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Author : R. A. Laudise
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Growth of Single Crystals written by R. A. Laudise and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1970 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roberto Fornari
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing Limited
ISBN 13 : 9780081020968
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Single Crystals of Electronic Materials written by Roberto Fornari and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single Crystals of Electronic Materials: Growth and Properties is a complete overview of the state of the art growth of bulk semiconductors. It is not only a valuable update of the body of information on crystal growth of well-established electronic materials such as silicon, III-V, II-VI and IV-VI semiconductors, but includes chapters on novel semiconductors including wide bandgap oxides (ZnO Ga2O3, In2O3, Al2O3), nitrides (AIN and GaN) and diamond. Each chapter focuses in-depth on a material, providing a comprehensive overview including: Applications and requirements of the electronic material Thermodynamic properties and definition of usable growth methods Schematics of growth methods for the material Description of up-to-date growth technologies and processes Tailoring of crystal properties via growth parameters Benefits of computer modelling Doping issues and reduction of defect density State-of-the art of the material New trends and future developments
Author : Franz E. Rosenberger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642812759
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Crystal Growth I written by Franz E. Rosenberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intrinsic properties of a solid, i. e. , the properties that result from its specific structure, can be largely modified by crystallographic and chem ical defects. The formation of these defects is governed by the heat and mass transfer conditions which prevail on and near a crystal-nutrient in terface during crystallization. Hence, both the growth of highly perfect crystals and the preparation of samples having predetermined defect-induced (extrinsic) properties require a thorough understanding of the reaction and transport mechanisms that govern crystallization from vapors, solutions and melts. Crystal growth, as a science, is therefore mostly concerned with the chemistry and physics of heat and mass transport in these fluid-solid phase transitions. Solid-solid transitions are, at this time, not widely employed for high quality single-crystal production. Transport concepts are largely built upon equilibrium considerations, i. e. , on thermodynamic and phase equilibrium concepts. Hence to supply a "workable" foundation for the succeeding discussions, this text begins in Chapter 2 with a concise treatment of thermodynamics which emphasizes applications to mate rials preparation. After working through this chapter, the reader should feel at ease with often (particularly among physicists) unfamiliar entities such as chemical potentials, fugacities, activities. etc. Special sections on ther mochemical calculations (and their pitfalls) and compilations of thermochemi cal data conclude the second chapter. Crystal growth can be called. in a wide sense, the science and technology of controlling phase transitions that lead to (single crystalline) solids.
Author : Charles S. Sahagian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Growth of Single Crystals written by Charles S. Sahagian and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single crystals of over 100 different electronically active materials have been synthesized using a variety of methods, including growth by flame-fusion, flux, melt, gel diffusion, low-temperature solution, vapor, as well as synthesis by ultra-high-pressure techniques. These crystals, including a large number of doped specimens, emphasize oxides, garnets, silicates, ferrites, fluorides, as well as a large variety of other electromagnetic materials. Charts are presented giving summary data on single crystals grown, percentage and kind of dopants, growth methods and apparatus, crystal dimensions and other physical characteristics, primary research interest or use, crystal system, class, space group, and pertinent references. Several of the growth methods and recent Laboratory accomplishments are described. (Author).
Author : Makoto Tachibana
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431565876
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Beginner’s Guide to Flux Crystal Growth written by Makoto Tachibana and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the principles and techniques of crystal growth by the flux method, which is arguably the most useful way to obtain millimeter- to centimeter-sized single crystals for physical research. As it is possible to find an appropriate solvent (“flux”) for nearly all inorganic materials, the flux method can be applied to the growth of many crystals ranging from transition metal oxides to intermetallic compounds. Both important principles and experimental procedures are described in a clear and accessible manner. Practical advice on various aspects of the experiment, which is not readily available in the literature, will assist the beginning graduate students in setting up the lab and conducting successful crystal growth. The mechanisms of crystal growth at an elementary level are also provided to better understand the techniques and to help in assessing the quality of the crystals. The book also contains many photographs of beautiful crystals with important physical properties of current interest, such as high-temperature superconductors, strongly correlated electronic systems, topological insulators, relaxor ferroelectrics, low-dimensional quantum magnets, non-linear optical materials, and multiferroics.
