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The Influence Of Lithic Raw Material Selection On Regional Morphological Variability Of Clovis Fluted Points
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Book Synopsis The Influence of Lithic Raw Material Selection on Regional Morphological Variability of Clovis Fluted Points by : Alan M. Slade
Download or read book The Influence of Lithic Raw Material Selection on Regional Morphological Variability of Clovis Fluted Points written by Alan M. Slade and published by British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Limited. This book was released on 2020 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clovis is widely regarded as the oldest archaeologically visible, reasonably well-defined, and relatively homogenous early archaeological culture in North America. This body of work looks at the variability of Clovis fluted points and the lithic raw materials that they were produced on.
Book Synopsis A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics by : Heather Lynn Smith
Download or read book A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics written by Heather Lynn Smith and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents an investigation into Paleoindian projectile-point morphology. A goal of this research is to determine if evidence of a normative cultural manufacturing protocol can be identified on Clovis projectile points which can then be used to address research questions concerning Clovis point variability, and ultimately, the spread of this tool-form across North America. This paper addresses obstacles to behavioral investigations of stone tool morphology such as the effects of resharpening and raw material type on tool shape. I argue that a culturally normative process of manufacture was maintained throughout the life-history of Clovis projectile points which translated into a specific shape maintained to the time of exhaustion and discard. As an analytical tool, this study utilizes the geometric morphometric method to retain the geometry of each artifact throughout analysis by focusing on spatial covariation among landmarks uniformly found on each tool. This thesis investigates variability in 123 fluted projectile points from 23 archaeological sites in North America which met criteria meant to control for security of context in the archaeological record. Principle components describing the shape-variability inherent in this data-set were generated using geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to identify major factors of variability. This research concluded that Clovis projectile-point shape was determined by normative cultural behavior maintained throughout the life of the artifact and not the result of raw material type or resharpening processes. Therefore, the projectile-point variability found to be geographically patterned provided evidence of Paleoindian movement and the spread of tool form. Multivariate analysis of variance determined that a regional trend in variability was present. The distribution of within-site variance suggested that artifacts from sites in the West were very homogeneous while artifacts from Eastern sites were more variable. The multivariate cluster and discriminant function analyses also demonstrated a closer affinity between artifacts in the Southwest and Northwest than either has with the Northeast. The similarities in projectile point morphology between the Southwest and Northwest regions suggest movement beginning with a Southwest point of origin from which Pleistocene peoples may have carried their fluted point technology north and east.
Book Synopsis Clovis Lithic Manufacturing Variability at the Allendale Chert Quarries by : Andrew James Weidman
Download or read book Clovis Lithic Manufacturing Variability at the Allendale Chert Quarries written by Andrew James Weidman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research is the result of archaeological testing that occurred from 2010-2012 at 38AL228, a multi-component quarry related site in Allendale County, South Carolina. This thesis 1) provides a summary of the testing in order to define the cultural sequence and isolate the Clovis component for further analysis, and 2) compares the Clovis lithic assemblage from 38AL228 with the Clovis lithic assemblage from the Topper site (38AL23) to explore possible manufacturing variability based on distance from the source of raw material within the Allendale chert quarries. The premise for the comparative analysis is framed around the concept of differential lithic signatures and site functions within a lithic quarry region as developed by Gardner (1974, 1977) for the Flint Run Quarry Complex in Virginia. No naturally occurring source of Allendale chert has been found at 38AL228, the nearest being 150-200 meters away, while Topper is located directly adjacent to a primary chert source. The large quantity of tools, cores, and lithic manufacturing debris at 38AL228 suggests that raw material was transported in and tool manufacturing occurred at the site. This analysis tests whether any substantive variation in lithic manufacturing exists between the two assemblages and examines the results in the context of proximity to the raw material source. The results of this analysis demonstrate variability in certain aspects of lithic manufacturing at 38AL228 and Topper and no recognizable variability in other aspects. Distance from the raw material source did not significantly influence Clovis biface production. All stages of Clovis biface manufacture are represented at 38AL228, and their distribution is proportionally similar to the Clovis bifaces recovered at Topper. Clovis blade technology is encountered more frequently at 38AL228 than Topper, suggesting that high-quality chert nodules or prepared blade cores were selectively imported into 38AL228 for blade manufacture. The types and frequency of Clovis flake tools indicate that non-lithic manufacturing activities were occurring in similar proportions at 38AL228 and Topper.
