The Irish In Manchester C1750 1921

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The Irish in Manchester c.1750–1921

Author : Mervyn Busteed
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1784996378
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis The Irish in Manchester c.1750–1921 by : Mervyn Busteed

Download or read book The Irish in Manchester c.1750–1921 written by Mervyn Busteed and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the development of the Irish community in Manchester, one of the most dynamic cities of nineteenth-century Britain. Based on research into a wide variety of local sources, it examines the process by which the Irish came to be blamed for all the ills of the Industrial Revolution and the ways in which they attempted to cope with a sometimes actively hostile environment. It discusses the nature and degree of residential segregation in one notable Irish district and the role of the Catholic Church as a source of spiritual comfort and the base for a dense network of mutual aid and social and cultural organisations. It also examines how the Irish community allied itself with local campaign groups and political parties and organised celebrations and processions that simultaneously expressed its evolving sense of Irishness but fitted in with local traditions and customs.

The Irish in Manchester C.1750-1921

Author : Mervyn Austen Busteed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780719087196
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis The Irish in Manchester C.1750-1921 by : Mervyn Austen Busteed

Download or read book The Irish in Manchester C.1750-1921 written by Mervyn Austen Busteed and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the ways in which Irish immigrants to nineteenth-century Manchester managed to preserve and express their distinctive identity in the first British city to undergo the industrial revolution. It outlines how historic anti-Irish prejudice was renewed by making the Irish the scapegoats for the ills of urban industrial development. It goes on to analyse the various strategies the Irish devised to cope with what they found to be an alien and sometimes overtly hostile situation. Using extensive archival sources it examines the extent and preservation of residential segregation in one strongly Irish district. The significance of the Catholic Church as a source of spiritual comfort and the base for a local network of religious, mutual aid, cultural and social organisations is examined. The book also investigates the ways in which the Irish sought to use the organisations and institutions which emerged the city for their own distinctively Irish purposes, forming sometimes troubled alliances with local campaign groups such as trade unions and Chartists and the Liberal party and the contribution which elected Irish public representatives made to the wider civic life of the city as well as to their own community. There is detailed discussion of how the Irish also utilised local traditions to preserve and perform their Irish identity in public events and how the ownership of such occasions was contested between groups with differing definitions of the nature of Irish identity. In particular the relationship between moderate nationalism and an increasingly assertive separatist tradition is traced, culminating in an open military campaign in the city. Overall the book traces how an immigrant group strives to accommodate itself to a host city whilst striving to retain a sense of distinctive identity.

Life history and the Irish migrant experience in post-war England

Author : Barry Hazley
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526128020
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Life history and the Irish migrant experience in post-war England by : Barry Hazley

Download or read book Life history and the Irish migrant experience in post-war England written by Barry Hazley and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role does memory play in migrants’ adaption to the emotional challenges of migration? How are migrant selfhoods remade in relation to changing cultural myths? This book, the first to apply Popular Memory Theory to the Irish Diaspora, opens new lines of critical enquiry within scholarship on the Irish in modern Britain. Combining innovative use of migrant life histories with cultural representations of the post-war Irish experience, it interrogates the interaction between lived experience, personal memory and cultural myth to further understanding of the work of memory in the production of migrant subjectivities. Based on richly contextualised case studies addressing experiences of emigration, urban life, work, religion, and the Troubles in England, chapters shed new light on the collective fantasies of post-war migrants and the circumstances that formed them, as well as the cultural and personal dynamics of subjective change over the life course. At the core of the book lie the processes by which migrants ‘recompose’ the self as part of ongoing efforts to adapt to the transition between cultures and places. Life history and the Irish migrant experience offers a fresh perspective on the significance of England’s largest post-war migrant group for current debates on identity and difference in contemporary Britain. Integrating historical, cultural and psychological perspectives in an innovative way, it will be essential reading for academics and students researching modern British and Irish social and cultural history, ethnic and migration studies, oral history and memory studies, cultural studies and human geography.