Author : C. Barry Carter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461435234
Total Pages : 775 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Ceramic Materials written by C. Barry Carter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering is an up-to-date treatment of ceramic science, engineering, and applications in a single, comprehensive text. Building on a foundation of crystal structures, phase equilibria, defects, and the mechanical properties of ceramic materials, students are shown how these materials are processed for a wide diversity of applications in today's society. Concepts such as how and why ions move, how ceramics interact with light and magnetic fields, and how they respond to temperature changes are discussed in the context of their applications. References to the art and history of ceramics are included throughout the text, and a chapter is devoted to ceramics as gemstones. This course-tested text now includes expanded chapters on the role of ceramics in industry and their impact on the environment as well as a chapter devoted to applications of ceramic materials in clean energy technologies. Also new are expanded sets of text-specific homework problems and other resources for instructors. The revised and updated Second Edition is further enhanced with color illustrations throughout the text.
Author : H.L. Bhat
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439883300
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Crystal Growth written by H.L. Bhat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Crystal Growth: Principles and Practice teaches readers about crystals and their origins. It offers a historical perspective of the subject and includes background information whenever possible. The first section of this introductory book takes readers through the historical development and motivation of the field of crystal growth. With more than 40 years of experience in the field, the author covers nucleation, two-dimensional layer growth mechanism, defects in crystals, and screw dislocation theory of crystal growth. He also explains some aspects of the important subject of phase diagrams. The second section focuses on the experimental techniques of crystal growth. For practicing crystal growers, the book provides nuts-and-bolts techniques and tips. It discusses the major techniques categorized by solid–solid, liquid–solid, and vapor–solid equilibria and describes characterization techniques essential to measuring the quality of grown crystals.
Author : Ivan V. Markov
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812382453
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth for Beginners written by Ivan V. Markov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first-ever textbook on the fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. It has been written from a unified point of view and is thus a non-eclectic presentation of this interdisciplinary topic in materials science. The reader is required to possess some basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. All formulae and equations are accompanied by examples that are of technological importance. The book presents not only the fundamentals but also the state of the art in the subject. The second revised edition includes two separate chapters dealing with the effect of the Enrich-Schwoebel barrier for down-step diffusion, as well as the effect of surface active species, on the morphology of the growing surfaces. In addition, many other chapters are updated accordingly. Thus, it serves as a valuable reference book for both graduate students and researchers in materials science.
Author : K. Byrappa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540003670
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by K. Byrappa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-17 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The modern technological developments depend greatly on the availability of suitable single crystals, whether it is for lasers, semiconductors, magnetic devices, optical devices, superconductors, telecommunication, etc. In spite of great technological advancements in the recent years, we are still in the early stage with respect to the growth of several important crystals such as diamond, silicon carbide, PZT, gallium nitride, and so on. Unless the science of growing these crystals is understood precisely, it is impossible to grow them as large single crystals to be applied in modern industry. This book deals with almost all the modern crystal growth techniques that have been adopted, including appropriate case studies. Since there has been no other book published to cover the subject after the Handbook of Crystal Growth, Eds. DTJ Hurle, published during 1993-1995, this book will fill the existing gap for its readers. The book begins with "Growth Histories of Mineral Crystals" by the most senior expert in this field, Professor Ichiro Sunagawa. The next chapter reviews recent developments in the theory of crystal growth, which is equally important before moving on to actual techniques. After the first two fundamental chapters, the book covers other topics like the recent progress in quartz growth, diamond growth, silicon carbide single crystals, PZT crystals, nonlinear optical crystals, solid state laser crystals, gemstones, high melting oxides like lithium niobates, hydroxyapatite, GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy, superconducting crystals, morphology control, and more. For the first time, the crystal growth modeling has been discussed in detail with reference to PZT and SiC crystals.
