The Jewish Community of New York City (Classic Reprint)

Download The Jewish Community of New York City (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781334446498
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (464 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Jewish Community of New York City (Classic Reprint) by : Judah Leon Magnes

Download or read book The Jewish Community of New York City (Classic Reprint) written by Judah Leon Magnes and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-11-29 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Jewish Community of New York City Jewish Defence Association began an agitation also on behalf of what was then characterized as an American Jewish Congress. The leaders of the Relief Committee too had begun to feel the necessity of an organization to take the place of individual effort and to relieve the individual of too much responsibility. The prime movers in the creation of an American Jewish Congress accordingly believed it to be their duty to give up their own plan, and to labor for the creation of a general organization. This eventually became the American Jewish Committee. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Jewish Education in New York City (Classic Reprint)

Download Jewish Education in New York City (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9781334781261
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (812 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jewish Education in New York City (Classic Reprint) by : Alexander Mordecai Dushkin

Download or read book Jewish Education in New York City (Classic Reprint) written by Alexander Mordecai Dushkin and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Jewish Education in New York City Professors Israel liriedlaender and M. M. Kaplan of the Jewish Theological Seminary; and to Mr. Julius Drachsler, Secretary of the School for Jewish Communal Work, for their valuable criticism and for their many helpful sugges tions. Thanks are also due to Mr. George H. Chatfield and Mr. Louis Siegel of the Board of Education for their courtesy in putting at my disposal the necessary public school records, and to Mr. A. S. Freidus, head of the Jewish Department of the New York Public Library, for his constant cooperation in the preparation of this work. From among my friends and co-workers who have helped me in many ways, I wish particularly to thank: Miss Lotta Levensohn for her generous sacrifice of time and energy and her painstaking care in editing the manuscript and reading the proofs; Miss Leah Klepper for her aid in the work of research; Mr. I. B. Be'rkson for his criticism of various portions of the book; and Mr. Meir Isaacs for the many hours which he spent unstintingly in cooperating with me in the obtaining of data, in statistical tabulation, and in preparing the index. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

City of Promises

Download City of Promises PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814724884
Total Pages : 1156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis City of Promises by : Howard B. Rock

Download or read book City of Promises written by Howard B. Rock and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2012 National Jewish Book Award, presented by the National Jewish Book Council New York Jews, so visible and integral to the culture, economy and politics of America’s greatest city, has eluded the grasp of historians for decades. Surprisingly, no comprehensive history of New York Jews has ever been written. City of Promises: A History of the Jews of New York, a three volume set of original research, pioneers a path-breaking interpretation of a Jewish urban community at once the largest in Jewish history and most important in the modern world. Volume I, Haven of Liberty, by historian Howard B. Rock, chronicles the arrival of the first Jews to New York (then New Amsterdam) in 1654 and highlights their political and economic challenges. Overcoming significant barriers, colonial and republican Jews in New York laid the foundations for the development of a thriving community. Volume II, Emerging Metropolis, written by Annie Polland and Daniel Soyer, describes New York’s transformation into a Jewish city. Focusing on the urban Jewish built environment—its tenements and banks, synagogues and shops, department stores and settlement houses—it conveys the extraordinary complexity of Jewish immigrant society. Volume III, Jews in Gotham, by historian Jeffrey S. Gurock, highlights neighborhood life as the city’s distinctive feature. New York retained its preeminence as the capital of American Jews because of deep roots in local worlds that supported vigorous political, religious, and economic diversity. Each volume includes a “visual essay” by art historian Diana Linden interpreting aspects of life for New York’s Jews from their arrival until today. These illustrated sections, many in color, illuminate Jewish material culture and feature reproductions of early colonial portraits, art, architecture, as well as everyday culture and community. Overseen by noted scholar Deborah Dash Moore, City of Promises offers the largest Jewish city in the world, in the United States, and in Jewish history its first comprehensive account.

