Handbook of Science & Engineering of Green Corrosion Inhibitors

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 032390713X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Science & Engineering of Green Corrosion Inhibitors by : Chandrabhan Verma

Download or read book Handbook of Science & Engineering of Green Corrosion Inhibitors written by Chandrabhan Verma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Science and Engineering of Green Corrosion Inhibitors: Modern Theory, Fundamentals and Practical Applications presents developments in green corrosion inhibitors and current applications. The book provides an overview of green corrosion inhibitors such as plant extracts, chemical medicines, natural polymers, synthetic green compounds, carbohydrates, amino acids and oleochemicals that can cost-effectively minimize corrosive damage. The book handles several compounds used as anticorrosive materials for different metals and alloys in a versatile corrosive environment. Sections address the fundamental characteristics of green corrosion inhibition and deal with the economic impact of corrosion and forms of corrosion, while also assessing and classifying corrosion inhibitors. The book covers a broad range of applications in green corrosion inhibition and concludes with new emerging trends in corrosion protection such as high temperature corrosion and its protection and nanomaterials as corrosion inhibitors. - Provides an overview of environmentally sustainable (green) corrosion inhibitors utilized in modern industrial platforms - Evaluates corrosion inhibitors as prime options for sustainable and transformational opportunities - Serves as a valuable reference for scientists and engineers who are searching modern design for corrosion inhibitors - Covers both synthetic and natural environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors

Rare Earth-Based Corrosion Inhibitors

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857093584
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Rare Earth-Based Corrosion Inhibitors by : Maria Forsyth

Download or read book Rare Earth-Based Corrosion Inhibitors written by Maria Forsyth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion inhibitors are an important method for minimizing corrosion; however traditional inhibitors such as chromates pose environmental problems. Rare earth metals provide an important, environmentally-friendly alternative. This book provides a comprehensive review of current research and examines how rare earth metals can be used to prevent corrosion and applied to protect metals in such industries as aerospace and construction. Chapter 1 begins by examining the important need to replace chromate, and then goes on to discuss the chemistry of the rare earth metals and their related compounds. Chapter 2 considers the techniques that can be used to identify corrosion inhibition mechanisms and to test the levels of protection offered to different metals by rare earth compounds. Subsequent chapters consider in more detail how rare earth elements can be used as corrosion inhibitors in different forms and for different metals. This includes discussion on the potential of rare earth elements for self-healing, tunable and multifunctional coatings. Finally, chapter 10 considers the cost and availability of the rare earths and the potential health and environmental risks associated with extracting them. - Provides a review of current research and examines how rare earth metals can be used to prevent corrosion and applied to protect metals in such industries as aerospace and construction - Includes discussion on the potential of rare earth elements for self-healing, tunable and multifunctional coatings - Considers the cost and availability of the rare earths and the potential health and environmental risks associated with extracting them

Organic Inhibitors of Corrosion of Metals

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489919562
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Inhibitors of Corrosion of Metals by : Y.I. Kuznetsov

Download or read book Organic Inhibitors of Corrosion of Metals written by Y.I. Kuznetsov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Inhibitors of Corrosion of Metals provides a detailed review of the various theories advanced to explain the mechanisms of organic inhibitors. Author Yu.I. Kuznetsov explores the role of potential and charge of the metal, the nature of the organic species used as the inhibitor, and the function of the solvent. The author draws connections between these key elements and the processes of passivation, pitting, synergism, and complex formation. This unique volume brings together the mechanistic and practical aspects of corrosion control by organic inhibitors.

Electrochemical Materials Science

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475748256
Total Pages : 579 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Materials Science by : John Bockris

Download or read book Electrochemical Materials Science written by John Bockris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now time for a comprehensive treatise to look at the whole field of electrochemistry. The present treatise was conceived in 1974, and the earliest invitations to authors for contributions were made in 1975. The completion of the early been delayed by various factors. volumes has There has been no attempt to make each article emphasize the most recent situation at the expense of an overall statement of the modern view. This treatise is not a collection of articles from Recent Advances in Electrochemistry or Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. It is an attempt at making a mature statement about the present position in the vast area of what is best looked at as a new interdisciplinary field. Texas A & M University J. O'M. Bockris University of Ottawa B. E. Conway Case Western Reserve University Ernest Yeager Texas A & M University Ralph E. White Preface to Volume 4 The science of degradation of materials involves a vast area of science and technology, the economic importance of which rivals that of any other clearly defined area affecting the standard of life. The basis of the corrosion process is the electrochemical charge-transfer reaction, and the center of the subject of the degradation of materials is electrochemical material science.

