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The Late Quaternary In The Central American Lowlands
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Book Synopsis The Late Quaternary in the Central American Lowlands by : Alexander Correa-Metrio
Download or read book The Late Quaternary in the Central American Lowlands written by Alexander Correa-Metrio and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the response of the tropical lowlands to global climate change in the past could provide important hints regarding the threats these ecosystems are facing today. Sedimentary evidence from Lake Petén-Itzá, Guatemalan lowlands, provides a continuous record of vegetation change during the last 86,000 years. The conjunction of this fossil sequence with modern samples from ~80 lakes located along the Yucatan Peninsula and mountains of Mexico and Guatemala allowed the reconstruction of climatic variables for the same time period. Our results show tight connections between the climate and vegetation of the Peninsula and the temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic, and prove that environmental conditions in the area were more variable than previously thought. However, our estimated temperature sequence shows that modern predicted rates of regional temperature change have no precedent during the last 86,000 years. This finding in the context of rates of vegetation turnover for the same time period suggests that modern global climate change represents significant challenges and threats for the vegetation and biodiversity of the Central American lowlands.
Book Synopsis Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate Change in Central America by : Guaria María Cárdenes Sandí
Download or read book Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate Change in Central America written by Guaria María Cárdenes Sandí and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoecological studies are windows to the past that allow us to comprehend the long-term patterns of species migration, extinction, speciation and their interactions with the environment. Understating the past patterns of spatial and temporal variation of plant species in the tropics and subtropics is a powerful tool to estimate future climate change impacts. Particularly compelling in the Earth's history are the warm periods, or interglacials, and within them the glacial inceptions characterized by rapid climatic changes. This study presents two complementary perspectives of the vegetation changes in Central America during the last interglacial. Paleolake El Valle in Panama provided a perspective of the onset of the last glacial inception in the lowlands of eastern Central America, whereas Lake Chalco presented a history of the end of the last glacial inception in the highlands of Central Mexico. High-resolution pollen and charcoal analyses spanning the end of the last glacial inception, which lasted from c. 91 to 74 ka, showed major vegetation changes in response to paleoclimatic patterns in the highlands of Central Mexico. Coniferous-dominated forests were the prevalent vegetation type except during MIS 5a when broad-leaved, Quercus-dominated, forest replaced coniferous as major components of the vegetation. Furthermore, the coniferous forests exhibited significant changes in their composition, from Pinus-dominated forest to Abies-dominated forests. At the same time, Picea, an extinct taxon in central Mexico today, formed scattered patches of high elevation mountain forests. Fire disturbances played an important role in determining the presence and especially the abundances of the dominant forest taxa such as Pinus, Quercus, Alnus, Picea and Podocarpus, and rare taxa e.g. Liquidambar, Clethra, and Fraxinus. The overlapping of taxa associated with similar habitats and the fire disturbances produced a heterogeneous landscape with diffused boundaries. Based on an analysis of variability of the vegetation four vegetation states were identified in Central Mexico. Every state was related to a specific forest type, and distinctive rates of ecological change and diversity. The transitions between states are periods with the highest variability in the vegetation system, linked to regional changes in temperatures and moisture availability. The transition from interglacial to glacial (MIS 5a/MIS 4) had markedly high variability in pollen assemblages, suggesting a rapid shift between states. In some cases the plant assemblages were broadly recognizable and in others they were without modern analog. Plant assemblages with no modern analog developed in Central Mexico during the last glacial inception. Short-lived no-analog communities were presented at c. 87.5, 87.6 and 75.2 ka and longer lasting no-analog assemblages occurred during the MIS 5b/5a transition from c. 85 to 81 ka., contemporaneously with no-analog assemblages in the Yucatan Peninsula. Fossil pollen, diatom, and charcoal analyses from Paleolake EI Valle, Panama showed continuous vegetation changes related to regional climatic trends. During the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e), and the beginning of the glacial inception (MIS 5d), forests with co-existence of lowland and montane taxa developed in a wet environment. The vegetation during the Last Interglacial comprises an open and seasonal forest that later transitioned into a denser more diverse closed-forest vegetation. The predominance of lowland taxa, low diversity in the plant assemblages and the lowest lake levels marked the MIS 5e/MIS 5d transition. Later, during MIS 5d, colder and wetter conditions promoted the development of closed-forest with relatively high abundances of cold-montane taxa. Natural fires in the EI Valle record were so rare that it did not play a significant role in vegetation changes. Even though lasting changes due to fire were not evident, this fire-sensitive flora did show a correlation between the presence of short-term clusters of fire frequency and decreased richness in the vegetation. Based on the presence of montane taxa, particularly Quercus at the EI Valle record a cooling of c. -I °C relative to modern was inferred for the MIS 5d. From the paleoecological point of view Central Mexico and Central Panama, during the last interglacial, had plant assemblages very sensitive to longterm climate change, however, they are examples of the overall resilience of tropical and subtropical forests. Regardless of rapid climate changes and glacial-interglacial transitions, the areas remained forested with different assortments of vegetation types.
