Implantable Cardioverter - Defibrillators Step by Step

Download Implantable Cardioverter - Defibrillators Step by Step PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444359061
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Implantable Cardioverter - Defibrillators Step by Step by : Roland X. Stroobandt

Download or read book Implantable Cardioverter - Defibrillators Step by Step written by Roland X. Stroobandt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Step by Step Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Step by Step AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE Health care professionals now have a clear and concise overview of all relevant aspects of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. In the successful fomat established by Cardiac Pacemakers Step by Step, this handy paperback demystifies the devices that have revolutionized cardiac care. Authored – not edited – for a smooth, easy-to-read presentation, the book uses: full-page illustrations in full color accompanying text representative ICD tracings to explain important aspects of ICD therapy. Progressing from basic to more sophisticated topics, the authors concentrate on clinically useful material. All members of the patient care team will welcome this timely guide. COMPANION WEBSITE With this book you are given free access to a companion resources site. www.wiley.com/go/icdstepbystep The website includes over 150 images taken from this book You are free to download these images and use them in your own presentations; details inside BY THE SAME AUTHORS Cardiac Pacemakers Step by Step: An Illustrated Guide

Machines in Our Hearts

Download Machines in Our Hearts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801876168
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Machines in Our Hearts by : Kirk Jeffrey

Download or read book Machines in Our Hearts written by Kirk Jeffrey and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today hundreds of thousands of Americans carry pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) within their bodies. These battery-powered machines—small computers, in fact—deliver electricity to the heart to correct dangerous disorders of the heartbeat. But few doctors, patients, or scholars know the history of these devices or how "heart-rhythm management" evolved into a multi-billion-dollar manufacturing and service industry. Machines in Our Hearts tells the story of these two implantable medical devices. Kirk Jeffrey, a historian of science and technology, traces the development of knowledge about the human heartbeat and follows surgeons, cardiologists, and engineers as they invent and test a variety of electronic devices. Numerous small manufacturing firms jumped into pacemaker production but eventually fell by the wayside, leaving only three American companies in the business today. Jeffrey profiles pioneering heart surgeons, inventors from the realms of engineering and medical research, and business leaders who built heart-rhythm management into an industry with thousands of employees and annual revenues in the hundreds of millions. As Jeffrey shows, the pacemaker (first implanted in 1958) and the ICD (1980) embody a paradox of high-tech health care: these technologies are effective and reliable but add billions to the nation's medical bill because of the huge growth in the number of patients who depend on implanted devices to manage their heartbeats.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: The Engineering-Clinical Interface

Download Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: The Engineering-Clinical Interface PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461563453
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: The Engineering-Clinical Interface by : Mark W. Kroll

Download or read book Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: The Engineering-Clinical Interface written by Mark W. Kroll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HE IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR, or T"lCD," is arguably the most technologically challenging type of therapy that physicians utilize today. At the same time, engineers who design ICDs are being called upon by clinicians to extend even further the technological envelope in quest of building the "ideal" device. To the extent, however, that physicians who utilize ICDs are not sufficiently comfortable with or familiar with the engineering principles that guide ICD function, the full clinical potential of even an ideal device will not be realized. In comple mentary fashion, engineers require as full an appreciation as possi ble of the real world "boundary conditions" and clinical impact of various ICD features, if the latter are truly to be perfected. This book is intended to serve as an educational tool to foster mutual understanding and communication among physicians, engineers, and other professionals involved in ICD therapy, with the ultimate purpose of enhancing patient care. The highly varied backgrounds of such a diverse audience posed obvious challenges in the preparation of this volume. Given the overwhelmingly greater involvement of clinicians in the day-to day management and follow-up of ICD recipients, we gave high priority to the presentation of oftentimes complex yet relevant engi neering concepts in a manner that could be understandable to most clinicians.

