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The Impact Of Community Based Health Insurance Schemes On Out Of Pocket Healthcare Spending Evidence From Rwanda
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Community Based Health Insurance Schemes on Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending: Evidence from Rwanda by : Andinet Woldemichael
Download or read book The Impact of Community Based Health Insurance Schemes on Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending: Evidence from Rwanda written by Andinet Woldemichael and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving universal health coverage, including financial risk protection and access to quality essential health-care services, is one of the main Sustainable Development Goals. In low-income countries, innovative and affordable health financing systems are key to realize these goals. This paper assesses the impacts of Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme in Rwanda on health-related financial risks using a nationally representative household survey data collected over a ten-year period. We find that the scheme significantly reduce annual per capita out-of-pocket spending by about 3,600 Rwandan Franc (about US$12) or about 83 percent of average per capita healthcare expenditure compared to the baseline level in 2000.The impacts however favor the rich as compared to the poor. The program also reduces the incidence of catastrophic healthcare spending significantly.
Book Synopsis Community-Based Health Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending in Africa by : Andinet Woldemichael
Download or read book Community-Based Health Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending in Africa written by Andinet Woldemichael and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the absence of third party and prepayment systems such as health insurance and tax-based healthcare financing, households in many low-income countries are exposed to the financial risks of paying large medical bills from out-of-pocket. In recent years, community based health insurance schemes have become popular alternatives to fill such void in the healthcare financing systems. This paper investigates the impact of these schemes on out-of-pocket spending based on three rounds of nationally representative data from Rwanda. We estimate an Extended Two-Part Model to address endogeniety in insurance enrollment and censoring in healthcare expenditure data.We find that community based health insurance program has non-linear and mixed impacts on out-of-pocket expenditure. While the program significantly increases the probability of overall spending, it decreases the amount of per capita spending on healthcare. The program also significantly reduces spending on drug but increases outpatient spending with no detectable impact on inpatient services. Furthermore, we find notable heterogeneity in treatment effects in which households in the top income distribution realize the highest reduction in out-of-pocket spending.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Community Based Health Insurance Schemes on Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending: Evidence from Rwanda by : Andinet Woldemichael
Download or read book The Impact of Community Based Health Insurance Schemes on Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending: Evidence from Rwanda written by Andinet Woldemichael and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving universal health coverage, including financial risk protection and access to quality essential health-care services, is one of the main Sustainable Development Goals. In low-income countries, innovative and affordable health financing systems are key to realize these goals. This paper assesses the impacts of Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme in Rwanda on health-related financial risks using a nationally representative household survey data collected over a ten-year period. We find that the scheme significantly reduce annual per capita out-of-pocket spending by about 3,600 Rwandan Franc (about US$12) or about 83 percent of average per capita healthcare expenditure compared to the baseline level in 2000.The impacts however favor the rich as compared to the poor. The program also reduces the incidence of catastrophic healthcare spending significantly.
Book Synopsis Extending Health Insurance to the Rural Population by :
Download or read book Extending Health Insurance to the Rural Population written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In 2003, after over 20 years of minimal health insurance coverage in rural areas, China launched a heavily subsidized voluntary health insurance program for rural residents. The authors use program and household survey data, as well as health facility census data, to analyze factors affecting enrollment into the program and to estimate its impact on households and health facilities. They obtain estimates by combining differences-in-differences with matching methods. The authors find some evidence of lower enrollment rates among poor households, holding other factors constant, and higher enrollment rates among households with chronically sick members. The household and facility data point to the scheme significantly increasing both outpatient and inpatient utilization (by 20-30 percent), but they find no impact on utilization in the poorest decile. For the sample as a whole, the authors find no statistically significant effects on average out-of-pocket spending, but they do find some-albeit weak-evidence of increased catastrophic health spending. For the poorest decile, by contrast, they find that the scheme increased average out-of-pocket spending but reduced the incidence of catastrophic health spending. They find evidence that the program has increased ownership of expensive equipment among central township health centers but had no impact on cost per case.