Book Synopsis Late Quaternary Environments of the United States by : Herbert Edgar Wright
Download or read book Late Quaternary Environments of the United States written by Herbert Edgar Wright and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Quaternary in the Tropics by : Klaus Heine
Download or read book The Quaternary in the Tropics written by Klaus Heine and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interhemispheric Climate Linkages by : Vera Markgraf
Download or read book Interhemispheric Climate Linkages written by Vera Markgraf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel approach in the field of global change by presenting a comprehensive analysis of interhemispheric linkages of climate, present and past, and their effects on human societies. The ultimate goal of this interhemispheric integration is to improve our understanding of causes and mechanisms of climate change to enhance our capability in predicting future changes. Given the societal interest in global change issues this book offers a new approach for the integration of global information. It will provide a reference for professional scientists, researchers and graduate students in the fields of climatology, and the earth and environmental sciences. Chapters analyse instrumental atmospheric and oceanic data to address such phenomena as El Nino/Southern Oscillation variability and other climate anomalies such as the Pacific and North Atlantic Oscillation and polar air outbreaks A new systematic methodology is presented that allows objective and verifiable reconstruction of climate fields from sparse data Especially valuable in the context of climate proxy data
Book Synopsis Environments and Extinctions by : Jim I. Mead
Download or read book Environments and Extinctions written by Jim I. Mead and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 10 papers using new conceptual frameworks to interpret late Quaternary cultural and environmental remains. Chapters are composed largely of the proceedings of a symposium held at the Society for American Archaeology meetings in 1982.
Book Synopsis Paleoclimatology by : Raymond S. Bradley
Download or read book Paleoclimatology written by Raymond S. Bradley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-28 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, Third Edition—winner of a 2015 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from The Text and Academic Authors Association—provides a thorough overview of the methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction and of the historical changes in climate during the past three million years. This thoroughly updated and revised edition systematically examines each type of proxy and elucidates the major attributes and the limitations of each. Paleoclimatology, Third Edition provides necessary context for those interested in understanding climate changes at present and how current trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past. The text is richly illustrated and includes an extensive bibliography for further research. Winner of a 2015 Texty Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association A comprehensive overview of the methods of paleoclimate reconstruction, and the record of past changes in climate during the last ~3 million years Addresses all the techniques used in paleoclimatic reconstruction from climate proxies With full-color throughout, and thoroughly revised chapters on dating methods, climate forcing, ice cores, marine sediments, pollen analysis, dendroclimatology, and historical records Includes new chapters on speleothems, loess, and lake sediments More than 1,000 new references and 190 new figures Essential reading for those interested in how present trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past
Book Synopsis The Quaternary Period in the United States by : A.R. Gillespie
Download or read book The Quaternary Period in the United States written by A.R. Gillespie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-17 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews advances in understanding of the past ca. two million years of Earth history - the Quaternary Period - in the United States. It begins with sections on ice and water - as glaciers, permafrost, oceans, rivers, lakes, and aquifers. Six chapters are devoted to the high-latitude Pleistocene ice sheets, to mountain glaciations of the western United States, and to permafrost studies. Other chapters discuss ice-age lakes, caves, sea-level fluctuations, and riverine landscapes. With a chapter on landscape evolution models, the book turns to essays on geologic processes. Two chapters discuss soils and their responses to climate, and wind-blown sediments. Two more describe volcanoes and earthquakes, and the use of Quaternary geology to understand the hazards they pose. The next part of the book is on plants and animals. Five chapters consider the Quaternary history of vegetation in the United States. Other chapters treat forcing functions and vegetation response at different spatial and temporal scales, the role of fire as a catalyst of vegetation change during rapid climate shifts, and the use of tree rings in inferring age and past hydroclimatic conditions. Three chapters address vertebrate paleontology and the extinctions of large mammals at the end of the last glaciation, beetle assemblages and the inferences they permit about past conditions, and the peopling of North America. A final chapter addresses the numerical modeling of Quaternary climates, and the role paleoclimatic studies and climatic modeling has in predicting future response of the Earth's climate system to the changes we have wrought.
