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The Impact Of Social Change On Womens Perceptions And Performance In Math
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Social Change on Women's Perceptions and Performance in Math by : Emily Suzanne Shaffer
Download or read book The Impact of Social Change on Women's Perceptions and Performance in Math written by Emily Suzanne Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men have historically dominated the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Given that in today's society women and men have more equal opportunities than ever before, one might expect that women would be moving into these fields with a steady rate. This appears not to be the case. Despite current initiatives to encourage young, qualified women to consider careers in STEM fields, men still outnumber women four to one in all areas of employment associated with science and engineering. It is important to understand what contributes to this disparity so that strategies can be developed to address it. The present thesis focuses on one such strategy: namely, presenting women with information about their group's progress in STEM as a way to reduce women's concerns about whether they belong and are able to perform well in math. However, the framing of social progress in general is not always received positively by minorities. Therefore, group progress was either framed in relation from the past to the present, or present to the future. It was hypothesized that women would perform best on the math test when progress is framed from the past to the present. When progress was framed from present to future, stereotype threat effects were hypothesized to be somewhat buffered but not as effectively as in the past to present condition. Women in the control condition were expected to perform in a manner reflective of standard stereotype threat situations. As a secondary hypothesis, to the extent that the progress of women posed a threat to men, the knowledge of social progress of women in STEM fields from past to present was expected to cause men's performance to suffer. Because men are not negatively stereotyped in this domain, males in the control condition were expected to perform to their ability. Finally, to the extent that insufficient progress of women is not a threat to men (present to future condition), men were hypothesized to perform best. These hypotheses were examined in a 2 (Participant Gender: male vs. female) X 3 (Social Change Framework: "past to present," "present to future," control) between participants design. Sixty-two females and 53 males were told they will complete a number of tasks regarding academics and student life. As a manipulation of stereotype threat, participants were told that they would be taking a math test that has sometimes shown gender differences favoring men. They then read a short article that highlighted women's progress in STEM fields, followed by a task assessing their group efficacy. Results showed that stereotype threat effects were alleviated and women performed best when social progress was framed from the past to the present. There were no differences between females who read about progress in relation to the future and those in the control. The framing of social progress had no significant effect on males' performance. Implications for stereotype threat interventions are discussed.
Book Synopsis Women and Mathematics by : Lynn H. Fox
Download or read book Women and Mathematics written by Lynn H. Fox and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematics and Gender by : Elizabeth Fennema
Download or read book Mathematics and Gender written by Elizabeth Fennema and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection describes how the Autonomous Learning Behaviours (ALB) model, formulated by Fennema and Peterson, specifically relates to gender differences in mathematics education, learning and performance. The book provides a background to the debate on gender differences; considers the interactions between internal beliefs and external influences, as well as their effects on learning math; and provides a summary of the latest research relevant to the ALB model. Gender differences in learning mathematics is examined from a variety of perspectives, strengthened by longitudinal studies and a cross-cultural American and Australian perspective..
Download or read book Cracking the code written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to 'crack the code' by deciphering the factors that hinder and facilitate girls' and women's participation, achievement and continuation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and, in particular, what the education sector can do to promote girls' and women's interest in and engagement with STEM education and ultimately STEM careers.
Book Synopsis The Mathematics of Sex by : Stephen J. Ceci
Download or read book The Mathematics of Sex written by Stephen J. Ceci and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly half of all physicians and biologists are females, as are the majority of new psychologists, veterinarians, and dentists, suggesting that women have achieved equality with men in the workforce. But the ranks of professionals in math-intensive careers remain lopsidedly male; up to 93% of tenure-track academic positions in some of the most mathematically-oriented fields are held by men. Three main explanations have been advanced to explain the dearth of women in math-intensive careers, and in The Mathematics of Sex, Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams describe and dissect the evidence for each. The first explanation involves innate ability--male brains are physiologically optimized to perform advanced mathematical and spatial operations; the second is that social and cultural biases inhibit females' training and success in mathematical fields; the third alleges that women are less interested in math-intensive careers than are men, preferring people-oriented pursuits. Drawing on research in endocrinology, economics, sociology, education, genetics, and psychology to arrive at their own unique, evidence-based conclusion, the authors argue that the problem is due to certain choices that women (but not men) are compelled to make in our society; that women tend not to favor math-intensive careers for certain reasons, and that sex differences in math and spatial ability cannot adequately explain the scarcity of women in these fields. The Mathematics of Sex represents the first time such a thorough synthesis of data has been carried out to solve the puzzle of women's underrepresentation in math-intensive careers. The result is a readable, engaging account suitable not only for academics in an array of disciplines, but for general readers as well--including educators, science policymakers, parents of daughters, and anyone intellectually curious about a key controversy of our time.
