The Knowability Paradox

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New Essays on the Knowability Paradox

Author : Joe Salerno
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191608688
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis New Essays on the Knowability Paradox by : Joe Salerno

Download or read book New Essays on the Knowability Paradox written by Joe Salerno and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-06-04 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1945 Alonzo Church issued a pair of referee reports in which he anonymously conveyed to Frederic Fitch a surprising proof showing that wherever there is (empirical) ignorance there is also logically unknowable truth. Fitch published this and a generalization of the result in 1963. Ever since, philosophers have been attempting to understand the significance and address the counter-intuitiveness of this, the so-called paradox of knowability. This collection assembles Church's referee reports, Fitch's 1963 paper, and nineteen new papers on the knowability paradox. The contributors include logicians and philosophers from three continents, many of whom have already made important contributions to the discussion of the problem. The volume contains a general introduction to the paradox and the background literature, and is divided into seven sections that roughly mark the central points of debate. The sections include the history of the paradox, Michael Dummett's constructivism, issues of paraconsistency, developments of modal and temporal logics, Cartesian restricted theories of truth, modal and mathematical fictionalism, and reconsiderations about how, and whether, we ought to construe an anti-realist theory of truth.

The Knowability Paradox

Author : Jonathan L. Kvanvig
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191536083
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Knowability Paradox by : Jonathan L. Kvanvig

Download or read book The Knowability Paradox written by Jonathan L. Kvanvig and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paradox of knowability, derived from a proof by Frederic Fitch in 1963, is one of the deepest paradoxes concerning the nature of truth. Jonathan Kvanvig argues that the depth of the paradox has not been adequately appreciated. It has long been known that the paradox threatens antirealist conceptions of truth according to which truth is epistemic. If truth is epistemic, what better way to express that idea than to maintain that all truths are knowable? In the face of the paradox, however, such a characterization threatens to undermine antirealism. If Fitch's proof is valid, then one can be an antirealist of this sort only by endorsing the conclusion of the proof that all truths are known. Realists about truth have tended to stand on the sidelines and cheer the difficulties faced by their opponents from Fitch's proof. Kvanvig argues that this perspective is wholly unwarranted. He argues that there are two problems raised by the paradox, one that threatens antirealism about truth and the other that threatens everybody's view about truth, realist or antirealist. The problem facing antirealism has had a number of proposed solutions over the past 40 years, and the results have not been especially promising with regard to the first problem. The second problem has not even been acknowledged, however, and the proposals regarding the first problem are irrelevant to the second problem. This book thus provides a thorough investigation of the literature on the paradox, and also proposes a solution to the deeper of the two problems raised by Fitch's proof. It provides a complete picture of the paradoxicality that results from Fitch's proof, and presents a solution to the paradox that claims to address both problems raised by the original proof.

Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability

Author : Lee Walters
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198712731
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability by : Lee Walters

Download or read book Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability written by Lee Walters and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability comprises fifteen original essays on themes from the work of Dorothy Edgington, the first woman to hold a chair in philosophy at Oxford. Eminent contributors from philosophy and linguistics discuss a range of topics including conditionals, vagueness, knowledge, reasoning, and probability.

Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science

Author : Shahid Rahman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402028083
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science by : Shahid Rahman

Download or read book Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science written by Shahid Rahman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-15 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume in this new series explores, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The book offers essays from important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics from philosophy of science to epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality.

Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game-Theoretical Semantics

Author : Hans van Ditmarsch
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331962864X
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game-Theoretical Semantics by : Hans van Ditmarsch

Download or read book Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game-Theoretical Semantics written by Hans van Ditmarsch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the game-theoretical semantics and epistemic logic of Jaakko Hintikka. Hintikka was a prodigious and esteemed philosopher and logician, and his death in August 2015 was a huge loss to the philosophical community. This book, whose chapters have been in preparation for several years, is dedicated to the work of Jaako Hintikka, and to his memory. This edited volume consists of 23 contributions from leading logicians and philosophers, who discuss themes that span across the entire range of Hintikka’s career. Semantic Representationalism, Logical Dialogues, Knowledge and Epistemic logic are among some of the topics covered in this book's chapters. The book should appeal to students, scholars and teachers who wish to explore the philosophy of Jaako Hintikka.

