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The Indirect And Direct Effects Of Temperature And Host Plant Resistance On Population Growth Of Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Biotype 1
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Book Synopsis The Indirect and Direct Effects of Temperature and Host Plant Resistance on Population Growth of Soybean Aphid (Aphis Glycines) Biotype 1 by : Ashley Rose Hough
Download or read book The Indirect and Direct Effects of Temperature and Host Plant Resistance on Population Growth of Soybean Aphid (Aphis Glycines) Biotype 1 written by Ashley Rose Hough and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature has an important indirect impact on pest populations. Direct effects occur, but also may result from temperature-induced changes in plant quality, including the expression of host plant resistance traits. Therefore, I examined both indirect and direct effects of temperature on biotype 1 soybean aphids (SBA), Aphis glycines, on a Rag1-resistant soybean variety and compared the effects with a susceptible variety to gain a better understanding of how temperature impacts SBA. Four aphid responses were evaluated: preimaginal development, survival to adulthood, number of progeny produced, and adult longevity. In the first experiment, I grew soybean seedlings to the V-0 stage at 25°C and then conditioned them for 0, 3 or 5 days at 20° or 30°C before infesting with a single first instar SBA at each of the two experimental temperatures. Based on previous literature for SBA, I hypothesized that conditioning plants at the lower temperature would cause resistance to break down and that longer exposure would exacerbate the effect. Results showed that conditioning soybeans to 20°C significantly reduced SBA survival, and the effect on survival increased with longer conditioning. Conditioning plants to 30°C had no significant effect on SBA survival. However, estimated population growth decreased as conditioning time increased at 30°C and this effect was also observed at 20°C. Thus, plant resistance may have increased at both temperatures. The second experiment compared SBA responses, including population growth, at four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 300C) on a Rag1-resistant and susceptible soybean variety. I predicted that SBA fitness would be lower at all temperatures on resistant soybeans, but the magnitude of differences between cultivars would not be uniform across temperatures. Results indicated that both temperature (highest and lowest) and plant resistance detrimentally affected SBA fitness. There was also a significant interaction between the two variables with respect to SBA survival. Survival was lower and development rates were slower on the resistant cultivar. SBA required more degree-days to develop on resistant soybeans compared to the susceptible cultivar. This information will aid soybean producers in implementing a cost-efficient IPM strategy involving Rag1 resistant soybeans to combat SBA under a range of temperatures.
Book Synopsis Different Sources of Resistance in Soybean Against Soybean Aphid Biotypes by : Predeesh Chandran
Download or read book Different Sources of Resistance in Soybean Against Soybean Aphid Biotypes written by Predeesh Chandran and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, arrived first to North America during the midst of 2000. It is a very fast spreading insect and causes a high yield loss of above 50% in most of the soybean growing tracts of United States. Another important economic threat is it's ability to transmit some viruses to soybean. Studies to control this exotic pest started early during the year of its arrival. But a complete integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes a combination of different control measures has yet to be completely developed. Host plant resistance is one component of integrated pest management and is more sustainable than any other control methods against this insect. In the first study, more than 80 genotypes were screened with two given aphid biotypes, biotype 1 and biotype 2. It was found that the genotypes that were earlier resistant to biotype 1 (K1639, K1642, K1613 K1621, Dowling and Jackson) were susceptible to the new biotype 2 with large populations developing on these genotypes. But we found three new Kansas genotypes that showed resistance only against biotype 1, but not against biotype 2. However, the two of the Michigan genotypes (E06902 and E07906-2) showed resistance to both biotype 1and biotype 2. In second study, the feeding behavior analyses of aphid biotypes were done using the EPG, Electrical penetration graph, technique for a recorded 9 hrs probing time. The resistant and susceptible genotypes show significant differences in their EPG parameters, especially for the sieve element duration in both biotypes. Most of the aphids reached sieve element phase (> 90%) in susceptible genotypes, but only few (
Book Synopsis Host Plant Resistance and Insecticide Resistance Studies for Soybean Aphid Sphis Glycines Matsumura by : Desmi Indumali Chandrasena
Download or read book Host Plant Resistance and Insecticide Resistance Studies for Soybean Aphid Sphis Glycines Matsumura written by Desmi Indumali Chandrasena and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Previous Feeding on Antibiosis Levels of Soybeans by : Poornima Viswanathan
Download or read book Effect of Previous Feeding on Antibiosis Levels of Soybeans written by Poornima Viswanathan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines is documented to have arrived in North America in mid 2000 and has ever since established itself as a formidable pest of soybeans, with the capacity to cause immense crop losses. This formidable pest with its complex life cycle and habits represents a current threat to soybean production. Host plant resistance is a promising avenue that can offer considerable control over the soybean aphid problem. Antibiosis being the most effective host plant resistance category, this study was aimed at attempting to understand the effects of induction on the antibiosis levels of soybeans. In the first set of experiments, different soybean genotypes and two soybean aphid biotypes were tested to comprehend if and how the genotypes and biotypes affected the survival and reproduction of the aphid. The experiments revealed mixed results that can be attributed to the genotypes tested and the biotypes used. While some genotypes showed no significant changes due to previous infestation, K1621 suggested signs of induced resistance to biotype 1 and PI567301B showed induced resistance to biotype 2, while K1639 pointed towards induced susceptibility to biotype 2. A follow up feeding behavior study with Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique was carried out on PI567301B to elucidate if the induced resistance was tissue-specific, which could affect the feeding behavior of the aphid (biotype 2); but the results showed no appreciable differences in the feeding behavior of the aphids on clean vs. infested plants. Induced response studies shed light on how plants respond to herbivory and help us identify how changes in plant physiology affect the various herbivores that visit it for food and shelter. This knowledge can thus be applied to the development of superior varieties of crops that can defend themselves better against recurring infestations.