Cardiac Pacing and ICDs

Download Cardiac Pacing and ICDs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405150076
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiac Pacing and ICDs by : Kenneth A. Ellenbogen

Download or read book Cardiac Pacing and ICDs written by Kenneth A. Ellenbogen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully revised and updated, the fourth edition of Cardiac Pacingand ICDs continues to be an accessible and practical clinicalreference for residents, fellows, surgeons, nurses, PAs, andtechnicians. The chapters are organized in the sequence of the evaluation ofan actual patient, making it an effective practical guide. Revisedchapters and updated artwork and tables plus a new chapter oncardiac resynchronization make the new edition an invaluableclinical resource. Features: · New chapter on Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy · Updated and better quality figures and tables · Updated content based on ACC/AHA/NASPE guidelines · Updated indications for ICD placement · Updated information on ICD and pacemakertroubleshooting

Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Expert's Manual

Download Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Expert's Manual PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cardiotext Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1935395726
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (353 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Expert's Manual by : Amin Al-Ahmad, MD

Download or read book Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Expert's Manual written by Amin Al-Ahmad, MD and published by Cardiotext Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the rapidly evolving field of treating cardiac arrhythmias, the importance of direct management of patients with implantable cardiac devices is growing. The devices have become increasingly complex, and understanding their algorithms and growing programming options is essential for physicians who implant and manage them. Written by experts and world authorities in the field, Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Expert's Manual provides electrophysiologists, fellows in training, nurses, and cardiovascular technicians involved in day-to-day management of device patients with detailed information about the many device algorithms and interactions. Heavily illustrated with over 300 figures and tables Uniquely meets the day-to-day needs of all direct management professionals Focuses in detail on algorithms Describes device interactions, addressing every major manufacturer Provides in-depth insight into pacing, including biventricular pacing Discusses arrhythmia detection and device classification, testing, and therapy Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: An Expert's Manual was listed by the American Journal of Cardiology as one of the "Good Books in Cardiovascular Disease in 2010." - American Journal of Cardiology Vol. 107, Issue 8, Pages 1250-1251

Implantable Defibrillator Therapy: A Clinical Guide

Download Implantable Defibrillator Therapy: A Clinical Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461510554
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Implantable Defibrillator Therapy: A Clinical Guide by : Antonio Pacifico

Download or read book Implantable Defibrillator Therapy: A Clinical Guide written by Antonio Pacifico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implantable defibrillators as originally conceived by Michel Mirowski were limited to the detection and automatic termination of ventricular fibrillation. In the original "AID" device, the detection algoritlun sought to distinguish sinus rhytlun from ventricular fibrillation by identifying the "more sinusoidal waveform of ventricular fibrillation. " The therapeutic intervention was elicited only once deadly polymorphic rhythms had developed. It was rapidly learned, however, that ventricular fibrillation is usually preceded by ventricular tachycardia. Mirowski recognized the pivotal importance of developing algoritllms based on heart rate. Ventricular tachycardia detection allowed the successful development of interventions for the termination of ventricular tachyarrhythmias before they degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Current device therapy no longer confines itself to tlle termination of chaotic rhythms but seeks to prevent them. Diagnostic algorithms moved upward along the chain of events leading to catastrophic rhytlulls. Rate smoothing algorithms were developed to prevent postextrasystolic pauses from triggering ventricular and atrial tachyarrhytlmlias. Beyond the renaissance of ectopy-centered strategies, long-term prevention received increasing attention. Multisite pacing therapies provided by "Arrhythmia Management Devices" were designed to reduce the "arrhytlunia burden" and optimize the synergy of cardiac contraction and relaxation. Clinical evidence now suggests that atrial fibrillation prevention by pacing is feasible and tllat biventricular pacing may be of benefit in selected patients with heart failure. However, these applications of device therapy that generally require ventricular defibrillation backup remain investigational and were not considered in this book.

Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Download Adult Congenital Heart Disease PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198759959
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Adult Congenital Heart Disease by : Sara Thorne

Download or read book Adult Congenital Heart Disease written by Sara Thorne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical approach to the investigation and treatment of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), this fully updated Oxford Specialist Handbook is a concise and accessible overview of a complex condition. Packed with straightforward advice, management strategies and key clinical points, it equips clinicians with a sound understanding of the principles and physiology of ACHD. An ideal reference tool for cardiology trainees, general cardiologists and acute medicine physicians, this second edition of Adult Congenital Heart Disease has been fully reviewed to include new guidelines and increased illustations to aid understanding. Brand new chapters on epidemiology, heart failure, device therapy and transition and transfer of care ensure that Adult Congenital Heart Disease remains the definitive guide to supporting clinicians throughout all aspects of the patient's care.

Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

Download Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119333067
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease by : Maully Shah

Download or read book Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease written by Maully Shah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a growing population of young patients with congenital heart disease reaching adulthood, this unique new book offers an in-depth guide to managing the challenges and issues related to device therapy in this patient group. The only book resource dedicated to pacing, cardiac resynchronization therapy and ICD therapy for the pediatric and congenital heart disease patient Contains practical advice for pacemaker and ICD implantation, programming, trouble-shooting, managing complications and follow up Up-to-date with the latest in device technology Contains multiple graphics, device electrogram tracings, and radiographic images for clarity Includes video clips and over 150 multiple choice questions with extended answers on companion website, ideal for self test An invaluable resource for both the specialist pediatric cardiologist and the general cardiologist responsible for children with heart disease and pacing devices

Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators

Download Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470790423
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators by : Anthony W C Chow

Download or read book Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators written by Anthony W C Chow and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-09 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacing and ICDs are used increasingly in the management of arrhythmias and a number of different cardiac conditions. Specialists, general cardiologists and general physicians are now closely involved in managing patients with these devices. Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators: All you wanted to know is written by leading specialists from the UK and USA and is designed for all physicians looking for a clear and comprehensive introduction to the principles and functions of these devices. The focus of this book has been on the indications for these devices and continuing patient management for the generalist and those in training – including complications and troubleshooting that arise peri- and post-implantation. Not only does Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators provide a sound introduction to the subject, in the later chapters it goes beyond the basics, introducing more advanced techniques such as lead extraction. It can be used both for those in training and for those with direct patient care responsibilities. With its up to date, evidence-based approach and inclusion of the latest AHA guidelines on pacing, this is an ideal guide to a major aspect of modern cardiac management.

Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology E-Book

Download Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323568823
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology E-Book by : Ziad Issa

Download or read book Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology E-Book written by Ziad Issa and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the highly regarded Braunwald’s family of cardiology references, Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology, 3rd Edition, offers complete coverage of the latest diagnosis and management options for patients with arrhythmias. Expanded clinical content and clear illustrations keep you fully abreast of current technologies, new syndromes and diagnostic procedures, new information on molecular genetics, advances in ablation, and much more.

The Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator

Download The Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642765750
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator by : Eckhard Alt

Download or read book The Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator written by Eckhard Alt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the most recent experience and in- formation concerning ICD-Therapy: indications, technical as- pects of this new pacemaker generation problems/side- effects, surgical implications; cost-effectiveness- discussion is included.

Case-Based Device Therapy for Heart Failure

Download Case-Based Device Therapy for Heart Failure PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030700380
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Case-Based Device Therapy for Heart Failure by : Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green

Download or read book Case-Based Device Therapy for Heart Failure written by Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive practical guide to the plethora of devices that have been developed to support the failing heart. It features easy to follow clinically relevant guidance on mechanical devices used for improving cardiac electrical conduction and cardiac output. Chapters cover indications and implant considerations for the implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices and hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit. Case-Based Device Therapy for Heart Failure describes how to properly use a range of available devices to treat heart failure. Thanks to its multidisciplinary authorship, it is a valuable resource for practising and trainee heart failure cardiologists, electrophysiologists and cardiac surgeons.

Heart Rhythm Disorders

Download Heart Rhythm Disorders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303045066X
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Heart Rhythm Disorders by : J. Anthony Gomes

Download or read book Heart Rhythm Disorders written by J. Anthony Gomes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engaging book covers a multitude of topics related to heart rhythm disorders (HRDs) and uniquely familiarizes readers with the development of treatment modalities over the past several decades, including the evolution of anti-arrhythmic drugs, pacemakers, defibrillators, and catheter ablation. Organized in ten sections, this title serves as both an archival and a contemporary resource for clinicians. The first section describes the discovery of the circulatory system by William Harvey in 1628 and outlines the development and understanding of HRD since the advent of intra-cardiac electrophysiology. Subsequent sections discuss the historical evolution of abnormal heart rhythms, such as supra and ventricular rhythms and sudden cardiac death, their treatment with drugs, surgery, pacemakers, implantable defibrillators and catheter ablation. Section nine offers a fascinating narration of the clinical evolution of overcoming heart attacks and its impact on HRDs. The final section explores potential new frontiers in HRD and the factors that may contribute to the prospective rise of cardiovascular diseases. A ground-breaking and invaluable addition to the clinical literature, Heart Rhythm Disorders: History, Mechanisms and Management Perspectives details the pervasive nature of cardiovascular diseases in human history, their ramifications, and their projected effects on at-risk demographic populations and human health in general.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/dysplasia