Book Synopsis Lithic Technological Systems and Evolutionary Theory by : Nathan Goodale
Download or read book Lithic Technological Systems and Evolutionary Theory written by Nathan Goodale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-22 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stone tool analysis relies on a strong background in analytical and methodological techniques. However, lithic technological analysis has not been well integrated with a theoretically informed approach to understanding how humans procured, made, and used stone tools. Evolutionary theory has great potential to fill this gap. This collection of essays brings together several different evolutionary perspectives to demonstrate how lithic technological systems are a by-product of human behavior. The essays cover a range of topics, including human behavioral ecology, cultural transmission, phylogenetic analysis, risk management, macroevolution, dual inheritance theory, cladistics, central place foraging, costly signaling, selection, drift, and various applications of evolutionary ecology.
Book Synopsis Lithic Technological Organization and Paleoenvironmental Change by : Erick Robinson
Download or read book Lithic Technological Organization and Paleoenvironmental Change written by Erick Robinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this edited volume is to bring together a diverse set of analyses to document how small-scale societies responded to paleoenvironmental change based on the evidence of their lithic technologies. The contributions bring together an international forum for interpreting changes in technological organization - embracing a wide range of time periods, geographic regions and methodological approaches. As technology brings more refined information on ancient climates, the research on spatial and temporal variability of paleoenvironmental changes. In turn, this has also broadened considerations of the many ways that prehistoric hunter-gatherers may have responded to fluctuations in resource bases. From an archaeological perspective, stone tools and their associated debitage provide clues to understanding these past choices and decisions, and help to further the investigation into how variable human responses may have been. Despite significant advances in the theory and methodology of lithic technological analysis, there have been few attempts to link these developments to paleoenvironmental research on a global scale.
Book Synopsis Lithic Raw Material Variability and the Reduction of Short-term-use Implements by : Harry Joseph Lerner
Download or read book Lithic Raw Material Variability and the Reduction of Short-term-use Implements written by Harry Joseph Lerner and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2007 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chipped stone tools are a truly dynamic medium of material culture. From initial reduction to contemporary excavation, lithic artifacts undergo continuous change. The role of the properties of raw materials in determining rates of use-wear accrual is poorly understood and has rarely been assessed quantitatively. This study offers such quantification regarding four materials exploited for the production of short-term use implements at the Late Archaic FA2-13 site located just outside the city of Farmington, New Mexico. Both experimental and archaeological use-wear evidence was assessed in separate but related ways. Digital image analysis of use-wear invasiveness using ClemexVision PE and GIS analysis of use-wear homogeneity using Idrisi Kilimanjaro yielded distinct but highly complementary results. Direct testing of material properties of non-archaeological samples using a Hysitron Triboindenter served to further clarify these findings in terms of the complex relationship between raw material surfacehardness and roughness. The results of the present study show that there are significant differences between rates of wear accrual among the four materials. Analysis of tools from FA2-13 indicates that while scraping activities likely did predominate, it may also be feasible to generate more detailed assessments regarding the kinds of scraping activities that were undertaken and the respective intensities with which they were performed. This increased insight can then be extrapolated for application to long-term use technologies and their more complex life histories.
Book Synopsis The Hogeye Clovis Cache by : Michael R. Waters
Download or read book The Hogeye Clovis Cache written by Michael R. Waters and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roughly thirteen thousand years ago, Clovis hunters cached more than fifty projectile points, preforms, and knives at the toe of a gentle slope near present-day Elgin, Bastrop County, in central Texas. Over the next millennia, deposition buried the cache several meters below the surface. The entombed artifacts lay undisturbed until 2003. A circuitous path brought thirteen of the original thirty-seven Clovis bifaces and points through many hands before reaching the attention of Michael Waters at Texas A&M University. At the site of the original cache, Waters and coauthor Thomas A. Jennings conducted excavations, studied the geology, and dated the geological layers to reconstruct how the cache was buried. This book provides a well-illustrated, thoroughly analyzed description and discussion of the Hogeye Clovis cache, the projectile points and other artifacts from later occupations, and the geological context of the site, which has yielded evidence of multiple Paleoindian, Archaic, and Late Prehistoric occupations. The cache of tools and weapons at Hogeye, when combined with other sites, allows us to envision a snapshot of life at the end of the last Ice Age.