The Law of Non-Contradiction

Author : Graham Priest
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191548065
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Law of Non-Contradiction by : Graham Priest

Download or read book The Law of Non-Contradiction written by Graham Priest and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law of Non-Contradiction-that no contradiction can be true-has been a seemingly unassailable dogma since the work of Aristotle, in Book Gamma of the Metaphysics. It is an assumption challenged from a variety of angles in this collection of original papers. Twenty-three of the world's leading experts investigate the 'law', considering arguments for and against it and discussing methodological issues that arise whenever we question the legitimacy of logical principles. The result is a balanced inquiry into a venerable principle of logic, one that raises questions at the very centre of logic itself. The aim of this volume is to present a comprehensive debate about the Law of Non-Contradiction, from discussions as to how the law is to be understood, to reasons for accepting or re-thinking the law, and to issues that raise challenges to the law, such as the Liar Paradox, and a 'dialetheic' resolution of that paradox. One of the editors contributes an introduction which surveys the issues and serves to frame the debate. This collection will be of interest to anyone working on philosophical logic, and to anyone who has ever wondered about the status of logical laws and about how one might proceed to mount arguments for or against them.

Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics

Author : Thomas Piecha
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331922686X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics by : Thomas Piecha

Download or read book Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics written by Thomas Piecha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-24 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first ever collection devoted to the field of proof-theoretic semantics. Contributions address topics including the systematics of introduction and elimination rules and proofs of normalization, the categorial characterization of deductions, the relation between Heyting's and Gentzen's approaches to meaning, knowability paradoxes, proof-theoretic foundations of set theory, Dummett's justification of logical laws, Kreisel's theory of constructions, paradoxical reasoning, and the defence of model theory. The field of proof-theoretic semantics has existed for almost 50 years, but the term itself was proposed by Schroeder-Heister in the 1980s. Proof-theoretic semantics explains the meaning of linguistic expressions in general and of logical constants in particular in terms of the notion of proof. This volume emerges from presentations at the Second International Conference on Proof-Theoretic Semantics in Tübingen in 2013, where contributing authors were asked to provide a self-contained description and analysis of a significant research question in this area. The contributions are representative of the field and should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and mathematicians alike.

Paradoxes from A to Z

Author : Michael Clark
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415228084
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxes from A to Z by : Michael Clark

Download or read book Paradoxes from A to Z written by Michael Clark and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This sentence is false'. Is it? If a hotel with an infinite number of rooms is fully occupied, can it still accommodate a new guest? How can we have emotional responses to fiction, when we know that the objects of our emotions do not exist?

Paradox Lost

Author : Michael Huemer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319904906
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradox Lost by : Michael Huemer

Download or read book Paradox Lost written by Michael Huemer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradox Lost covers ten of philosophy’s most fascinating paradoxes, in which seemingly compelling reasoning leads to absurd conclusions. The following paradoxes are included: The Liar Paradox, in which a sentence says of itself that it is false. Is the sentence true or false? The Sorites Paradox, in which we imagine removing grains of sand one at a time from a heap of sand. Is there a particular grain whose removal converts the heap to a non-heap? The Puzzle of the Self-Torturer, in which a series of seemingly rational choices has us accepting a life of excruciating pain, in exchange for millions of dollars. Newcomb’s Problem, in which we seemingly maximize our expected profit by taking an unknown sum of money, rather than taking the same sum plus $1000. The Surprise Quiz Paradox, in which a professor finds that it is impossible to give a surprise quiz on any particular day of the week . . . but also that if this is so, then a surprise quiz can be given on any day. The Two Envelope Paradox, in which we are asked to choose between two indistinguishable envelopes, and it is seemingly shown that each envelope is preferable to the other. The Ravens Paradox, in which observing a purple shoe provides evidence that all ravens are black. The Shooting Room Paradox, in which a deadly game kills 90% of all who play, yet each individual’s survival turns on the flip of a fair coin. Each paradox is clearly described, common mistakes are explored, and a clear, logical solution offered. Paradox Lost will appeal to professional philosophers, students of philosophy, and all who love intellectual puzzles.

The Taming of the True

Author : Neil Tennant
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199251605
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Taming of the True by : Neil Tennant

Download or read book The Taming of the True written by Neil Tennant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Taming of the True defends and develops global semantic anti-realism. Neil Tennant argues compellingly that every truth is knowable, and that manifestationism in the theory of meaning entails logical reform. He extends semantic anti-realism to empirical discourse, developing new accounts of the analytic/synthetic distinction, cognitive significance and constructive falsifiability. The book has important consequences for the philosophy of mathematics and logic, the theory of meaning, metaphysics, and epistemology.