Tracing Your Manchester & Salford Ancestors

Author : Sue Wilkes
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1473856426
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis Tracing Your Manchester & Salford Ancestors by : Sue Wilkes

Download or read book Tracing Your Manchester & Salford Ancestors written by Sue Wilkes and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2017-04-30 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For readers with family ties to Manchester and Salford, and researchers delving into the rich history of these cities, this informative, accessible guide will be essential reading and a fascinating source of reference.Sue Wilkes outlines the social and family history of the region in a series of concise chapters. She discusses the origins of its religious and civic institutions, transport systems and major industries. Important local firms and families are used to illustrate aspects of local heritage, and each section directs the reader towards appropriate resources for their research.No previous knowledge of genealogy is assumed and in-depth reading on particular topics is recommended. The focus is on records relating to Manchester and Salford, including current districts and townships, and sources for religious and ethnic minorities are covered. A directory of the relevant archives, libraries, academic repositories, databases, societies, websites and places to visit, is a key feature of this practical book.

Irish London

Author : Richard Kirkland
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350133205
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Irish London by : Richard Kirkland

Download or read book Irish London written by Richard Kirkland and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2022 British Association of Irish Studies (BAIS) Book Prize In the years following the Irish Famine (1845–52), London became one of the cities of Ireland. The number of Irish in London swelled to over 100,000 and from this mass migration emerged a distinctive and vibrant culture based on a shared sense of history, identity and experience. In this book, Richard Kirkland brings together elements in Irish London's culture and history that had previously only been understood separately or indeed largely overlooked (as in the case of women's' contributions to London Irish politics and culture). In particular, Kirkland makes resonant cultural connections between Irish and cockney performers in the music halls, Irish trade fairs, temperance marches, the Fenian dynamite war of the 1880s, St Patrick's Day events, and the later cultural agitation of revivalists such as W.B. Yeats and Katharine Tynan. Irish London: A Cultural History 1850–1916 is both a significant contribution to our understanding of Irish emigrant communities in London at this time and an insightful case study for the comparative fields of cultural history and urban migration studies.

Conflict, Diaspora, and Empire

Author : Darragh Gannon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009175505
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conflict, Diaspora, and Empire by : Darragh Gannon

Download or read book Conflict, Diaspora, and Empire written by Darragh Gannon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The actions of Irish nationalists in Britain are often characterised as a 'sideshow' to the revolutionary events in Ireland between 1912 and 1922. This original study argues, conversely, that Irish nationalism in Britain was integral to contemporary Irish and British assessments of the Irish Revolution between the Third Home Rule Bill and the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Darragh Gannon charts the development of Irish nationalism across the Irish Sea over the course of a historic decade in United Kingdom history – from constitutional crisis, to war, and revolution. The book documents successive Home Rule and IRA campaigns in Britain coordinated by John Redmond and Michael Collins respectively and examines the mobilisation of Irish migrant communities in British cities in response to major political crises, from the Ulster crisis to the First World War. Finally, Conflict, Diaspora, and Empire assesses the impacts of Irish nationalism in metropolitan Britain, from Whitehall to Westminster. The Irish Revolution, this study concludes, was defined by political conflicts, and cultures, across the Irish Sea.

Henry Enfield Roscoe

Author : Peter John Turnbull Morris
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190844256
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Henry Enfield Roscoe by : Peter John Turnbull Morris

Download or read book Henry Enfield Roscoe written by Peter John Turnbull Morris and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-26 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now largely forgotten, Henry Enfield Roscoe was one of the most prominent chemists and educational reformers in Victorian Britain. His contributions include transforming Owens College into Victoria University, now the University of Manchester, campaigning for the reform of technical education, serving as the Liberal MP for South Manchester, and cofounding the Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine. In this detailed biography, authors Morris and Reed provide a timely and original contribution to the history of nineteenth-century British science and its relation to education, industry, and government policy, highlighting Roscoe's significant legacy as one of the leading scientists of his generation.