Green Corrosion Inhibitors

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111801541X
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Corrosion Inhibitors by : V. S. Sastri

Download or read book Green Corrosion Inhibitors written by V. S. Sastri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are used in industry for corrosion inhibition. The applications of corrosion inhibition are wide ranging. Examples given in this book include: oil and gas wells, petrochemical plants, steel reinforced cement, water cooling systems, and many more. The final chapters discuss economic and environmental considerations which are now of prime importance. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, practicing corrosion engineers and students of materials science, engineering and applied chemistry.

Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111979448X
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Corrosion Inhibitors by : Chandrabhan Verma

Download or read book Organic Corrosion Inhibitors written by Chandrabhan Verma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of organic corrosion inhibitors used in modern industrial platforms, including current developments in the design of promising classes of organic corrosion inhibitors Corrosion is the cause of significant economic and safety-related problems that span across industries and applications, including production and processing operations, transportation and public utilities infrastructure, and oil and gas exploration. The use of organic corrosion inhibitors is a simple and cost-effective method for protecting processes, machinery, and materials while remaining environmentally acceptable. Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications provides up-to-date coverage of all aspects of organic corrosion inhibitors, including their fundamental characteristics, synthesis, characterization, inhibition mechanism, and industrial applications. Divided into five sections, the text first covers the basics of corrosion and prevention, experimental and computational testing, and the differences between organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors. The next section describes various heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic corrosion inhibitors, followed by discussion of the corrosion inhibition characteristics of carbohydrates, amino acids, and other organic green corrosion inhibitors. The final two sections examine the corrosion inhibition properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, and review the application of natural and synthetic polymers as corrosion inhibitors. Featuring contributions by leading researchers and scientists from academia and industry, this authoritative volume: Discusses the latest developments and issues in the area of corrosion inhibition, including manufacturing challenges and new industrial applications Explores the development and implementation of environmentally-friendly alternatives to traditional toxic corrosion inhibitors Covers both established and emerging classes of corrosion inhibitors as well as future research directions Describes the anticorrosive mechanisms and effects of acyclic, cyclic, natural, and synthetic corrosion inhibitors Offering an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications is essential reading for chemists, chemical engineers, researchers, industry professionals, and advanced students working in fields such as corrosion inhibitors, corrosion engineering, materials science, and applied chemistry.

Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industry

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352734618X
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industry by : Viswanathan S. Saji

Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industry written by Viswanathan S. Saji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industries Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for the oil and gas sectors, this book provides a thorough overview of the most recent advancements in this field. It systematically addresses corrosion inhibitors for various applications in the oil and gas value chain, as well as the fundamentals of corrosion inhibition and interference of inhibitors with co-additives. Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is presented in three parts. The first part on Fundamentals and Approaches focuses on principles and processes in the oil and gas industry, the types of corrosion encountered and their control methods, environmental factors affecting inhibition, material selection strategies, and economic aspects of corrosion. The second part on Choice of Inhibitors examines corrosion inhibitors for acidizing processes, inhibitors for sweet and sour corrosion, inhibitors in refinery operations, high-temperature corrosion inhibitors, inhibitors for challenging corrosive environments, inhibitors for microbiologically influenced corrosion, polymeric inhibitors, vapor phase inhibitors, and smart controlled release inhibitor systems. The last part on Interaction with Co-additives looks at industrial co-additives and their interference with corrosion inhibitors such as antiscalants, hydrate inhibitors, and sulfide scavengers. -Presents a well-structured and systematic overview of the fundamentals and factors affecting corrosion -Acts as a handy reference tool for scientists and engineers working with corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Collectively presents all the information available on the development and application of corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Offers a unique and specific focus on the oil and gas industries Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is an excellent resource for scientists in industry as well as in academia working in the field of corrosion protection for the oil and gas sectors, and will appeal to materials scientists, electrochemists, chemists, and chemical engineers.