Author : Sukarno Ferreira
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535110101
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Advanced Topics on Crystal Growth written by Sukarno Ferreira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth is the key step of a great number of very important applications. The development of new devices and products, from the traditional microelectronic industry to pharmaceutical industry and many others, depends on crystallization processes. The objective of this book is not to cover all areas of crystal growth but just present, as specified in the title, important selected topics, as applied to organic and inorganic systems. All authors have been selected for being key researchers in their field of specialization, working in important universities and research labs around the world. The first section is mainly devoted to biological systems and covers topics like proteins, bone and ice crystallization. The second section brings some applications to inorganic systems and describes more general growth techniques like chemical vapor crystallization and electrodeposition. This book is mostly recommended for students working in the field of crystal growth and for scientists and engineers in the fields of crystalline materials, crystal engineering and the industrial applications of crystallization processes.
Author : Golla Eranna
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482232812
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI written by Golla Eranna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon, as a single-crystal semiconductor, has sparked a revolution in the field of electronics and touched nearly every field of science and technology. Though available abundantly as silica and in various other forms in nature, silicon is difficult to separate from its chemical compounds because of its reactivity. As a solid, silicon is chemically inert and stable, but growing it as a single crystal creates many technological challenges. Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is one of the first books to cover the systematic growth of silicon single crystals and the complete evaluation of silicon, from sand to useful wafers for device fabrication. Written for engineers and researchers working in semiconductor fabrication industries, this practical text: Describes different techniques used to grow silicon single crystals Explains how grown single-crystal ingots become a complete silicon wafer for integrated-circuit fabrication Reviews different methods to evaluate silicon wafers to determine suitability for device applications Analyzes silicon wafers in terms of resistivity and impurity concentration mapping Examines the effect of intentional and unintentional impurities Explores the defects found in regular silicon-crystal lattice Discusses silicon wafer preparation for VLSI and ULSI processing Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is an essential reference for different approaches to the selection of the basic silicon-containing compound, separation of silicon as metallurgical-grade pure silicon, subsequent purification, single-crystal growth, and defects and evaluation of the deviations within the grown crystals.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (771 download)
Download or read book The growth of single crystals written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : K. Byrappa
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 1437778364
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology written by K. Byrappa and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues
Author : Allan Myerson
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 9780080533513
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (335 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Crystallization written by Allan Myerson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002-01-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is an important separation and purification process used in industries ranging from bulk commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a number of environmental applications have also come to rely on crystallization in waste treatment and recycling processes. The authors provide an introduction to the field of newcomers and a reference to those involved in the various aspects of industrial crystallization. It is a complete volume covering all aspects of industrial crystallization, including material related to both fundamentals and applications. This new edition presents detailed material on crystallization of biomolecules, precipitation, impurity-crystal interactions, solubility, and design. Provides an ideal introduction for industrial crystallization newcomers Serves as a worthwhile reference to anyone involved in the field Covers all aspects of industrial crystallization in a single, complete volume
Author : Tsuguo Fukuda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354071295X
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Shaped Crystals written by Tsuguo Fukuda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-10 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an overview of the growth of shaped crystals (oxides, fluorides, etc.) by the micro-pulling-down technique. Both melt and solution (flux) growth are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed in detail and compared with related crystal-growth processes. The authors attempt to give a practical introduction to this technique, thereby also explaining how its application can help to solve problems commonly encountered in other melt-growth methods.
Author : Heinz K. Henisch
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 9780486689159
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth in Gels written by Heinz K. Henisch and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First book ever printed on growing crystals in a gel medium provides thorough descriptions of the procedure, its history and future potential. "Concise and readable."—Science. 42 illus. 1970 edition.
Author : Dirk Ehrentraut
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642048307
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Technology of Gallium Nitride Crystal Growth written by Dirk Ehrentraut and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the important technological aspects of the growth of GaN single crystals by HVPE, MOCVD, ammonothermal and flux methods for the purpose of free-standing GaN wafer production.