When the Irish Invaded Canada

Author : Christopher Klein
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0525434011
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis When the Irish Invaded Canada by : Christopher Klein

Download or read book When the Irish Invaded Canada written by Christopher Klein and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Christopher Klein's fresh telling of this story is an important landmark in both Irish and American history." —James M. McPherson Just over a year after Robert E. Lee relinquished his sword, a band of Union and Confederate veterans dusted off their guns. But these former foes had no intention of reigniting the Civil War. Instead, they fought side by side to undertake one of the most fantastical missions in military history: to seize the British province of Canada and to hold it hostage until the independence of Ireland was secured. By the time that these invasions--known collectively as the Fenian raids--began in 1866, Ireland had been Britain's unwilling colony for seven hundred years. Thousands of Civil War veterans who had fled to the United States rather than perish in the wake of the Great Hunger still considered themselves Irishmen first, Americans second. With the tacit support of the U.S. government and inspired by a previous generation of successful American revolutionaries, the group that carried out a series of five attacks on Canada--the Fenian Brotherhood--established a state in exile, planned prison breaks, weathered infighting, stockpiled weapons, and assassinated enemies. Defiantly, this motley group, including a one-armed war hero, an English spy infiltrating rebel forces, and a radical who staged his own funeral, managed to seize a piece of Canada--if only for three days. When the Irish Invaded Canada is the untold tale of a band of fiercely patriotic Irish Americans and their chapter in Ireland's centuries-long fight for independence. Inspiring, lively, and often undeniably comic, this is a story of fighting for what's right in the face of impossible odds.

The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume III

Author : Liam Chambers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192581503
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume III by : Liam Chambers

Download or read book The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume III written by Liam Chambers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume of The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism examines the period from the defeat of the Jacobite army at the battle of Culloden in 1746 to the enactment of Catholic emancipation in 1829. The first part of the volume offers a chronological overview tracing the decline of Jacobitism, the easing of penal legislation which targeted Catholics, the complex impact of the French Revolution, the debates about the place of Catholics in the post-Union state, and - following the mass mobilisation of Irish Catholics - the passage of emancipation. The second part of the volume shows that this political history can only be properly understood with reference to the broader transformations that occurred in the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The period witnessed the expansion of Catholic infrastructure (pastoral structures, chapel building, elementary education and finances) and changes in Catholic practice, for example in liturgy and devotion. The growing infrastructure and more public profession of Catholicism occurred in a society where anti-Catholicism remained a force, but the volume also addresses the accommodations and interactions with non-Catholics that attended daily life. Crucially, the transformations of this period were international, as well as national. The volume examines the British and Irish convents, colleges, friaries and monasteries on the continent, especially during the events of the 1790s when many institutions closed and successor or new ones emerged at home. The international dimensions of British and Irish Catholicism extended beyond Europe too as the British Empire expanded globally, and attention is given to the involvement of British and Irish Catholics in imperial expansion. This volume addresses the literary, intellectual and cultural expressions of Catholicism in Britain and Ireland. Catholics produced a rich literature in English, Irish, Scots Gaelic and Welsh, although the volume shows the disparities in provision. They also engaged with and participated in the Catholic Enlightenment, particularly as they grappled with the challenges of accommodation to a Protestant constitution. This also had consequences for the public expression of Catholicism and the volume concludes by exploring the shifting expression of belief through music and material culture.

The Sash on the Mersey

Author : Mervyn Busteed
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1835534171
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sash on the Mersey by : Mervyn Busteed

Download or read book The Sash on the Mersey written by Mervyn Busteed and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-16 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines how an organisation originating in late eighteenth-century Ireland became a significant and controversial element in Liverpool history. Using a wide range of sources including rarely accessed Orange Order records it places the Order within an early nineteenth-century Liverpool context of apocalyptic evangelical Protestantism, a labour market dominated by irregular dock work, a growing influx of immigrant Catholic Irish, marked residential segregation and sporadic civil conflict. It explores how the Order survived official disapproval, dissolution and schism to become deeply rooted within Protestant working-class communities. It analyses the attractions of lodge life, the appeal of ritual, colourful regalia and 12th July processions, the intense social bonding within lodges, the mutual support provided in adversity and measure taken to guard and transmit their world view. The intense royalism and patriotism of the Order and its troubled relationship with the Church of England are examined plus its role in sustaining the working class Tory vote which contributed to a century long Conservative hegemony in city politics. The book concludes with the cultural and socio-economic changes in British society which marginalised the core concerns of the Order, triggering decline in strength, visibility and significance in civic life.