Book Synopsis Community-Based Health Insurance in Rwanda by : Francois Path?? Diop
Download or read book Community-Based Health Insurance in Rwanda written by Francois Path?? Diop and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rwanda has lived one of the most tragic moments of its history with the genocide of 1994, which resulted in nearly one million deaths, and the destruction of the social fabric of the country. Mutual aid and community solidarity value systems have remained resilient traits of Rwanda's society, and continue to be translated in coping strategies in the health care area. After the 1994 war, however, mutual aid initiatives have emerged in the health sector as community responses to the reintroduction of user-fees in public, and mission health facilities. Building on these community initiatives, health authorities, and non-government organizations have moved these emerging strategies to a deliberate strategy of building community-based health insurance schemes in the health sector. Community-based health insurance schemes (CBHI) provided also a platform for the compilation of information to support the assessment of CBHI schemes, and to familiarize health sector actors, and partners with the strategies needed to support their implementation on a large scale. CBHI schemes in Rwanda are health insurance organizations based on a partnership between the community and health care providers. As consensus built-up on the benefits of the CBHI schemes, a multi-level leadership developed in the country to provide support to the adaptation, and extension of the schemes. Political leaders at the central level, starting from the Presidency, called for the mobilization of all actors to support the implementation of CBHI schemes throughout the country.
Book Synopsis Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries by : Maria-Luisa Escobar
Download or read book Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries written by Maria-Luisa Escobar and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance-based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populationsand if so, how to do itor to serve them through other means.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309477891 Total Pages :399 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Crossing the Global Quality Chasm by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Crossing the Global Quality Chasm written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-27 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
Book Synopsis Health Microinsurance by : David M. Dror
Download or read book Health Microinsurance written by David M. Dror and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. Introduction -- ch. 1. The framework for implementation of microinsurance - ch. 2. Health microinsurance models -- pt. 2. Pre-implementation activities -- ch. 3. Baseline study and its purpose - ch. 4. Substitutes to baseline surveys - ch. 5. Pricing of microinsurance or rate making - ch. 6. Estimating willingness to pay - ch. 7. Estimating capital requirements to scale health microinsurance - pt.3. Implementation -- ch. 8. Insurance awareness and education -- ch. 9. Community involvement in benefits package design -- ch. 10. The governance structure and training the key actors -- ch. 11. Enrollment into the scheme - pt. 4. Business processes of microinsurance -- ch. 12. The business processes of CBHI -- ch. 13. Data in microinsurance -- ch. 14. MIS in microinsurance -- pt. 5. Monitoring & evaluation, and sustainability -- ch. 16. Impact assessment of microinsurance.
Book Synopsis Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Child Health Outcomes by : Emmanuel Nshakira-Rukundo
Download or read book Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Child Health Outcomes written by Emmanuel Nshakira-Rukundo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While community-based health insurance (CBHI) becomes increasingly integrated into health systems in developing countries, there is still limited research and evidence on its probable health impacts beyond its functions for health financing or for facilitating access to services. Using a cross-sectional data from rural south-west Uganda, we apply a two-stage residual inclusion instrumental variables method to study the impact of community health insurance on stunting in children under five years. Results indicate that each year a household was enrolled in insurance was causally associated with a reduction in the probability of stunting of 5.7 percentage points. Predictive marginal effects show that children in households which have had insurance for at least 5 years had a probability of stunting of only 0.353 compared to 0.531 for children in households with no insurance. Households in CBHI were more likely to attend more free antenatal and postnatal care visits and report fewer illnesses and reported less health expenditures. Moreover, CBHI enrolment was also associated with reduced health costs. We recommend that developing countries should facilitate the expansion of community health insurance scheme not only for their contribution to health financing but even more for mortality and morbidity aversion.
