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The Impact Of Seed Industry Concentration On Innovation
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Book Synopsis Concentration in Seed Markets Potential Effects and Policy Responses by : OECD
Download or read book Concentration in Seed Markets Potential Effects and Policy Responses written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent mergers in the seed industry have led to concerns about market concentration and its potential effects on prices, product choice, and innovation. This study provides new and detailed empirical evidence on the degree of market concentration in seed and GM technology across a broad range ...
Book Synopsis The Impact of Seed Industry Concentration on Innovation by : David Schimmelpfennig
Download or read book The Impact of Seed Industry Concentration on Innovation written by David Schimmelpfennig and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural research drives increases in agricultural productivity, and the number of private agricultural input firms has been declining. The empirical relationship between the number of firms doing applied biotechnology crop research and the amount of research output they produce is investigated in a research profit function model. Increases in seed industry concentration have reduced biotech research intensity in the United States in the 1990s. Concentration and research are simultaneously determined and are influenced by the appropriability of research results and the state of technological opportunity.
Book Synopsis Corporate Concentration and Technological Change in the Global Seed Industry by : Sylvie Bonny
Download or read book Corporate Concentration and Technological Change in the Global Seed Industry written by Sylvie Bonny and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past three decades, the seed sector has experienced, and is now again experiencing, corporate concentration trends. The fallout of this consolidation is the subject of numerous concerns. However, the seed sector is rather poorly understood. Thus, it is useful to understand it better and to investigate the potential impact on the agri-food chain of the trend toward increased corporate concentration. The first part of this paper presents the main characteristics of the global seed sector, its stakeholders, and its size in the agri-food chain. Next, the corporate consolidation trends of the seed industry over the past two years are examined. The technological evolution of the seed sector is also briefly presented. In the last part of this paper, the fallout of recent mergers and acquisitions in the seed industry are analyzed. Opposing views are expressed on the impact of these mergers and acquisitions in the agri-food chain: while certain stakeholders worry about the risk of food power by the biggest companies, some others expect useful innovations.
Book Synopsis Consequences of Biotech Innovation in Crop Seed by : Irena Vasileva Tsvetkova
Download or read book Consequences of Biotech Innovation in Crop Seed written by Irena Vasileva Tsvetkova and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation analyses the effect of technology on consumers and producers in the U.S. cottonseed industry. The industry has experienced a sharp innovation spur since the commercialization of genetically-modified seed in 1996. Product differentiation has increased many&ndashfold due to these new technologies giving rise to concerns about market power and to a much larger menu of choices for farmers. The biotechnology and seed-producer sectors have adapted to these changes by engaging in rapid consolidation (Fuglie et al., 2011). In the meantime, farmers have almost fully adopted genetically-modified seed in the 17 years since their introduction. The first chapter estimates a structural discrete-choice demand model and analyzes product substitution patterns. I deal with the problem of dimensionality with the aid of a great data set and by using a demand system that reduces the dimensionality problem yet does not restrict substitution patterns. I use several sources of exogenous variation to obtain consistent estimates. I find that genetically-modified seed are preferred to conventional seed and that preferences vary by individual. The second chapter looks at the economic effects from new product introductions. In the context of industry transformations of the past 17 years biotech companies have been accused of using innovation to reap surplus from farmers. I address this concern by looking at one of the more controversial genetic innovations in cottonseed. Using demand estimates from the first chapter and under assumptions about the nature of competition, I simulate prices that would clear the market without the innovation. This allows me to calculate changes in farmer surplus and in seed firm variable profits. I find that both farmers and seed firms benefited from this biotech innovation in cottonseed. The third chapter measures the effect of technology and market factors on product turnover rate. While the introduction of new production technologies has definitely increased the number of products offered, the isolated effect of industry consolidation on product availability is unclear. I test five hypotheses on product turnover and limit my analysis to products introduced and dropped out of the market within the observed period to estimate the effects of technology and concentration on survival. I find that genetically-modified seed survives longer than conventional seed and that products sold by bigger vertically-integrated seed firms have a longer product life. This could negatively affect the investment decisions of smaller local seed firms and decrease the availability of seed specifically adapted to meet local climate and soil conditions.
Book Synopsis Concentration in Seed and Biotech Markets by : Koen Deconinck
Download or read book Concentration in Seed and Biotech Markets written by Koen Deconinck and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The merger of Dow and DuPont, the acquisition of Syngenta by ChemChina, and the acquisition of Monsanto by Bayer have recently reshaped the global seed and biotech industry and caused concern about growing market concentration. This review documents market concentration in seed and agricultural biotech markets and discusses its causes and impacts. The available evidence suggests that concentration in seed markets varies strongly by crop and by country, while markets for biotech traits are considerably more concentrated. Complementarities between seed, biotech, and crop protection chemicals explain much of the observed structural changes in the industry, and new complementarities may be emerging with digital agriculture. Although growing concentration might in theory lead to higher prices and less innovation, evidence on this is currently limited; this tendency is also in part offset by the remedies imposed by competition authorities.