Jews in Nineteenth-Century Britain

Author : Alysa Levene
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350102199
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Jews in Nineteenth-Century Britain by : Alysa Levene

Download or read book Jews in Nineteenth-Century Britain written by Alysa Levene and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines Jewish communities in Britain in an era of immense social, economic and religious change: from the acceleration of industrialisation to the end of the first phase of large-scale Jewish immigration from Europe. Using the 1851 census alongside extensive charity and community records, Jews in Nineteenth-Century Britain tests the impact of migration, new types of working and changes in patterns of worship on the family and community life of seven of the fastest-growing industrial towns in Britain. Communal life for the Jews living there (over a third of whom had been born overseas) was a constantly shifting balance between the generation of wealth and respectability, and the risks of inundation by poor newcomers. But while earlier studies have used this balance as a backdrop for the story of individual Jewish communities, this book highlights the interactions between the people who made them up. At the core of the book is the question of what membership of the 'imagined community' of global Jewry meant: how it helped those who belonged to it, how it affected where they lived and who they lived with, the jobs that they did and the wealth or charity that they had access to. By stitching together patterns of residence, charity and worship, Alysa Levene is here able to reveal that religious and cultural bonds had vital functions both for making ends meet and for the formation of identity in a period of rapid demographic, religious and cultural change.

Migrant Representations

Author : Peter Leese
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1802070710
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Migrant Representations by : Peter Leese

Download or read book Migrant Representations written by Peter Leese and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migrant Representations pairs twenty-four carefully selected histories in order to compare how migrants themselves – Irish labourer, Lithuanian refugee or Indian doctor – and their social investigators capture in words and images defining private and historical moments. These comparative case studies from the 1780s to the 2000s explore how migrants constructed their own narratives of mobility and settlement through procedures of reflecting, remembering and recording. Moreover, these studies examine how speech, writing, and picture were used, for instance, by a missionary, social scientist or activist to make ‘outside’ representations of the migrant. Such life-stories, social surveys, and pictures emerge as alternative archives. Leese’s transnational, cultural history considers life-story forms and their uses; the tension between external surveillance and self-observation; the power of narratives to afford legibility and acknowledgement. Leese argues that, historically and in the present, first-person migrant stories and outsider investigations create a continuous charged exchange of views where both migrant and observer negotiate position, authority, authenticity, and potential advantage. Within the history of migrant representations this exchange generates a persistent, subversive strain of opposition and critique. Such self-observations, observations of others, and images never settle.

Metropolis

Author : Ben Wilson
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0385543476
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

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Book Synopsis Metropolis by : Ben Wilson

Download or read book Metropolis written by Ben Wilson and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a captivating tour of cities famous and forgotten, acclaimed historian Ben Wilson tells the glorious, millennia-spanning story how urban living sparked humankind's greatest innovations. “A towering achievement. . . . Reading this book is like visiting an exhilarating city for the first time—dazzling.” —The Wall Street Journal During the two hundred millennia of humanity’s existence, nothing has shaped us more profoundly than the city. From their very beginnings, cities created such a flourishing of human endeavor—new professions, new forms of art, worship and trade—that they kick-started civilization. Guiding us through the centuries, Wilson reveals the innovations nurtured by the inimitable energy of human beings together: civics in the agora of Athens, global trade in ninth-century Baghdad, finance in the coffeehouses of London, domestic comforts in the heart of Amsterdam, peacocking in Belle Époque Paris. In the modern age, the skyscrapers of New York City inspired utopian visions of community design, while the trees of twenty-first-century Seattle and Shanghai point to a sustainable future in the age of climate change. Page-turning, irresistible, and rich with engrossing detail, Metropolis is a brilliant demonstration that the story of human civilization is the story of cities.

Trad Nation

Author : Tes Slominski
Publisher : Wesleyan University Press
ISBN 13 : 0819579297
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Trad Nation by : Tes Slominski

Download or read book Trad Nation written by Tes Slominski and published by Wesleyan University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just how "Irish" is traditional Irish music? Trad Nation combines ethnography, oral history, and archival research to challenge the longstanding practice of using ethnic nationalism as a framework for understanding vernacular music traditions. Tes Slominski argues that ethnic nationalism hinders this music's development today in an increasingly multiethnic Ireland and in the transnational Irish traditional music scene. She discusses early 21st century women whose musical lives were shaped by Ireland's struggles to become a nation; follows the career of Julia Clifford, a fiddler who lived much of her life in England, and explores the experiences of women, LGBTQ+ musicians, and musicians of color in the early 21st century.