The Jewish Communal Register of New York City, 1917-1918

Download The Jewish Communal Register of New York City, 1917-1918 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1620 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Jewish Communal Register of New York City, 1917-1918 by : Jewish Community of New York City

Download or read book The Jewish Communal Register of New York City, 1917-1918 written by Jewish Community of New York City and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 1620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Jews in America (Classic Reprint)

Download Jews in America (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780267642731
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jews in America (Classic Reprint) by : Cyrus Adler

Download or read book Jews in America (Classic Reprint) written by Cyrus Adler and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Jews in America The Jewish immigrants who arrived in America during the nineteenth century were in the main poor people who commenced trading in a small way, usu ally by peddling, which, before the existence oi rail roads. Was a favorite method of carrying merchan dise into the country districts. By industry and frugality they laid the foundations of a considerable number of moderate fortunes. The Jews in New York became an integral part of that great trading community. In the early colonial period, more especially in Pennsylvania and in New York, many of the Jews traded with the Indians. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The People and the Books: 18 Classics of Jewish Literature

Download The People and the Books: 18 Classics of Jewish Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 039360831X
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The People and the Books: 18 Classics of Jewish Literature by : Adam Kirsch

Download or read book The People and the Books: 18 Classics of Jewish Literature written by Adam Kirsch and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to the classics of Jewish literature, from the Bible to modern times, by "one of America’s finest literary critics" (Wall Street Journal). Jews have long embraced their identity as “the people of the book.” But outside of the Bible, much of the Jewish literary tradition remains little known to nonspecialist readers. The People and the Books shows how central questions and themes of our history and culture are reflected in the Jewish literary canon: the nature of God, the right way to understand the Bible, the relationship of the Jews to their Promised Land, and the challenges of living as a minority in Diaspora. Adam Kirsch explores eighteen classic texts, including the biblical books of Deuteronomy and Esther, the philosophy of Maimonides, the autobiography of the medieval businesswoman Glückel of Hameln, and the Zionist manifestoes of Theodor Herzl. From the Jews of Roman Egypt to the mystical devotees of Hasidism in Eastern Europe, The People and the Books brings the treasures of Jewish literature to life and offers new ways to think about their enduring power and influence.

Jewish New York

Download Jewish New York PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479864471
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jewish New York by : Deborah Dash Moore

Download or read book Jewish New York written by Deborah Dash Moore and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive history of Jews in New York and how they transformed the city Jewish New York reveals the multifaceted world of one of the city’s most important ethnic and religious groups. Jewish immigrants changed New York. They built its clothing industry and constructed huge swaths of apartment buildings. New York Jews helped to make the city the center of the nation’s publishing industry and shaped popular culture in music, theater, and the arts. With a strong sense of social justice, a dedication to civil rights and civil liberties, and a belief in the duty of government to provide social welfare for all its citizens, New York Jews influenced the city, state, and nation with a new wave of social activism. In turn, New York transformed Judaism and stimulated religious pluralism, Jewish denominationalism, and contemporary feminism. The city’s neighborhoods hosted unbelievably diverse types of Jews, from Communists to Hasidim. Jewish New York not only describes Jews’ many positive influences on New York, but also exposes their struggles with poverty and anti-Semitism. These injustices reinforced an exemplary commitment to remaking New York into a model multiethnic, multiracial, and multireligious world city. Based on the acclaimed multi-volume set City of Promises: A History of the Jews of New York winner of the National Jewish Book Council 2012 Everett Family Foundation Jewish Book of the Year Award, Jewish New York spans three centuries, tracing the earliest arrival of Jews in New Amsterdam to the recent immigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union.