Book Synopsis The Lowland Maya Area by : Scott Fedick
Download or read book The Lowland Maya Area written by Scott Fedick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-18 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can we learn from the people of the Maya Lowlands? Integrating history, biodiversity, ethnobotany, geology, ecology, archaeology, anthropology, and other disciplines, The Lowland Maya Area is a valuable guide to the fascinating relationship between man and his environment in the Yucatán peninsula. This book covers virtually every aspect of the biology and ecology of the Maya Lowlands and the many ways that human beings have interacted with their surroundings in that area for the last three thousand years. You'll learn about newly discovered archaeological evidence of wetland use; the domestication and use of cacao and henequen plants; a biodiversity assessment of a select group of plants, animals, and microorganisms; the area's forgotten cotton, indigo, and wax industries; the ecological history of the Yucatán Peninsula; and much more. This comprehensive book will open your eyes to all that we can learn from the Maya people, who continue to live on their native lands, integrating modern life with their old ways and teaching valuable lessons about human dependence on and management of environmental resources. The Lowland Maya Area explores: the impact of hurricanes and fire on local environments historic and modern Maya concepts of forests the geologic history of the Yucatán challenges to preserving Maya architecture newly-discovered evidence of fertilizer use among the ancient Maya cooperation between locals and researchers that fosters greater knowledge on both sides recommendations to help safeguard the future The Lowland Maya Area is an ideal single source for reliable information on the many ecological and social issues of this dynamic area. Providing you with the results of the most recent research into many diverse fields, including traditional ecological knowledge, the difficult transition to capitalism, agave production, and the diversity of insect species, this book will be a valuable addition to your collection. As the editors of The Lowland Maya Area say in their concluding chapter: “If we are to gain global perspective from the changing Maya world, it is that understanding space and time is absolutely critical to human persistence.” Understanding how the Maya have interacted with their environment for thousands of years while maintaining biodiversity will help us understand how we too can work for sustainable development in our own environments.
Book Synopsis The Quaternary of the U.S. by : Herbert Edgar Wright
Download or read book The Quaternary of the U.S. written by Herbert Edgar Wright and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume reviews the status of investigations aimed at deciphering the geologic, biogeographic, and archaeological records for the Quaternary Era—the last million years of geologic time-for the area of continental United States. Over eighty Quaternary scientists have contributed to the fifty-five chapters divided into four main parts. Part 1 treats the areal geology, with emphasis on the stratigraphy of the glaciated areas east of the Rocky Mountains, unglaciated eastern and central United States, and western United States. Part 2 deals with biogeography: phytogeography and palynology, animal geography and evolution. Part 3 deals with archaeology prehistory in the northeastern states, southeastern states, plains, desert west, and Pacific Coast including Alaska. Part 4 covers many diverse Quaternary studies on—the continental shelves, isotope geochemistry, paleopedology, the geochemistry of some lake sediments, paleohydrology, glaciers and climate, volcanic-ash chronology, paleomagnetism, neo-tectonics, dendrochronology, and theoretical paleoclimatology. Originally published in 1965. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States by : Herbert E. Wright
Download or read book Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States written by Herbert E. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science by : Cary Mock
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science written by Cary Mock and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 3883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Four Volume Set, provides both students and professionals with an up-to-date reference work on this important and highly varied area of research. There are lots of new articles, and many of the articles that appeared in the first edition have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge since 2006, when the original articles were written. The second edition will contain about 375 articles, written by leading experts around the world. This major reference work is richly illustrated with more than 3,000 illustrations, most of them in colour. Research in the Quaternary sciences has advanced greatly in the last 10 years, especially since topics like global climate change, geologic hazards and soil erosion were put high on the political agenda. This second edition builds upon its award-winning predecessor to provide the reader assured quality along with essential updated coverage Contains 357 broad-ranging articles (4310 pages) written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. Facilitates teaching and learning The first edition was regarded by many as the most significant single overview of Quaternary science ever, yet Editor-in-Chief, Scott Elias, has managed to surpass that in this second edition by securing even more expert reviews whilst retaining his renowned editorial consistency that enables readers to navigates seamlessly from one unfamiliar topic to the next
Book Synopsis Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of Latin American Vegetation and Terrestrial Environments by : Alan Graham
Download or read book Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of Latin American Vegetation and Terrestrial Environments written by Alan Graham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes the history of Latin American vegetation from just prior to the asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, at the end of the Cretaceous period through the rapid-paced events of Holocene and Recent times, tracing highlights in the origin of lineages and plant communities that constitute a fundamental part of the tropical ecosystems of the New World. Emphasis is placed on the array of available methods and approaches, as well as on the need for incorporating ancillary information from the many relevant disciplines and for assessing the paleobiological results within the context of independent lines of inquiry--particularly important for understanding the vast and complex communities of Latin America.