Download Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/dysplasia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/dysplasia by : Andrea Nava

Download or read book Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/dysplasia written by Andrea Nava and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1997 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. In this book a complete overview of current knowledge is presented, running from pathology to recent progress in molecular biology and with special reference to diagnostic procedures and pharmacologic-non pharmacologic therapies. Incidence and natural history of the disease are addressed as well, stressing the occurrence of sudden death.The book, the first on the topic, is an updated survey on ARVC/D and includes 38 chapters with a worldwide authorship as a result of an international cooperative study.

Cardiac Pacing and Monitoring

Download Cardiac Pacing and Monitoring PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838801790
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiac Pacing and Monitoring by : Mart Min

Download or read book Cardiac Pacing and Monitoring written by Mart Min and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different artificial tools, such as heart-pacing devices, wearable and implantable monitors, engineered heart valves and stents, and many other cardiac devices, are in use in medical practice. Recent developments in the methods of cardiac pacing along with appropriate selection of equipment are the purpose of this book. Implantable heart rate management devices and wearable cardiac monitors are discussed. Indications for using specific types of cardiac pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are of interest and their contraindications are considered. Special attention is paid to using leadless devices. The subcutaneous ICD obviates the need for transvenous leads and leadless pacemakers are entirely implantable into the right ventricle. Finally, applications of user-friendly wearable devices for the detection of atrial arrhythmia are debated.

Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation and Resynchronization

Download Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation and Resynchronization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444360116
Total Pages : 824 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation and Resynchronization by : David L. Hayes

Download or read book Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation and Resynchronization written by David L. Hayes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consisting of 13 chapters, this book is uniformly written to provide sensible, matter-of-fact methods for understanding and caring for patients with permanent pacemakers, ICDs and CRT systems. Now improved and updated, including a new chapter on programming and optimization of CRT devices, this second edition presents a large amount of information in an easily digestible form. Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation offers sensible, matter-of-fact methods for understanding and caring for patients, making everyday clinical encounters easier and more productive. Readers will appreciate the knowledge and experience shared by the authors of this book.

How-to Manual for Pacemaker and ICD Devices

Download How-to Manual for Pacemaker and ICD Devices PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118820592
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How-to Manual for Pacemaker and ICD Devices by : Amin Al-Ahmad

Download or read book How-to Manual for Pacemaker and ICD Devices written by Amin Al-Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete, how-to-do-it guide to planning, programming, implementing, and trouble-shooting todays pacemakers and other implantable cardiac devices Edited by a team of leading clinician-educators this is a practical, go-to reference for trainees and clinical staff who are new to or less experienced with the programming and management of implantable devices. It distills device best-practices into a single, quick-reference volume that focuses on essential tasks, common pitfalls, and likely complications. Each chapter follows a hands-on, how-to-do-it approach that helps readers quickly master even the most challenging device-related taskssuch as programming and how to respond confidently when complications arise. Todays pacemakers and other implantable EP devices are to earlier versions what smart phones are to rotary phones. They are not only smaller and more comfortable; they offer complex programming options that allow clinicians to adapt a device to individual patient requirements. As they continue to become smaller, smarter, and more adaptable, these devices also become more challenging for clinicians to set up, manage and monitor. This unique, quick-reference guide dramatically reduces the learning curve for mastering this essential technology by giving doctors and technicians the how-to information they need. Focuses on tasks clinicians perform, including pre-implementation, planning, programming, management, troubleshooting, and more Shows how expert clinicians achieve optimal outcomes in their own labs with real-world examples Features more than 300 images, including ECGs, X-ray and fluoroscopy, images from device interrogation, intracardiac electrograms, and color electoanatomical maps Provides eight videos on an accompanying website demonstrating key tasks and techniques Also available in an eBook version, enhanced with instructional videos, How-to Manual for Pacemaker and ICD Devices is an indispensable tool of the trade for electrophysiologists, fellows in electrophysiology, EP nurses, technical staff, and industry professionals.