New Challenges and Industrial Applications for Corrosion Prevention and Control

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Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799827771
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis New Challenges and Industrial Applications for Corrosion Prevention and Control by : El Kacimi, Younes

Download or read book New Challenges and Industrial Applications for Corrosion Prevention and Control written by El Kacimi, Younes and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals are used at an extremely high rate in the industrial and manufacturing fields. Exemplary properties including strength and ductility have made this material highly dynamic; however, the risk of corrosion remains a vital issue. The study of corrosion prevention has attracted interest from researchers and professionals as new technologies are emerging that can assist in the prevention of material destruction. However, research is lacking on the application of these protective technologies within specific fields. New Challenges and Industrial Applications for Corrosion Prevention and Control provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of protective methods against corrosion and the implementation of these techniques within a wide span of professional disciplines. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as molecular modeling, surface treatments, and biomaterials, this book is ideally designed for engineers, industrial chemists, material scientists, researchers, engineers, academicians, practitioners, and students seeking current research on the technological advancements in corrosion protection in various professional scopes.

Corrosion Inhibitors, Principles and Recent Applications

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Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535139177
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrosion Inhibitors, Principles and Recent Applications by : Mahmood Aliofkhazraei

Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors, Principles and Recent Applications written by Mahmood Aliofkhazraei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To protect metals or alloys from corrosion, some methods can be used such as isolating the structure from the aggressive media or compensating the loss of electrons from the corroded structure. The use of corrosion inhibitors may include organic and inorganic compounds that adsorb on the metallic structure to isolate it from its surrounding media to decrease oxidation-reduction processes. This book collects new developments about corrosion inhibitors and their recent applications.

Heterocyclic Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128196947
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Heterocyclic Organic Corrosion Inhibitors by : Mumtaz A. Quraishi

Download or read book Heterocyclic Organic Corrosion Inhibitors written by Mumtaz A. Quraishi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterocyclic Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Principles and Applications aims to comprehend the synthesis and application of organic heterocyclic compounds as corrosion inhibitors in various corrosive environments. Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for different industries, the book provides the fundamentals and most recent advancements in this field. The book is an indispensable reference tool for industrialists and academicians working in the field of corrosion protection. - Provides a systematic overview of fundamentals and current advancements - Acts as a primary reference for beginner researchers in this arena - Presents a handy reference tool to different chemical industries - Covers fundamentals, industrial applications and most recent advancements in this area

Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors I

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780841297906
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors I by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors I written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is about Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors"--

Green Corrosion Inhibitors

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 938 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Corrosion Inhibitors by : V. S. Sastri

Download or read book Green Corrosion Inhibitors written by V. S. Sastri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-04-22 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are used in industry for corrosion inhibition. The applications of corrosion inhibition are wide ranging. Examples given in this book include: oil and gas wells, petrochemical plants, steel reinforced cement, water cooling systems, and many more. The final chapters discuss economic and environmental considerations which are now of prime importance. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, practicing corrosion engineers and students of materials science, engineering and applied chemistry.

Environmentally Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323900704
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmentally Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors by : Chandrabhan Verma

Download or read book Environmentally Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors written by Chandrabhan Verma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmentally Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors: Fundamentals and Industrial Applications covers the latest research developments in environmentally friendly, sustainable corrosion inhibitors. The book addresses the fundamental characteristics, synthesis, characterization and mechanisms of corrosion inhibitors. In addition, it presents a chronological overview of the growth of the field, with numerous examples of its broad-ranging industrial applications in a.o. food, the environment, electronics, and the oil and gas industries. The book concludes with discussions about commercialization and economics. This is an indispensable reference for chemical engineers and chemists working in R&D and academia who want to learn more about environmentally-friendly, sustainable corrosion inhibitors systems. - Explains how to use environmentally-friendly, sustainable corrosion inhibitors in modern industry and manufacturing - Promotes corrosion inhibitors as a prime option for sustainable and transformational opportunities - Provides up-to-date reference material, including websites of interest and information on the latest research

Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857096885
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection by : Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