Book Synopsis Evolution and Environment in Tropical America by : Jeremy B. C. Jackson
Download or read book Evolution and Environment in Tropical America written by Jeremy B. C. Jackson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1996-12-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How were the tropical Americas formed? This ambitious volume draws on extensive, multidisciplinary research to develop new views of the geological formation of the isthmus linking North and South America and of the major environmental changes that reshaped the Neotropics to create its present-day marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent discoveries show that dramatic changes in climate and ocean circulation can occur very quickly, and that ecological communities respond just as rapidly. Abrupt changes in the composition of fossil assemblages, formerly dismissed as artifacts of a poor fossil record, now are seen as accurate records of swift changes in the composition of ocean communities. The twenty-four contributors use current work in paleontology, geology, oceanography, anthropology, ecology, and evolution to paint this challenging portrait of rapid environmental and evolutionary change. Their conclusions argue for a revision of existing interpretations of the fossil record and the processes—including invading Eurasian peoples—that have produced it.
Book Synopsis Quaternary Environmental Change in the Tropics by : Sarah E. Metcalfe
Download or read book Quaternary Environmental Change in the Tropics written by Sarah E. Metcalfe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-24 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global climate changes that led to the expansion and contraction of high latitude ice sheets during the Quaternary period were associated with equally dramatic changes in tropical environments. These included shifts in vegetation zones, changes in the hydrology and ecology of lakes and rivers, and fluctuations in the size of mountain glaciers and sandy deserts. Until recently it was thought that such changes were triggered by fluctuations in the distribution of polar ice cover. Now there is increasing recognition that the tropics themselves have acted as drivers of global climate change over a range of timescales. The aim of Quaternary Environmental Change in the Tropics is to provide a synthesis of the changes that occurred in tropical terrestrial and marine systems during the Pleistocene and Holocene, complementing data-derived reconstructions with output from state-of-the-art climate models. It is targeted at final-year undergraduate students and research specialists, but will provide an introduction to tropical Quaternary research for a variety of other readers.
Book Synopsis Imperfect Balance by : David Lewis Lentz
Download or read book Imperfect Balance written by David Lewis Lentz and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with experts in a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences--including botany, geology, ecology, geography and archaeology--Lentz investigates the history and effects of human impact on the environment in the New World before the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th century. An Imperfect Balance offers an objective evaluation of "precontact era" land usage, demonstrating that native populations engaged in land management practices not entirely dissimilar to their European counterparts.
Book Synopsis Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates by : Peter Smolka
Download or read book Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates written by Peter Smolka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate models show that climate change is not a uniform process. Areas of increased temperature are situated near areas of decreased temperature, areas with increased precipitation adjoin areas of drought. This is one of the reasons why climate change is so difficult to detect. Any parameter must be considered and tested locally or regionally and not on an average globally. This book gives an overview of current research methods and results in the different fields of climate research including modelling. In addition, it contains a hemisphere-wide stratigraphic data base with about 80000 species. All paleoclimatic data as well as a state-of-the-art atmospheric circulation model in a PC version are included. So both research and graduate teaching are supported with high-end software running on affordable computers, also in those countries that have no access to Cray super computers. Thus, this book will be of interest to all researchers and scientists in the field of climatology.
