern transformations in China and Europe and for future expectations. It also yields insights in comparative economic history, essential to any larger social science account of modern world history.

The Great Divergence

Author : Timothy Noah
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1608196348
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Divergence by : Timothy Noah

Download or read book The Great Divergence written by Timothy Noah and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past three decades, America has steadily become a nation of haves and have-nots. Our incomes are increasingly unequal. This steady growing apart is often mentioned as a troubling indicator by scholars and policy analysts, though seldom addressed by politicians. What economics Nobelist Paul Krugman terms "the Great Divergence" has till now been treated as little more than a talking point, a rhetorical club to be wielded in ideological battles. But this Great Divergence may be the most important change in this country during our lifetimes-a drastic, elemental change in the character of American society, and not at all for the better. The inequality gap is much more than a left-right hot potato-its causes and consequences call for a patient, non-partisan exploration. Timothy Noah's The Great Divergence, based on his award-winning series of articles for Slate, surveys the roots of the wealth gap, drawing on the best thinking of contemporary economists and political scientists. Noah also explores potential solutions to the problem, and explores why the growing rich-poor divide has sparked remarkably little public anger, in contrast to social unrest that prevailed before the New Deal. The Great Divergence is poised to be one of the most talked-about books of 2012, a jump-start to the national conversation about the shape of American society in the 21st century, and a work that will help frame the debate in a Presidential election year.

The Great Divergence

Author : Kenneth Pomeranz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691217181
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Divergence by : Kenneth Pomeranz

Download or read book The Great Divergence written by Kenneth Pomeranz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark comparative history of Europe and China that examines why the Industrial Revolution emerged in the West The Great Divergence sheds light on one of the great questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe? Historian Kenneth Pomeranz shows that as recently as 1750, life expectancy, consumption, and product and factor markets were comparable in Europe and East Asia. Moreover, key regions in China and Japan were no worse off ecologically than those in Western Europe, with each region facing corresponding shortages of land-intensive products. Pomeranz’s comparative lens reveals the two critical factors resulting in Europe's nineteenth-century divergence—the fortunate location of coal and access to trade with the New World. As East Asia’s economy stagnated, Europe narrowly escaped the same fate largely due to favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas. This Princeton Classics edition includes a preface from the author and makes a powerful historical work available to new readers.

Rulers, Religion, and Riches

Author : Jared Rubin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110703681X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Rulers, Religion, and Riches by : Jared Rubin

Download or read book Rulers, Religion, and Riches written by Jared Rubin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to explain the political and religious factors leading to the economic reversal of fortunes between Europe and the Middle East.

India, Modernity and the Great Divergence

Author : Kaveh Yazdani
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004330798
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis India, Modernity and the Great Divergence by : Kaveh Yazdani

Download or read book India, Modernity and the Great Divergence written by Kaveh Yazdani and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the reasons behind the Great Divergence. Kaveh Yazdani analyzes India’s socio-economic, techno-scientific, military, political and institutional developments. The focus is on Gujarat between the 17th and early 19th centuries and Mysore during the second half of the 18th century.

The Economies of Imperial China and Western Europe

Author : Patrick Karl O'Brien
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030546144
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economies of Imperial China and Western Europe by : Patrick Karl O'Brien

Download or read book The Economies of Imperial China and Western Europe written by Patrick Karl O'Brien and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-14 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a critical interpretation of a seminal and protracted debate in comparative global economic history. Since its emergence, in now classic publications in economic history between 1997-2000, debate on the divergent economic development that has marked the long-term economic growth of China and Western Europe has generated a vast collection of books and articles, conferences, networks, and new journals as well as intense interest from the media and educated public. O’Brien provides an historiographical survey and critique of Western views on the long-run economic development of the Imperial Economy of China – a field of commentary that stretches back to the Enlightenment. The book’s structure and core argument is concentrated upon an elaboration of, and critical engagement with, the major themes of recent academic debate on the “Great Divergence” and it will be of enormous interest to academics and students of economic history, political economy, the economics of growth and development, state formation, statistical measurements, environmental history, and the histories of science and globalization.

Limits to Globalization

Author : William R. Thompson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135276668
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Limits to Globalization by : William R. Thompson

Download or read book Limits to Globalization written by William R. Thompson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-Cold War era, economic globalization has loomed, at least for some, as the world system's next crisis carrier, creating winners and losers and trampling on the distinctiveness of local cultures. Yet the liberal assumption is that if the market does its job, the poor will catch up to the rich via trade-driven growth and the economies of developed and less developed countries will gradually converge. Investigating the processes of economic globalization, this book explores whether it is truly a "global" process. It examines how globalization is experienced around the world, comparing its intensity and impact in both the global North and South. Using a world systems approach and developing a theoretical analysis that builds on the leadership long-cycle approach to global political economy, this book seeks to dispel some of the myths widely propagated regarding economic development. Through a focus on the issues of technological diffusion, debt, conflict, and democratisation, the authors demonstrate how and why the asymmetries that have characterized the global North and South in the past and present are growing more acute. This important book will be of interest to students and scholars of international political economy, globalisation, international trade and development.