Download or read book Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A smart coating is defined as one that changes its properties in response to an environmental stimulus. The Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection reviews the new generation of smart coatings for corrosion and other types of material protection. Part one explores the fundamentals of smart coatings for materials protection including types, materials, design, and processing. Chapters review corrosion processes and strategies for prevention; smart coatings for corrosion protection; techniques for synthesizing and applying smart coatings; multi-functional, self-healing coatings; and current and future trends of protective coatings for automotive, aerospace, and military applications. Chapters in part two focus on smart coatings with self-healing properties for corrosion protection, including self-healing anticorrosion coatings for structural and petrochemical engineering applications; smart self-healing coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and steel; smart nanocoatings for corrosion detection and control; and recent advances in polyaniline-based organic coatings for corrosion protection. Chapters in part three move on to highlight other types of smart coatings, including smart self-cleaning coatings for corrosion protection; smart polymer nanocomposite water- and oil-repellent coatings for aluminum; UV-curable organic polymer coatings for corrosion protection of steel; smart epoxy coatings for early detection of corrosion in steel and aluminum; and structural ceramics with self-healing properties. The Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection is a valuable reference for those concerned with preventing corrosion, particularly of metals, professionals working within the surface coating industries, as well as all those with an academic research interest in the field. - Reviews the new generation of smart coatings for corrosion and other types of material protection - Explores the fundamentals of smart coatings for materials protection including types, materials, design, and processing - Includes a focus on smart coatings with self-healing properties for corrosion protection

Corrosion of Aluminium

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080472362
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrosion of Aluminium by : Christian Vargel

Download or read book Corrosion of Aluminium written by Christian Vargel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-02 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of Aluminium highlights the practical and general aspects of the corrosion of aluminium alloys with many illustrations and references. In addition to that, the first chapter allows the reader who is not very familiar with aluminium to understand the metallurgical, chemical and physical features of the aluminium alloys. The author Christian Vargel, has adopted a practitioner approach, based on the expertise and experience gained from a 40 year career in aluminium corrosion This approach is most suitable for assessing the corrosion resistance of aluminium- an assessment which is one of the main conditions for the development of many uses of aluminium in transport, construction, power transmission etc. - 600 bibliographic references provide a comprehensive guide to over 100 years of related study - Providing practical applications to the reader across many industries - Accessible to both the beginner and the expert

Durability of Concrete and Cement Composites

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845693396
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Durability of Concrete and Cement Composites by : Chris L. Page

Download or read book Durability of Concrete and Cement Composites written by Chris L. Page and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-06-30 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whilst most structures made using concrete and cement-based composites have not shown signs of premature degradation, there have been notable exceptions. In addition, there is increasing pressure for new structures to remain in serviceable condition for long periods with only minimal maintenance before being recycled. All these factors have highlighted the issues of what affects the durability of these materials in different circumstances and how material properties can be measured and improved. Durability of concrete and cement composites summarises key research on these important topics.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews the pore structure and chemistry of cement-based materials, providing the foundation for understanding the particular aspects of degradation which are discussed in the following chapters. These include dimensional stability and cracking processes, chemical and microbiological degradation of concrete, corrosion of reinforcing and prestressing steels, deterioration associated with certain aggregates, effects of frost and problems involving fibre-reinforced and polymer-cement composites.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Durability of concrete and cement composites is a standard reference for all those concerned with improving the service life of structures using these materials. - Analyses a range of materials such as reinforced steel in concrete, pre-stressed concrete and cement composites - Discusses key degradation phenomena such as cracking processes and the impact of cold weather conditions - A standard reference for those concerned with improving the service life of structures using concrete and cement based composites

Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete by : Bernhard Elsener

Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete written by Bernhard Elsener and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject. Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems for infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, housing etc. since it leads to spalling of the concrete and loss in cross section of the steel that may cause structural and safety problems. The steel in concrete generally resists corrosion as a result of a passive layer that develops on the metal surface in the alkaline environment of the concrete. Corrosion can occur if these conditions are disturbed, for example, in the presence of chlorides or with carbonation of concrete. Traditional repair methods consist in removing the deteriorated concrete and replacing it but these can be laborious, noisy and very costly. To avoid these disadvantages new methods have been developed in recent years. These include electrochemical procedures and, increasingly, the use of inhibitors. The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject.The report, under the editorship of Prof. Bernhard Elsener, was prepared by a Task Group of the EFC Working Party on Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete. In a literature review it describes inorganic and organic chemicals that have been proposed and examined as well as the commercial corrosion inhibitors that are available on the market. Protection mechanism and possible effects of inhibitors on concrete properties are described. Practical experience with inhibitors for steel in concrete and the long term effectiveness are considered. The various test methods for evaluating the behaviour of the inhibitors are described and critically assessed. In a rapidly evolving field this State of the Art Report, based mainly on independent not commercial literature, will be of value to corrosion engineers and civil engineers concerned with maintenance and repair of reinforced concrete structures.