Truth and Paradox

Author : Tim Maudlin
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199247293
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth and Paradox by : Tim Maudlin

Download or read book Truth and Paradox written by Tim Maudlin and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2004-05-13 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consider the sentence 'This sentence is not true'. Certain notorious paradoxes like this have bedevilled philosophical theories of truth. Tim Maudlin presents an original account of logic and semantics which deals with these paradoxes, and allows him to set out a new theory of truth-values and the norms governing claims about truth.

Good and Real

Author : Gary L. Drescher
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262042339
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Good and Real by : Gary L. Drescher

Download or read book Good and Real written by Gary L. Drescher and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining a series of provocative paradoxes about consciousness, choice, ethics, and other topics, Good and Real tries to reconcile a purely mechanical view of the universe with key aspects of our subjective impressions of our own existence. In Good and Real, Gary Drescher examines a series of provocative paradoxes about consciousness, choice, ethics, quantum mechanics, and other topics, in an effort to reconcile a purely mechanical view of the universe with key aspects of our subjective impressions of our own existence. Many scientists suspect that the universe can ultimately be described by a simple (perhaps even deterministic) formalism; all that is real unfolds mechanically according to that formalism. But how, then, is it possible for us to be conscious, or to make genuine choices? And how can there be an ethical dimension to such choices? Drescher sketches computational models of consciousness, choice, and subjunctive reasoning--what would happen if this or that were to occur? --to show how such phenomena are compatible with a mechanical, even deterministic universe. Analyses of Newcomb's Problem (a paradox about choice) and the Prisoner's Dilemma (a paradox about self-interest vs. altruism, arguably reducible to Newcomb's Problem) help bring the problems and proposed solutions into focus. Regarding quantum mechanics, Drescher builds on Everett's relative-state formulation--but presenting a simplified formalism, accessible to laypersons--to argue that, contrary to some popular impressions, quantum mechanics is compatible with an objective, deterministic physical reality, and that there is no special connection between quantum phenomena and consciousness. In each of several disparate but intertwined topics ranging from physics to ethics, Drescher argues that a missing technical linchpin can make the quest for objectivity seem impossible, until the elusive technical fix is at hand.

Divine being and its relevance according to Thomas Aquinas

Author : William J. Hoye
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004413995
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Divine being and its relevance according to Thomas Aquinas by : William J. Hoye

Download or read book Divine being and its relevance according to Thomas Aquinas written by William J. Hoye and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquinas’ theology can be understood only if one comes to grips with his metaphysics of being. The relevance of this perspective is exhibited in his treatment of topics like creation, goodness, happiness, truth, freedom of the will, the unity of the human being, prayer and providence, God’s personhood, divine love, God and violence, God’s unknowablility, the Incarnation, the Trinity, God’s existence, theological language and even laughter. This book endeavors to treat these questions in a clear and convincing language.

Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000417026
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments by : Kevin McCain

Download or read book Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments written by Kevin McCain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new kind of entrée to contemporary epistemology, Kevin McCain presents fifty of the field’s most important puzzles, paradoxes, and thought experiments. Assuming no familiarity with epistemology from the reader, McCain titles each case with a memorable name, describes the details of the case, explains the issue(s) to which the case is relevant, and assesses its significance. McCain also briefly reviews the key responses to the case that have been put forward, and provides a helpful list of suggested readings on the topic. Each entry is accessible, succinct, and self-contained. Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments is a fantastic learning tool as well as a handy resource for anyone interested in epistemological issues. Key Features: Though concise overall, offers broad coverage of the key areas of epistemology. Describes each imaginative case directly and in a memorable way, making the cases accessible and easy to remember. Provides a list of Suggested Readings for each case, divided into General Overviews, Seminal Presentations, and Other Important Discussions.