Book Synopsis Screening Early Maturing Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Germplasm for Resistance to the Soybean Aphid (Aphis Glycines Matsumura) by : Clarice Mensah
Download or read book Screening Early Maturing Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Germplasm for Resistance to the Soybean Aphid (Aphis Glycines Matsumura) written by Clarice Mensah and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Fertilization on the Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines Matsumura and the Effects of Soybean Aphids and Fertilization on Soybean Plants by : Abigail Jan Walter
Download or read book Effects of Fertilization on the Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines Matsumura and the Effects of Soybean Aphids and Fertilization on Soybean Plants written by Abigail Jan Walter and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Insect Pests by : Geoff M. Gurr
Download or read book Biodiversity and Insect Pests written by Geoff M. Gurr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity offers great potential for managing insect pests. It provides resistance genes and anti-insect compounds; a huge range of predatory and parasitic natural enemies of pests; and community ecology-level effects operating at the local and landscape scales to check pest build-up. This book brings together world leaders in theoretical, methodological and applied aspects to provide a comprehensive treatment of this fast-moving field. Chapter authors from Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia and the Americas ensure a truly international scope. Topics range from scientific principles, innovative research methods, ecological economics and effective communication to farmers, as well as case studies of successful use of biodiversity-based pest management some of which extend over millions of hectares or are enshrined as government policy. Written to be accessible to advanced undergraduates whilst also stimulating the seasoned researcher, this work will help unlock the power of biodiversity to deliver sustainable insect pest management. Visit www.wiley.com/go/gurr/biodiversity to access the artwork from the book.
Book Synopsis Plant Resistance to Arthropods by : C. Michael Smith
Download or read book Plant Resistance to Arthropods written by C. Michael Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesizes new information about the environmental advantages of plant resistance, transgenic resistance, the molecular bases of resistance, and the use of molecular markers to map resistance genes. Readers are presented in-depth descriptions of techniques to quantify resistance, factors affecting resistance expression, and the deployment of resistance genes. New information about gene-for-gene interactions between resistant plants and arthropod biotypes is discussed along with the recent examples of using arthropod resistant plants in integrated pest management systems.
Download or read book Sucking Pests of Crops written by Omkar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sucking pests are most notorious group of pests for agricultural crops. Unlike most pests with chewing mouth parts, sucking pests cause more severe damage to the crops and are complex to get identified until advanced stages of infection. Not only is this late detection detrimental to their effective control, sucking pests also often cause fungal growth and virus transmission. The book emphasizes on sucking pests of most major crops of India. It aims to reflect Indian scenario before the international readership. This book complies comprehensive information on sucking pests of crops and brings the attention of the readers to this multiple damage causing insect complex. The chapters are contributed by highly experienced Indigenous experts from Universities & ICAR institutes, and book collates useful content for students and young researchers in plant pathology, entomology and agriculture.
Book Synopsis The Bean Leaf-hopper and Hopperburn with Methods of Control by : Adoph Harvey Beyer
Download or read book The Bean Leaf-hopper and Hopperburn with Methods of Control written by Adoph Harvey Beyer and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs by : Jörg Romeis
Download or read book Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs written by Jörg Romeis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect pests remain one of the main constraints to food and fiber production worldwide despite farmers deploying a range of techniques to protect their crops. Modern pest control is guided by the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) with pest resistant germplasm being an important part of the foundation. Since 1996, when the first genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant maize variety was commercialized in the USA, the area planted to insect-resistant GM varieties has grown dramatically, representing the fastest adoption rate of any agricultural technology in human history. The goal of our book is to provide an overview on the role insect-resistant GM plants play in different crop systems worldwide. We hope that the book will contribute to a more rational debate about the role GM crops can play in IPM for food and fiber production.
Book Synopsis Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security by : Omkar
Download or read book Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security written by Omkar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world’s population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.