Book Synopsis The Seed Industry in U.S. Agriculture by : Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo
Download or read book The Seed Industry in U.S. Agriculture written by Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consequences of Market Concentration in the Seed Industry by : Maximilian Hofer
Download or read book Consequences of Market Concentration in the Seed Industry written by Maximilian Hofer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Framework for Seed Policy Analysis in Developing Countries by : Carl Pray
Download or read book A Framework for Seed Policy Analysis in Developing Countries written by Carl Pray and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview of the seed industry in developing countries; An analytical framework; Government policies; Conclusions and priorities for future research.
Book Synopsis Developing Capabilities in the Seed Industry by : Anabel Marin
Download or read book Developing Capabilities in the Seed Industry written by Anabel Marin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, many developing country policy makers have assumed that plant genetic engineering represents the only technological frontier in seed innovation; that it has been the leading technology for improving seeds and agricultural performance in those countries where it has been adopted; and that it is the area of biotechnology in which domestic capabilities in seed innovation should be accumulated. In this paper we challenge all those assumptions through an exploration of the role that both genetic engineering and other seed innovation techniques have played in explaining dynamism in the seed market, and wider agricultural economy, in Argentina, focusing on the case of soy. We argue that existing analyses of the impact of plant genetic engineering in Argentina either ignore the performance gains from seed innovations based on techniques other than genetic engineering or misattribute them to genetic engineering. Our analysis, based on data of registered plant varieties, evidence of agricultural performance in Argentina, and interviews with company managers and public sector researchers, seeks to distinguish between the impacts that different approaches to seed innovation have had on the soy sector. We argue that, from the data available, non-genetic engineering seed innovations appear to have had a very significant direct effect on farm-level soy productivity, much more so than those based on genetic engineering, and that they offer just as plausible a contributing explanation for indirect effects on productivity that are normally attributed to genetic engineering. Our findings are preliminary, but they stand in stark contrast to the very widely held view that genetic engineering has played a central, transformative role in the revitalisation and internationally competitive performance of soy production in Argentina over the last two decades. They also have a number of potential implications for the allocation of resources and policy support to the seed industry, and, more generally to how technological options should be considered and assessed in strategies for developing technological capabilities. Our analysis is framed by and contributes to an emerging body of research within the innovation literature that challenges deterministic, unidirectional approaches to analysing technological change in emerging economies.
Book Synopsis Comment on Intellectual Property, Concentration and the Limits of Antitrust in the Biotech Seed Industry by : F. Scott Kieff
Download or read book Comment on Intellectual Property, Concentration and the Limits of Antitrust in the Biotech Seed Industry written by F. Scott Kieff and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comment was filed with the Department of Justice Antitrust Division on December 31, 2009, as "Comments Regarding Agriculture and Antitrust Enforcement Issues in Our 21st Century Economy" in response to the DOJ/USDA request for public comments for the agencies' joint workshops on antitrust issues in the agricultural sector. Regarding firm size and integration, it must be kept in mind that the agriculture industry in the U.S. has, for good reasons, moved beyond the historic, pastoral image of small family farms operating in quiet isolation, devoid of big business and modern technologies. The genetic traits that give modern seeds their value - traits that confer resistance to herbicide and high yields, for example - are often developed through processes that are technologically-advanced, time- and money-intensive, risky investments, and subject to various layers of regulation, and, at least for some participants in this market, these processes are likely to be more efficiently and effectively conducted within large agribusiness companies having enormous research and development budgets and significant expertise in managing complex business and legal operations. This short comment discusses the implications for industry structure in the US biotech seed industry of the importance of intellectual property and innovation. Contrary to some commentators and the implicit underpinnings of the DOJ/USDA workshops, neither concentration nor typical licensing practices in the industry are cause for concern, and we counsel caution before intervening in this well-functioning and innovative market. From the public record it appears that the impetus for much of today's antitrust interest in the biotech seed industry boils down to efforts to intervene into business disputes between large and sophisticated parties. The inherent uncertainty regarding the economic consequences of specific conduct, coupled with competitors' poor incentives and the huge costs of error, counsel strongly against antitrust intervention without strong empirical evidence that the conduct has reduced competition and harmed consumers in the form of higher prices, lower quality, or reduced innovation.
Book Synopsis Seed Industry Development in a North-South Perspective by : Ton Groosman
Download or read book Seed Industry Development in a North-South Perspective written by Ton Groosman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309437385 Total Pages :607 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Genetically Engineered Crops by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Book Synopsis The role of market concentration in the agrifood industry by : Hernandez, Manuel A.