Law and Society in England 1750-1950

Author : William Cornish
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509931252
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and Society in England 1750-1950 by : William Cornish

Download or read book Law and Society in England 1750-1950 written by William Cornish and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and Society in England 1750–1950 is an indispensable text for those wishing to study English legal history and to understand the foundations of the modern British state. In this new updated edition the authors explore the complex relationship between legal and social change. They consider the ways in which those in power themselves imagined and initiated reform and the ways in which they were obliged to respond to demands for change from outside the legal and political classes. What emerges is a lively and critical account of the evolution of modern rights and expectations, and an engaging study of the formation of contemporary social, administrative and legal institutions and ideas, and the road that was travelled to create them. The book is divided into eight chapters: Institutions and Ideas; Land; Commerce and Industry; Labour Relations; The Family; Poverty and Education; Accidents; and Crime. This extensively referenced analysis of modern social and legal history will be invaluable to students and teachers of English law, political science, and social history.

A Liberal Chronicle in Peace and War

Author : Cameron Hazlehurst
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192887068
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis A Liberal Chronicle in Peace and War by : Cameron Hazlehurst

Download or read book A Liberal Chronicle in Peace and War written by Cameron Hazlehurst and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-19 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jack Pease was at the heart of the British Liberal government from 1908 to 1915, holding the position of Chief Whip through two general elections, and a member of the Cabinet confronting domestic tumult, international tensions, and war. Pease was an unassuming participant in the deliberations of a unique gathering of political talent. His journals as President of the Board of Education from 1911 to the formation of the coalition ministry in 1915 are a closely observed, unvarnished record of what he saw and heard in Downing St and Westminster: constitutional and Home Rule crises, industrial conflict, electoral reform, women's suffrage controversies, struggles over budgets, naval estimates, and foreign policy. Despite his Quaker beliefs, Pease committed to supporting war against Germany, and his troubled conscience is laid bare in letters to his wife and friends. Replete with intimate portraits of his revered chief H. H. Asquith and the Prime Minister's social circle, the journals also provide evocative observations of the contest of ideas, arguments, and moods of prominent contemporaries, especially David Lloyd George as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill as Home Secretary then First Lord of the Admiralty, and Lord Kitchener as Secretary of State for War. Pease's candid accounts, augmented by the diaries and letters of others privy to Cabinet policy secrets and personal rivalries, reveal the stories not told in the Prime Minister's reports to the King. Together with the editors' biographical introduction, extensive explanatory commentaries, and bibliographical guidance, Pease's text provides a uniquely comprehensive understanding of Asquith's Liberal government in peace and war.

Periodizing Secularization

Author : Clive D. Field
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198848803
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Periodizing Secularization by : Clive D. Field

Download or read book Periodizing Secularization written by Clive D. Field and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving beyond the (now somewhat tired) debates about secularization as paradigm, theory, or master narrative, Periodizing Secularization focuses upon the empirical evidence for secularization, viewed in its descriptive sense as the waning social influence of religion, in Britain. Particular emphasis is attached to the two key performance indicators of religious allegiance and churchgoing, each subsuming several sub-indicators, between 1880 and 1945, including the first substantive account of secularization during the fin de siecle. A wide range of primary sources is deployed, many of them relatively or entirely unknown, and with due regard to their methodological and interpretative challenges. On the back of them, a cross-cutting statistical measure of 'active church adherence' is devised, which clearly shows how secularization has been a reality and a gradual, not revolutionary, process. The most likely causes of secularization were an incremental demise of a Sabbatarian culture (coupled with the associated emergence of new leisure opportunities and transport links) and of religious socialization (in the church, at home, and in the school). The analysis is also extended backwards, to include a summary of developments during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and laterally, to incorporate a preliminary evaluation of a six-dimensional model of 'diffusive religion', demonstrating that these alternative performance indicators have hitherto failed to prove that secularization has not occurred. The book is designed as a prequel to the author's previous volumes on the chronology of British secularization - Britain's Last Religious Revival? (2015) and Secularization in the Long 1960s (2017). Together, they offer a holistic picture of religious transformation in Britain during the key secularizing century of 1880-1980.