Book Synopsis Darwinian Agriculture by : R. Ford Denison
Download or read book Darwinian Agriculture written by R. Ford Denison and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As human populations grow and resources are depleted, agriculture will need to use land, water, and other resources more efficiently and without sacrificing long-term sustainability. Darwinian Agriculture presents an entirely new approach to these challenges, one that draws on the principles of evolution and natural selection. R. Ford Denison shows how both biotechnology and traditional plant breeding can use Darwinian insights to identify promising routes for crop genetic improvement and avoid costly dead ends. Denison explains why plant traits that have been genetically optimized by individual selection--such as photosynthesis and drought tolerance--are bad candidates for genetic improvement. Traits like plant height and leaf angle, which determine the collective performance of plant communities, offer more room for improvement. Agriculturalists can also benefit from more sophisticated comparisons among natural communities and from the study of wild species in the landscapes where they evolved. Darwinian Agriculture reveals why it is sometimes better to slow or even reverse evolutionary trends when they are inconsistent with our present goals, and how we can glean new ideas from natural selection's marvelous innovations in wild species.
Book Synopsis Experimental Techniques in Host-Plant Resistance by : Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy
Download or read book Experimental Techniques in Host-Plant Resistance written by Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earliest land-plants evolved around 450 million years ago from aquatic plants devoid of vascular systems. The diversification of flowering plants (angiosperms) during the Cretaceous period is associated with speciation in insects. Early insect herbivores were mandibulate, but the evolution of vascular plants led to the co-evolution of other forms of herbivory, such as leaf feeding, sap-sucking, leaf mining, tissue borer, gall forming and nectar-feeding. Plant defense against biotic stress is an adaptive evolution by plants to increase their fitness. Plants use a variety of strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Plant defense mechanisms are either inbuilt or induced. Inbuilt mechanisms are always present within the plant, while induced defenses are produced or mobilized to the site where a plant is injured. Induced defense mechanisms include morphological, physiological changes and production of secondary metabolites. Host plant resistance (HPR) is one of the eco-friendly methods of pest management. It protects the crop by making it less suitable or tolerant to the pest. While books on theoretical aspects of HPR are available, an exclusive book on the practical aspects is lacking. There is a wide gap between the theory and the experimental procedures required for conducting studies on plant resistance for the post graduate students and young researchers. A dire need for a book on practical aspects was strongly felt. Initially a practical manual was prepared which eventually evolved into the present book. We hope this book provides information on major aspects of screening crop germplasm, sampling techniques, genetic and biochemical basis of HPR, behavioural studies on pheromone and plant volatiles, and some of the recent approaches in HPR. Further, the references provide the scientific articles and books as additional information to readers and workers alike.
Book Synopsis Insect-Plant Biology by : Louis M. Schoonhoven
Download or read book Insect-Plant Biology written by Louis M. Schoonhoven and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Half of all insect species are dependent on living plant tissues, consuming about 10% of plant annual production in natural habitats and an even greater percentage in agricultural systems, despite sophisticated control measures. Plants are generally remarkably well-protected against insect attack, with the result that most insects are highly specialized feeders. The mechanisms underlying plant resistance to invading herbivores on the one side, and insect food specialization on the other, are the main subjects of this book. For insects these include food-plant selection and the complex sensory processes involved, with their implications for learning and nutritional physiology, as well as the endocrinological aspects of life cycle synchronization with host plant phenology. In the case of plants exposed to insect herbivores, they include the activation of defence systems in order to minimize damage, as well as the emission of chemical signals that may attract natural enemies of the invading herbivores and may be exploited by neighbouring plants that mount defences as well." "Insect-Plant Biology discusses the operation of these mechanisms at the molecular and organismal levels, in the context of both ecological interactions and evolutionary relationships. In doing so, it uncovers the highly intricate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions that have evolved between plants and insects. The book concludes with a chapter on the application of our knowledge of insect-plant interactions to agricultural production." "This multidisciplinary approach will appeal to students in agricultural entomology, plant sciences, ecology, and indeed anyone interested in the principles underlying the relationships between the two largest groups of organisms on earth: plants and insects."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Book Synopsis Biological Control: Measures of Success by : G. Gurr
Download or read book Biological Control: Measures of Success written by G. Gurr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As well as examining successful biological control programmes this book analyses why the majority of attempts fail. Off-target and other negative effects of biological control are also dealt with. Chapters contributed by leading international researchers and practitioners in all areas of biological control afford the book a breadth of coverage and depth of analysis not possible with a single author volume. Combined with the use of other experts to review chapters and editorial oversight to ensure thematic integrity of the volume, this book provides the most authoritative analysis of biological control published. Key aspects addressed include how success may be measured, how successful biological control has been to date and how may it be made more successful in the future. With extensive use of contemporary examples, photographs, figures and tables this book will be invaluable to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as being a `must' for all involved in making biological control successful.
Book Synopsis Biology and Ecology of Aphids by : Andreas Vilcinskas
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Aphids written by Andreas Vilcinskas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people know of aphids as garden pests, infesting the soft green tissues of plants in vast numbers and killing them by sucking out the sap. Indeed, among the 4000 or so known species of aphids about 250 are pests, and in temperate regions several are economically important agricultural pests that damage crops directly during feeding or act as v