A Companion to Atheism and Philosophy

Author : Graham Oppy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119119111
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to Atheism and Philosophy by : Graham Oppy

Download or read book A Companion to Atheism and Philosophy written by Graham Oppy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PROSE 2020 Single Volume Reference Finalist! Philosophers throughout history have debated the existence of gods, but it is only in recent years that the absence of such a belief has become a significant topic of philosophical analysis, in particular for philosophers of religion. Although it is difficult to trace the historical contours of atheism as the lack of belief in a higher power, the reasoned, reflective, and thoughtful rejection of theism has become commonplace in many modern intellectual circles, including academic philosophy where disciplinary data indicates that a large majority of philosophers self-identify as atheists. As the first book of its kind to bring together a collection of writing on the philosophical aspects of atheism both historical and contemporary, the Companion to Atheism and Philosophy stages an explicit, constructive, and comprehensive conversation between philosophy and atheism to examine the ways in which atheist thought intersects with ideas and positions from a variety of philosophical and theological sub-disciplines. The Companion begins by addressing the foundational questions and lingering controversies which underpin philosophical thought about atheism, exploring the implications of major developments in the history of philosophy for the modern atheistic worldview. Divided into eight distinct sections, essays consider a range of thinkers who were widely believed to have been atheists—including David Hume, Mary Wollstonecraft, Karl Marx, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton—and survey different kinds of objections to theism and atheism, including logical, evidential, normative, and prudential. Later chapters trace the relationship between atheism and metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and political philosophy oriented around topics such as pragmatism, postmodernism, freedom, education, violence, and happiness. Deftly curated and thoughtfully composed, A Companion to Atheism and Philosophy is the most ambitious and authoritative account of philosophical thinking on atheism available, and is a first-rate resource for academics, professionals, and students of philosophy, religious studies, and theology.

The Knowability Paradox

Author : Jonathan L. Kvanvig
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199282593
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis The Knowability Paradox by : Jonathan L. Kvanvig

Download or read book The Knowability Paradox written by Jonathan L. Kvanvig and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paradox of knowability, derived from a proof by Frederic Fitch in 1963, is one of the deepest paradoxes concerning the nature of truth. Jonathan Kvanvig argues that the depth of the paradox has not been adequately appreciated. It has long been known that the paradox threatens antirealist conceptions of truth according to which truth is epistemic. If truth is epistemic, what better way to express that idea than to maintain that all truths are knowable? In the face of theparadox, however, such a characterization threatens to undermine antirealism. If Fitch's proof is valid, then one can be an antirealist of this sort only by endorsing the conclusion of the proof that all truths are known.Realists about truth have tended to stand on the sidelines and cheer the difficulties faced by their opponents from Fitch's proof. Kvanvig argues that this perspective is wholly unwarranted. He argues that there are two problems raised by the paradox, one that threatens antirealism about truth and the other that threatens everybody's view about truth, realist or antirealist. The problem facing antirealism has had a number of proposed solutions over the past 40 years, and the results have notbeen especially promising with regard to the first problem. The second problem has not even been acknowledged, however, and the proposals regarding the first problem are irrelevant to the second problem.This book thus provides a thorough investigation of the literature on the paradox, and also proposes a solution to the deeper of the two problems raised by Fitch's proof. It provides a complete picture of the paradoxicality that results from Fitch's proof, and presents a solution to the paradox that claims to address both problems raised by the original proof.

The Paradox of Self-consciousness

Author : José Luis Bermúdez
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262522779
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis The Paradox of Self-consciousness by : José Luis Bermúdez

Download or read book The Paradox of Self-consciousness written by José Luis Bermúdez and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Jos� Luis Berm�dez addesses two fundamental problems in the philosophy and psychology of self-consciousness: (1) Can we provide a noncircular account of fully fledged self-conscious thought and language in terms of more fundamental capacities? (2) Can we explain how fully fledged self-conscious thought and language can arise in the normal course of human development? Berm�dez argues that a paradox (the paradox of self-consciousness) arises from the apparent strict interdependence between self-conscious thought and linguistic self-reference. The paradox renders circular all theories that define self-consciousness in terms of linguistic mastery of the first-person pronoun. It seems to follow from the paradox of self-consciousness that no such account or explanation can be given. Drawing on recent work in empirical psychology and philosophy, the author argues that any explanation of fully fledged self-consciousness that answers these two questions requires attention to primitive forms of self-consciousness that are prelinguistic and preconceptual. Such primitive forms of self-consciousness are to be found in somatic proprioception, the structure of exteroceptive perception, and prelinguistic forms of social interaction. The author uses these primitive forms of self-consciousness to dissolve the paradox of self-consciousness and to show how the two questions can be given an affirmative answer.