Download or read book The role of market concentration in the agrifood industry written by Hernandez, Manuel A. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of market concentration and potential market power exertion in the agri-food industry is a topic of longstanding interest and concern to policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers. This study provides a comprehensive overview of recent trends in market concentration upstream, midstream, and downstream the agri-food industry at the global, regional, and country level, and assesses how and to what extent concentration could be affecting market conduct and performance of food systems in developed and developing countries. The analysis additionally discusses, to the extent detectable, implications of concentration, including vertical and horizontal integration that favor concentration, for food security and nutrition and environmental sustainability. While market concentration in the agri-food industry has increased across most segments, the evidence on market power exertion is inconclusive. Several knowledge and data gaps are identified and additional research is necessary to derive more general conclusions and policy recommendations.
Book Synopsis Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation are Crucial Features of the Seed Industry and Specially to Genetically Modified Seeds by : Panagiotis Koulouroudis
Download or read book Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation are Crucial Features of the Seed Industry and Specially to Genetically Modified Seeds written by Panagiotis Koulouroudis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Total Factor Productividty Growth in Agriculture by : A. F. D. ávila
Download or read book Total Factor Productividty Growth in Agriculture written by A. F. D. ávila and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter we compute measures of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for developing countries and then contrast TFP growth with technological capital indexes. In developing these indexes, we incorporate schooling capital to yield two new indexes: Invention-Innovation Capital and Technology Mastery. We find that TFP performance is strongly related to technological capital and that technological capital is required for TFP and cost reduction growth. Investments in technological capital require long-term (20- to 40-year) investments, which are typically made by governments and aid agencies and are the only viable escape route from mass poverty.
Book Synopsis An Investors’ Guide to Africa’s Emerging Seed Markets by : Flo Dirks
Download or read book An Investors’ Guide to Africa’s Emerging Seed Markets written by Flo Dirks and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragmented market intelligence is the major barrier to investment in Africa’s emerging seed markets, according to participants in our June 23rd conference session on An investor guide for Africa. There is significant demand for a service of assessing the attractiveness of emerging seed markets in Africa for (impact) investment. The service should go beyond collating relevant information from diverse sources, by interpreting it and making informed recommendations to (impact) investors. We intend for our report to offer a substantiated value proposition for an entrepreneur or institution interested in prototyping and anchoring this service. We do this with the view to increase intelligence on Africa’s emerging seed markets. This report shares what Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation has uncovered through research about seed market intelligence in Africa. The research has been conducted mostly online involving literature review, key informant interviews with 20 leaders in government, industry, science, and civil society and panel discussion about the actual intelligence and minimum viable product for a service they require in making investment decisions. Among them were respondents from: the African Union Commission; the regional economic community COMESA; national, regional, and multinational seed companies; development finance institutes and commercial lenders; international agricultural research institutes, other knowledge institutes, and consultants; the African Seed Trade Association (AFSTA); and an International NGO. The research revealed several useful platforms, indices, and reports offering data for indicators of relevance to investors. Sources of market intelligence for the entire African region are included in the report. However, each does not cover all countries and dimensions of interest. We assessed 12 of them and learned that The African Seed Access Index (TASAI), Access to Seeds Index of the World Benchmarking Alliance, and Enabling the Business of Agriculture index of the World Bank overlap in 17 countries where data from CAADP Biennial Reviews are also available. These countries across Western and Central, and Eastern and Southern Africa offer the most readily available information for making investment decisions. Our research also resulted in the convergence of multiple indicators around four categories. This includes those that assess: (i.) seed sector performance; (ii.) the potential absorption of crop harvests in outputs markets; (iii.) current progress against targets for development impact; and (iv.) other variables of the country context. Cascading from that level of aggregation are three topics (sub-categories) in each. For the seed sector these include indicators of seed demand, seed supply and seed regulatory function. For output markets these include the size or value of these markets, the level of investments made in farm productivity, and organization of producers in leveraging economies of scale. For impact these include different indicators of poverty reduction, food security and nutrition, and climate change adaptation and mitigation and biodiversity conservation, management, and use. And lastly, for country context these include demographics, political and economic stability, and infrastructure. A mosaic of data is available from the indices and other sources of information mentioned above. Important to our efforts to collate these data are their availability in the public domain. Our research offers a substantiated value proposition and minimum viable product for the service. What it falls short of doing is outlining a viable business model for anchoring this service in the seed sector. Should an entrepreneur or institution be interested to pilot the service in Africa, we advise that they thoroughly consider the business model, including partnerships and revenue streams. A critical resource (and cost in the model) includes expertise on seed, seed business, and/or seed systems. Without this knowledge, based on our determination of the minimum viable product, accurate interpretations of the data cannot be made reliably. Collation is not enough to inform investment decisions and (impact) investors are looking for qualitative recommendations as well. We offer some cues for the curation of these data.
Book Synopsis Adoption and Impact of Proprietary Seed Technologies in Staple Food Crops by : Ira Matuschke
Download or read book Adoption and Impact of Proprietary Seed Technologies in Staple Food Crops written by Ira Matuschke and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