Great Divergence and Great Convergence

Author : Leonid Grinin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331917780X
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Great Divergence and Great Convergence by : Leonid Grinin

Download or read book Great Divergence and Great Convergence written by Leonid Grinin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-09 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new monograph provides a stimulating new take on hotly contested topics in world modernization and the globalizing economy. It begins by situating what is called the Great Divergence--the social/technological revolution that led European nations to outpace the early dominance of Asia--in historical context over centuries. This is contrasted with an equally powerful Great Convergence, the recent economic and technological expansion taking place in Third World nations and characterized by narrowing inequity among nations. They are seen here as two phases of an inevitable global process, centuries in the making, with the potential for both positive and negative results. This sophisticated presentation examines: Why the developing world is growing more rapidly than the developed world. How this development began occurring under the Western world's radar. How former colonies of major powers grew to drive the world's economy. Why so many Western economists have been slow to recognize the Great Convergence. The increasing risk of geopolitical instability. Why the world is likely to find itself without an absolute leader after the end of the American hegemony A work of rare scope, Great Divergence and Great Convergence gives sociologists, global economists, demographers, and global historians a deeper understanding of the broader movement of social and economic history, combined with a long view of history as it is currently being made; it also offers some thrilling forecasts for global development in the forthcoming decades.

Averting a Great Divergence

Author : Peer Vries
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135012169X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Averting a Great Divergence by : Peer Vries

Download or read book Averting a Great Divergence written by Peer Vries and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant debate in global economic history over the past twenty years has dealt with the Great Divergence, the economic gap between different parts of the world. Thus far, this debate has focused on China, India and north-western Europe, particularly Great Britain. This book shifts the focus to ask how Japan became the only non-western county that managed, at least partially, to modernize its economy and start to industrialize in the 19th century. Using a range of empirical data, Peer Vries analyses the role of the state in Japan's economic growth from the Meiji Restoration to World War II, and asks whether Japan's economic success can be attributed to the rise of state power. Asserting that the state's involvement was fundamental in Japan's economic 'catching up', he demonstrates how this was built on legacies from the previous Tokugawa period. In this book, Vries deepens our understanding of the Great Divergence in global history by re-examining how Japan developed and modernized against the odds.

Asia-Africa Development Divergence

Author : David Henley
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1783602805
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Asia-Africa Development Divergence by : David Henley

Download or read book Asia-Africa Development Divergence written by David Henley and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why have South-East Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam been so successful in reducing levels of absolute poverty, while in African countries like Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania, despite recent economic growth, most people are still almost as poor as they were half a century ago? This book presents a simple, radical explanation for the great divergence in development performance between Asia and Africa: the absence in most parts of Africa, and the presence in Asia, of serious developmental intent on the part of national political leaders.

Brazil and the United States

Author : Joseph Smith
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 9780820337333
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis Brazil and the United States by : Joseph Smith

Download or read book Brazil and the United States written by Joseph Smith and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Brazil and the United States have long regarded each other sympathetically, relations between the two countries have been adversely affected by geographical distance, language barriers, and cultural indifference. In this comprehensive overview, Joseph Smith examines the history of Brazil-U.S. relations from the early nineteenth century to the present day. With the exception of commerce, notably the coffee trade, there was relatively little contact between the countries during the nineteenth century. A convergence of national interests took place during the first decade of the twentieth century and was exemplified in Brazil's strategy of "approximating" its foreign policy to that pursued by the United States. In return, Brazil expected economic gains and diplomatic support for its ambition to be the leading power in South America. But U.S. leaders were cautious and self-serving. Brazil was treated as a special ally, according to Smith, but only at times of major crisis such as the two world wars. As the twentieth century progressed, friction developed over programs of U.S. financial assistance and efforts to deal with the threat of communism. Recently there have been disagreements over Brazil's determination to take its rightful place as a global economic player and regional leader. Nonetheless history reveals that these two giant nations of the Western Hemisphere share national interests that they realize are best served by maintaining a friendly, cooperative relationship.

The Betrayal

Author : Kim Christian Priemel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192563742
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Betrayal by : Kim Christian Priemel

Download or read book The Betrayal written by Kim Christian Priemel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of World War II the Allies faced a threefold challenge: how to punish perpetrators of appalling crimes for which the categories of 'genocide' and 'crimes against humanity' had to be coined; how to explain that these had been committed by Germany, of all nations; and how to reform Germans. The Allied answer to this conundrum was the application of historical reasoning to legal procedure. In the thirteen Nuremberg trials held between 1945 and 1949, and in corresponding cases elsewhere, a concerted effort was made to punish key perpetrators while at the same time providing a complex analysis of the Nazi state and German history. Building on a long debate about Germany's divergence from a presumed Western path of development, Allied prosecutors sketched a historical trajectory which had led Germany to betray the Western model. Historical reasoning both accounted for the moral breakdown of a 'civilised' nation and rendered plausible arguments that this had indeed been a collective failure rather than one of a small criminal clique. The prosecutors therefore carefully laid out how institutions such as private enterprise, academic science, the military, or bureaucracy, which looked ostensibly similar to their opposite numbers in the Allied nations, had been corrupted in Germany even before Hitler's rise to power. While the argument, depending on individual protagonists, subject matters, and contexts, met with uneven success in court, it offered a final twist which was of obvious appeal in the Cold War to come: if Germany had lost its way, it could still be brought back into the Western fold. The first comprehensive study of the Nuremberg trials, The Betrayal thus also explores how history underpins transitional trials as we encounter them in today's courtrooms from Arusha to The Hague.