Book Synopsis Mathematical and Statistics Anxiety: Educational, Social, Developmental and Cognitive Perspectives by : Kinga Morsanyi
Download or read book Mathematical and Statistics Anxiety: Educational, Social, Developmental and Cognitive Perspectives written by Kinga Morsanyi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-19 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension or fear which arises when a person is faced with mathematical content. The negative consequences of mathematical anxiety are well-documented. Students with high levels of mathematical anxiety might underperform in important test situations, they tend to hold negative attitudes towards mathematics, and they are likely to opt out of elective mathematics courses, which also affects their career opportunities. Although at the university level many students do not continue to study mathematics, social science students are confronted with the fact that their disciplines involve learning about statistics - another potential source of anxiety for students who are uncomfortable with dealing with numerical content. Research on mathematical anxiety is a truly interdisciplinary field with contributions from educational, developmental, cognitive, social and neuroscience researchers. The current collection of papers demonstrates the diversity of the field, offering both new empirical contributions and reviews of existing studies. The contributors also outline future directions for this line of research.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Cross-sex Social Comparisons on the Math Test Performance of Women in the Sciences by : Leah G. Reisz
Download or read book The Effect of Cross-sex Social Comparisons on the Math Test Performance of Women in the Sciences written by Leah G. Reisz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present research examined the impact of social comparison information on the math test performance and attitudes of women who were highly identified with this domain. Female participants were given either diagnostic or non-diagnostic math test instructions, and were then provided with social comparison information about an outstanding male or female mathematician. Consistent with the hypotheses, women performed worse on a challenging math test after reading about a first-year male university student who excelled in mathematics, as compared to women who received identical female social comparison information or women in a control condition. Surprisingly, however, no effect of the stereotype threat manipulation emerged, and the manipulations had no reliable effect on women's implicit or explicit attitudes towards mathematics. Explanations for these findings and additional strategies to buffer the effect that male social comparisons may have on women's math test performance are discussed.
Download or read book Prejudice written by Janet K. Swim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prejudice: The Target's Perspective turns the tables on the way prejudice has been looked at in the past. Almost all of the current information on prejudice focuses on the person holding prejudiced beliefs. This book, however, provides the first summary of research focusing on the intended victims of prejudice. Divided into three sections, the first part discusses how people identify prejudice, what types of prejudice they encounter, and how people react to this prejudice in interpersonal and intergroup settings. The second section discusses the effect of prejudice on task performance, assessment of ones own abilities, self-esteem, and stress. The final section examines how people cope with prejudice, including a discussion of coping mechanisms, reporting sexual harassment, and how identity is related to effective coping. - Includes an introduction, the consequences of prejudice, and how to cope with prejudice - The editors are top researchers in the field of prejudice - All the contributors are major figures in the social psychological analysis of intergroup relationships
Book Synopsis Women of Color in Mathematics, Science & Engineering by : Beatriz C. Clewell
Download or read book Women of Color in Mathematics, Science & Engineering written by Beatriz C. Clewell and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender by : Thomas Eckes
Download or read book The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender written by Thomas Eckes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a conscious attempt to truly integrate social and developmental psychological approaches to gender. Leading researchers from both areas contribute to an understanding that will interest students and scholars alike.
Book Synopsis Resources in Women's Educational Equity by :
Download or read book Resources in Women's Educational Equity written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Book Synopsis Gender Roles in the Future? Theoretical Foundations and Future Research Directions by : Alice H. Eagly
Download or read book Gender Roles in the Future? Theoretical Foundations and Future Research Directions written by Alice H. Eagly and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of gender is deservedly a major focus of research in the discipline of psychology in general and social psychology in particular. Interest in the topic increased sharply in the 1970s with the flowering of the feminist movement, and research has continued to advance since that time. In 1987, Alice Eagly formulated Social Role Theory to explain the behavior of women and men as well as the stereotypes, attitudes, and ideologies that are relevant to sex and gender. Enhanced by several extensions over the intervening years, this theory became one of the pre-eminent, if not the central, theory of gender in social psychology. Also, over the last decades, social psychologists have developed a variety of related approaches to understanding gender, including, for instance, theories devoted to stereotyping, leadership, status, backlash, lack of fit to occupational roles, social identity, and categorization. Reflecting these elements, this e-Book includes articles that encompasses a wide range of themes pertaining to sex and gender. In these papers, the concept of social roles appears often as central integrative concept that links individuals with their social environment. These articles thereby complement social role theory as the authors reach out to build an extended theoretical foundation for gender research of the future.
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1999-10 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sociological Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology by : Joan C. Chrisler
Download or read book Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology written by Joan C. Chrisler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-12 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Donald R. McCreary and Joan C. Chrisler The Development of Gender Studies in Psychology Studies of sex differences are as old as the ?eld of psychology, and they have been conducted in every sub?eld of the discipline. There are probably many reasons for the popularity of these studies, but three reasons seem to be most prominent. First, social psychological studies of person perception show that sex is especially salient in social groups. It is the ?rst thing people notice about others, and it is one of the things we remember best (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). For example, people may not remember who uttered a witty remark, but they are likely to remember whether the quip came from a woman or a man. Second, many people hold ?rm beliefs that aspects of physiology suit men and women for particular social roles. Men’s greater upper body strength makes them better candidates for manual labor, and their greater height gives the impression that they would make good leaders (i. e. , people we look up to). Women’s reproductive capacity and the caretaking tasks (e. g. , breastfeeding, baby minding) that accompany it make them seem suitable for other roles that require gentleness and nurturance. Third, the logic that underlies hypothesis testing in the sciences is focused on difference. Researchers design their studies with the hope that they can reject the null hypothesis that experimental groups do not differ.
Book Synopsis Gendered Paths into STEM. Disparities Between Females and Males in STEM Over the Life-Span by : Bernhard Ertl
Download or read book Gendered Paths into STEM. Disparities Between Females and Males in STEM Over the Life-Span written by Bernhard Ertl and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