Book Synopsis Mississippi Projectile Point Guide by : Samuel O. McGahey
Download or read book Mississippi Projectile Point Guide written by Samuel O. McGahey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clovis Lithic Technology by : Michael R. Waters
Download or read book Clovis Lithic Technology written by Michael R. Waters and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some 13,000 years ago, humans were drawn repeatedly to a small valley in what is now Central Texas, near the banks of Buttermilk Creek. These early hunter-gatherers camped, collected stone, and shaped it into a variety of tools they needed to hunt game, process food, and subsist in the Texas wilderness. Their toolkit included bifaces, blades, and deadly spear points. Where they worked, they left thousands of pieces of debris, which have allowed archaeologists to reconstruct their methods of tool production. Along with the faunal material that was also discarded in their prehistoric campsite, these stone, or lithic, artifacts afford a glimpse of human life at the end of the last ice age during an era referred to as Clovis. The area where these people roamed and camped, called the Gault site, is one of the most important Clovis sites in North America. A decade ago a team from Texas A&M University excavated a single area of the site—formally named Excavation Area 8, but informally dubbed the Lindsey Pit—which features the densest concentration of Clovis artifacts and the clearest stratigraphy at the Gault site. Some 67,000 lithic artifacts were recovered during fieldwork, along with 5,700 pieces of faunal material. In a thorough synthesis of the evidence from this prehistoric “workshop,” Michael R. Waters and his coauthors provide the technical data needed to interpret and compare this site with other sites from the same period, illuminating the story of Clovis people in the Buttermilk Creek Valley.
Book Synopsis Stone Tools in Human Evolution by : John J. Shea
Download or read book Stone Tools in Human Evolution written by John J. Shea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of how the evolution of behavioral differences between humans and other primates affected the archaeological stone tool evidence.
Book Synopsis From Clovis to Comanchero by : Jack L. Hofman
Download or read book From Clovis to Comanchero written by Jack L. Hofman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Kostenki to Clovis by : Olga Soffer
Download or read book From Kostenki to Clovis written by Olga Soffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the American Side I went to the USSR for the first time in 1982 to attend the 11th meeting of the International Union for Quaternary research (INQUA) held at the Moscow State University. At that time relations between our two countries were anything but congenial and many restrictions were placed on our viewing the archaeological and paleontological collections and labora tory facilities. This was not the ideal climate for the free exchange of ideas needed for meaningful research. However, it was obvious to us that the strained relations did not extend to scientific discussions between scholars. We left that meeting well aware that if the problems of prehistoric Old World-New World relationships were to be resolved, it would eventually require cooperative research efforts within the world community of archaeologists. At that time, the pre-Clovis problem in New World archaeology was foremost in the minds of many North American researchers: tool technology and assemblages were being studied as a possible means of establishing cultural relationships across the Bering Strait, Clovis sites and mammoth kills were being looked at with new ideas for interpretation, and New World researchers realized that to resolve these questions they had to become familiar with the archaeological record of northeast Asia. A chance meeting of the writer with Olga Soffer in 1983 led to serious discussions of the sites on the Russian or East European Plain.
Book Synopsis The Prehistory of Texas by : Timothy K. Perttula
Download or read book The Prehistory of Texas written by Timothy K. Perttula and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first look at the prehistory of Texas by 16 professional archaeologist.
Book Synopsis Late Paleoindian Occupation of the Southern Rocky Mountains by : Bonnie L. Pitblado
Download or read book Late Paleoindian Occupation of the Southern Rocky Mountains written by Bonnie L. Pitblado and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation In this revision of her dissertation, Pitblado (anthropology, Utah State U.) presents a substantial analysis based on a regional comparison of 589 late Paleoindian projectile points from the Rockies, Plains, Colorado Plateau, and Great Basin areas of Colorado and Utah. Her analysis considers the land use strategies employed by people in the southern Rockies region 10,000-7,500 years ago. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Book Synopsis The El Malpais Archeological Survey by : Robert P. Powers
Download or read book The El Malpais Archeological Survey written by Robert P. Powers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clovis Caches written by Bruce B. Huckell and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A unique, significant contribution to our maturing studies of the Clovis era.”—Gary Haynes, author of The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era The Paleoindian Clovis culture is known for distinctive stone and bone tools often associated with mammoth and bison remains, dating back some 13,500 years. While the term Clovis is known to every archaeology student, few books have detailed the specifics of Clovis archaeology. This collection of essays investigates caches of Clovis tools, many of which have only recently come to light. These caches are time capsules that allow archaeologists to examine Clovis tools at earlier stages of manufacture than the broken and discarded artifacts typically recovered from other sites. The studies comprising this volume treat methodological and theoretical issues including the recognition of Clovis caches, Clovis lithic technology, mobility, and land use.
Book Synopsis Human Adaptation in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains by : George Sabo
Download or read book Human Adaptation in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains written by George Sabo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