The Jewish Community of New York City

Download The Jewish Community of New York City PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781022737501
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Jewish Community of New York City by : Judah Leon Magnes

Download or read book The Jewish Community of New York City written by Judah Leon Magnes and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnes' book provides a comprehensive look at the Jewish community in turn-of-the-century New York. From their religious practices to their political involvement, this book traces the lives of Jewish immigrants and their descendants as they struggled to reconcile their Jewish identity with their American experience. With analytical depth and riveting anecdotes, this book is an indispensable read for historians and anyone interested in the Jewish experience in America. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Beyond the Synagogue

Download Beyond the Synagogue PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479820512
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond the Synagogue by : Rachel B. Gross

Download or read book Beyond the Synagogue written by Rachel B. Gross and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Report of the Executive Committee, Presented at the First Annual Convention of the Jewish Community (Kehillah)

Download Report of the Executive Committee, Presented at the First Annual Convention of the Jewish Community (Kehillah) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780332165806
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (658 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Report of the Executive Committee, Presented at the First Annual Convention of the Jewish Community (Kehillah) by : Jewish Community of New York City

Download or read book Report of the Executive Committee, Presented at the First Annual Convention of the Jewish Community (Kehillah) written by Jewish Community of New York City and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Report of the Executive Committee, Presented at the First Annual Convention of the Jewish Community (Kehillah): New York, February 26 and 27, 1910 In the name of your Executive Committee, I have the honor of welcoming you to this, our first convention, since our establishment as a Kehillah. As is but natural, some of our former delegates have seen fit to withdraw; but on the other hand, we are glad to have with us the delegates of many organizations not hitherto affiliated with us. In accord with our endeavor to bring about unity between Jews of all kinds, we may regard it as a good omen that we are privileged to welcome, for the first time, I believe, in communal affairs, an organization of Jews hailing from the Ottoman Empire. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Your Word Is Fire

Download Your Word Is Fire PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 1580236049
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (82 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Your Word Is Fire by :

Download or read book Your Word Is Fire written by and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The power of prayer for spiritual renewal and personal transformation is at the core of all religious traditions. Because Hasidic literature contains no systematic manual of contemplative prayer, the texts included in this volume have been culled from many sources. From the teachings of the Hasidic Masters—the Ba'al Shem Tov, the Maggid Dov Baer of Meidzyrzec, and their immediate disciples—the editors have gleaned "hints as to the various rungs of inner prayer and how they are attained." Hasidism, the Jewish revivalist movement that began in the late eighteenth century, saw prayer as being at the heart of religious experience and was particularly concerned with the nature of a person’s relationship with God. The obstacles to prayer discussed by the Hasidic masters—distraction, loss of spirituality, and inconstancy of purpose—feel very close to concerns of our own age. Through advice, parables, and explanations, the Hasidic masters of the past speak to our own attempts to find meaning in prayer.

Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York (Classic Reprint)

Download Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York (Classic Reprint) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780483393165
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (931 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York (Classic Reprint) by : Florina Lasker

Download or read book Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York (Classic Reprint) written by Florina Lasker and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York Between two groups of this latter body, there arose differences of opinion as to policies and methods, which finally had their climax in the withdrawal of one group from the Council and in their separate organization and later incorporation as the Guild for the Jewish Blind, with Objects and purposes similar to those Of the parent body. The Council continued its Committee, but its work for the blind since that time has become of minor importance. But further disharmony arose in the field after the organization of the Guild. There existed at that time a group of blind Jewish people of the East Side who felt that the problems of the blind were not being adequately handled by the existing agencies. Taking the position that the blind themselves had never been given a fair share in the management of their own problems and determining that, henceforward they would take an important part in the direction of their own affairs, this group of blind persons resolved to form an agency of their own and founded The Hebrew Association for the Blind - the fourth specialized agency to enter the field. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Spirit of the Ghetto

Download The Spirit of the Ghetto PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780267163151
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (631 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Spirit of the Ghetto by : Hutchins Hapgood

Download or read book The Spirit of the Ghetto written by Hutchins Hapgood and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Spirit of the Ghetto: Studies of the Jewish, Quarter in New York Jews with whom he has been in relations of considerable intimacy. The author. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Is Jesus of Nazareth the Predicted Messiah?