Book Synopsis Sustainability and Risk of Community-Based Health Insurance in Ethiopia by : Dereje Tolosa
Download or read book Sustainability and Risk of Community-Based Health Insurance in Ethiopia written by Dereje Tolosa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forschungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Gesundheit - Sonstiges, Note: B+, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Veranstaltung: Health care, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The study will improve insights elicited as a basis for ministry of health, Health Insurance agency, health service providers, policymakers, health plans, researchers, and vendors on the implementation and evaluation of health insurance system (follow-up activities) and monitoring of progress toward achieving CBHI goals, especially on sustainability of community-based health insurance. It renders the venders and EHIA to think off and develop risk adjustment model that will be the backbone of the system for to be effective, efficient, early warning, early intervention, and maximize return. The study will serve as reference or base for farther study conducted on health insurance. As the topic is new to our country, while doing this research it enables us (the student and adviser) to build practical skill of conducting research on the area of health insurance and sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to inform the sustainability of CBHI program in Ethiopia and will answer: What is the sustainability potential of CBHI? What factors is risky for CBHI sustainability? What drive the cost of CBHI program? Health Insurance is one of the strategies to overcome financial challenges through prepaying and pooling fund. It is objected to protect catastrophic health expenditure at the time of health care need. Community Based Health insurance is one of health insurance type that consists members of informal sectors (communities who are engaged in informal sectors). The sustainability of it could be affected by the three components of health Insurance (provider, purchaser and member factors). Study design is a descriptive cross-sectional survey, by collecting claim data of health facility. Data mining technique, predictive model and SPSS version 21 was deployed for analysis.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Handbook by : Hong Wang
Download or read book Health Insurance Handbook written by Hong Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries that subscribe to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have committed to ensuring access to basic health services for their citizens. Health insurance has been considered and promoted as the major financing mechanism to improve access to health services, as well to provide financial risk protection.
Book Synopsis Synopsis of Results on the Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Financial Accessibility to Health Care in Rwanda by : Pia Schneider
Download or read book Synopsis of Results on the Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Financial Accessibility to Health Care in Rwanda written by Pia Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Based Health Insurance Schemes in Africa by : Abebe Shimeles
Download or read book Community Based Health Insurance Schemes in Africa written by Abebe Shimeles and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Community-based Health Insurance in Resource Mobilization and Financial Protection by : B. Ekman
Download or read book The Role of Community-based Health Insurance in Resource Mobilization and Financial Protection written by B. Ekman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few decades, low- and middle-income countries have found it increasingly difficult to sustain sufficient financing for health care. The variation in health-care spending is large, however, and pooling of resources is limited. This paper reviews systematically the evidence of voluntary, non-for-profit health insurance in health-care financing in low- and middle-income countries. The specific issues are: To what extend do voluntary, non-for-profit health insurance schemes contribute to mobilizing additional resources for health care? and to what extend do such schemes provide an effective financial risk protection mechanism for individuals in the target population?
Book Synopsis Social Reinsurance by : David M. Dror
Download or read book Social Reinsurance written by David M. Dror and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This volume views community-based microinsurance as an incremental first step to improved financial protection and better access to health services for the poor. While community-based financing can be structured in various ways, this volume focuses on reinsurance as a mechanism for improving micro-level health insurance units. It outlines strategies and policies that can be applied by countries and donors to improve access to health care services.
Book Synopsis Health Financing Revisited by : Pablo Enrique Gottret
Download or read book Health Financing Revisited written by Pablo Enrique Gottret and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview of health financing tools, policies and trends--with a particular focus on challenges facing developing countries--provides the basis for effective policy-making. Analyzing the current global environment, the book discusses health financing goals in the context of both the underlying health, demographic, social, economic, political and demographic analytics as well as the institutional realities faced by developing countries, and assesses policy options in the context of global evidence, the international aid architecture, cross-sectoral interactions, and countries' macroeconomic frameworks and overall development plans.
Book Synopsis Health Financing for Poor People by : Alexander S. Preker
Download or read book Health Financing for Poor People written by Alexander S. Preker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most urgent development challenges facing many low and middle income countries is the need for adequate financing systems to pay for health care provision to the estimated 1.3 billion impoverished people living in rural areas or working in the informal sector in urban areas. This publication considers ways of improving the financing of health care at low income levels, as part of a global strategy for increased investment in health and poverty reduction. Topics discussed include: global and regional trends in healthcare financing; strengths and weaknesses of community-based health financing, and experiences in Asia and Africa; country case studies using household survey analysis from Senegal, Rwanda, India and Thailand; deficit financing; and the impact of risk sharing on achieving health system goals.