The Great Divergence Reconsidered

Author : Roman Studer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107020549
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Divergence Reconsidered by : Roman Studer

Download or read book The Great Divergence Reconsidered written by Roman Studer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studer shows that institutional, geographical, political, and technological factors account for Europe's rise to undisputed world economic leader.

The Long Road to the Industrial Revolution

Author : J. L. Van Zanden
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004175172
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Road to the Industrial Revolution by : J. L. Van Zanden

Download or read book The Long Road to the Industrial Revolution written by J. L. Van Zanden and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘The Long Road to the Industrial Revolution’ offers a new explanation of the origins of the industrial revolution in Western Europe by placing development in Europe within a global perspective. It focuses on its specific institutional and demographic development since the late Middle Ages, and on the important role played by human capital formation

Islam and Mammon

Author : Timur Kuran
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400837359
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam and Mammon by : Timur Kuran

Download or read book Islam and Mammon written by Timur Kuran and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The doctrine of "Islamic economics" entered debates over the social role of Islam in the mid-twentieth century. Since then it has pursued the goal of restructuring economies according to perceived Islamic teachings. Beyond its most visible practical achievement--the establishment of Islamic banks meant to avoid interest--it has promoted Islamic norms of economic behavior and founded redistribution systems modeled after early Islamic fiscal practices. In this bold and timely critique, Timur Kuran argues that the doctrine of Islamic economics is simplistic, incoherent, and largely irrelevant to present economic challenges. Observing that few Muslims take it seriously, he also finds that its practical applications have had no discernible effects on efficiency, growth, or poverty reduction. Why, then, has Islamic economics enjoyed any appeal at all? Kuran's answer is that the real purpose of Islamic economics has not been economic improvement but cultivation of a distinct Islamic identity to resist cultural globalization. The Islamic subeconomies that have sprung up across the Islamic world are commonly viewed as manifestations of Islamic economics. In reality, Kuran demonstrates, they emerged to meet the economic aspirations of socially marginalized groups. The Islamic enterprises that form these subeconomies provide advancement opportunities to the disadvantaged. By enhancing interpersonal trust, they also facilitate intragroup transactions. These findings raise the question of whether there exist links between Islam and economic performance. Exploring these links in relation to the long-unsettled question of why the Islamic world became underdeveloped, Kuran identifies several pertinent social mechanisms, some beneficial to economic development, others harmful.

Divergence

Author : C. J. Cherryh
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0756414318
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (564 download)

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Book Synopsis Divergence by : C. J. Cherryh

Download or read book Divergence written by C. J. Cherryh and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twenty-first book in the beloved Foreigner saga continues the adventures of diplomat Bren Cameron, advisor to the atevi head of state. The overthrow of the atevi head of state, Tabini-aiji, and the several moves of enemies even since his restoration, have prompted major changes in the Assassins' Guild, which has since worked to root out its seditious elements—a clandestine group they call the Shadow Guild. With the Assassins now rid of internal corruption, with the birth of Tabini's second child, and with the appointment of an heir, stability seems to have returned to the atevi world. Humans and atevi share the space station in peaceful cooperation, humans and atevi share the planet as they have for centuries, and the humans' island enclave is preparing to welcome 5000 human refugees from a remote station now dismantled, and to do that in unprecedented cooperation with the atevi mainland. In general Bren Cameron, Tabini-aiji's personal representative, returning home to the atevi capital after securing that critical agreement, was ready to take a well-earned rest—until Tabini's grandmother claimed his services on a train trip to the smallest, most remote and least significant of the provinces, snowy Hasjuran—a move concerning which Tabini-aiji gave Bren a private instruction: protect her. Advise her. Advise her—perhaps. As for protection, she has a trainload of high-level Guild. But since the aiji-dowager has also invited a dangerously independent young warlord, Machigi, and a young man who may be the heir to Ajuri, a key northern province—the natural question is why the dowager is taking this ill-assorted pair to Hasjuran and what on this earth she may be up to. With a Shadow Guild attack on the train station, it has become clear that others have questions, too. Hasjuran, on its mountain height, overlooks the Marid, a district that is part of the atevi nation only in name—a district in which Machigi is one major player, and where the Shadow Guild retains a major stronghold. Protect her? Ilisidi is hellbent on settling scores with the Shadow Guild, and her reasons for this trip and this company now become clear. One human diplomat and his own bodyguard suddenly seem a very small force to defend her from what she is setting in motion.