Download Is Jesus of Nazareth the Predicted Messiah? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1532658516
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (326 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Is Jesus of Nazareth the Predicted Messiah? by : Douglas D. Scott

Download or read book Is Jesus of Nazareth the Predicted Messiah? written by Douglas D. Scott and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christians in general—and preachers of prophecy in particular—attribute the fulfillment of hundreds of Old Testament messianic prophecies to Jesus of Nazareth. Often these claims arise in the uncritical environment of Christian churches or popular literature that is treating messianic prophecy. People with critical thinking abilities, and those endowed with a skeptical nature, often have key questions that remain unaddressed in such environments. These thinkers and skeptics are the people that will be most interested in this work. The primary question addressed is this: “Do critically acceptable historical-evidential reasons exist for believing that Jesus Christ is the direct fulfillment of some specific Old Testament messianic texts?” Approaching this question within a framework that eliminates any possibility of staged prophetic fulfillment, and those that may occur by mere chance or collusion, produces results that must be taken seriously. Even with these strict criteria, Jesus emerges as the only viable candidate to fulfill some of the prophecies included in this study. For other prophetic texts, the evidence is not as abundant or convincing. However, even these texts yield several minimal facts that directly impinge on New Testament claims about Jesus.

New York Jews and the Decline of Urban Ethnicity, 1950-1970

Download New York Jews and the Decline of Urban Ethnicity, 1950-1970 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815607113
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New York Jews and the Decline of Urban Ethnicity, 1950-1970 by : Eli Lederhendler

Download or read book New York Jews and the Decline of Urban Ethnicity, 1950-1970 written by Eli Lederhendler and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book-length study of Jewish culture and ethnicity in New York City after World War II. Here is an intriguing look at the cause and effect of New York City politics and culture in the 1950s and 1960s and the inner life of one of the city's largest ethnic religious groups. The New York Jewish mystique has always been tied to the , fabric and fortunes of the city, as has the community's social aspirations, political inclinations, and its very notion of "Jewishness" itself. All this, points out Eli Lederhendler, came into question as the life of the city changed. Insightfully and meticulously he explores the decline of secular Jewish ethnic culture, the growth of Jewish religious factions, and the rise of a more assertive ethnocentrism. Using memoirs, essays, news items, and data on suburbanization, religion, and race relations, the book analyzes the decline of the metropolis in the 1960s, increasing clashes between Jews and African Americans. and postwar transiency of neighborhood-based ethnic awareness.

Judaism as a Civilization

Download Judaism as a Civilization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781022892354
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (923 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Judaism as a Civilization by : Mordecai Menahem Kaplan

Download or read book Judaism as a Civilization written by Mordecai Menahem Kaplan and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1934, Mordecai Kaplan's groundbreaking study of Judaism as a civilization remains a landmark work of Jewish thought. Kaplan argues that Judaism is not just a religion, but a comprehensive civilization that encompasses everything from language and literature to art and social organization. He lays out a program for the reconstruction of American-Jewish life that is still relevant today, and his ideas have had a profound influence on Jewish thought and practice in the United States. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Jewish Metropolis

Download The Jewish Metropolis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Studies PRess
ISBN 13 : 1644694913
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Jewish Metropolis by : Daniel Soyer

Download or read book The Jewish Metropolis written by Daniel Soyer and published by Academic Studies PRess. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Jewish Metropolis: New York City from the 17th to the 21st Century covers the entire sweep of the history of the largest Jewish community of all time. It provides an introduction to many facets of that history, including the ways in which waves of immigration shaped New York’s Jewish community; Jewish cultural production in English, Yiddish, Ladino, and German; New York’s contribution to the development of American Judaism; Jewish interaction with other ethnic and religious groups; and Jewish participation in the politics and culture of the city as a whole. Each chapter is written by an expert in the field, and includes a bibliography for further reading. The Jewish Metropolis captures the diversity of the Jewish experience in New York.