The Great Wall of Africa: the Empire of Benin's 10,000 Mile Long Wall

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Wall of Africa: the Empire of Benin's 10,000 Mile Long Wall by : Maurice Martinez

Download or read book The Great Wall of Africa: the Empire of Benin's 10,000 Mile Long Wall written by Maurice Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nestled in the southern section of modern-day Nigeria are the remnants of a civilization so vast that one of its crowning achievements has never been matched by any civilization that has ever existed on the planet--including all modern societies. Archeologically known as the Ancient Linear Earthworks of Benin and Ishan, the Great Wall of Africa, also known as the Great Wall of Benin is almost 10,000 miles long and at some points reaches more than 60 feet in height. Even though it holds a place in the 1982 Guinness Book of World Records as the most massive structure that has ever been constructed, almost no one outside of a select few archeologists and specialists has heard of its enormous breadth. This book attempts to change that forever.The Great Wall of Africa or Great Wall of Benin actually consists of a series of linear earthworks, many of them circular, some straight, some which stand on their own, and others that interconnect across a large area of Southern Nigeria. The Great Wall of Africa, like the Great Wall of China, is not a single wall, but a series of separate walls. Until the writing of this book, and another that I authored called: From Man To Superman: Dr. John Henrik Clarke vs. Herman Cain, the Great Wall of Africa, which stretches 9,941 miles long, was known popularly among African scholars as the Walls of Benin. However, as I shall show, like the Great Wall of China, they were created by a single civilization, and therefore, constitute one major wall system. Surprisingly, Benin is an area that cultural anthropologists, known as ethnographers have taken time to study and have written about extensively. However, as Dr. Ivan Van Sertima pointed out in one of his lectures, one of the great flaws of scholarship on Africa is that: "Anthropology has for a long time had a love affair with the primitive... man living on the edge of the world... The Great Wall of Africa consists of the Great Walls of Benin which are called Iya by the Beni people. To understand the enormity of The Great Wall of Africa, one must consider the magnitude of earth displaced to construct it. The Great Wall of Benin contains more than 100 times the material of the Great Pyramid of Egypt (Pharaoh Khufu's Pyramid). This is no minor feat because the Great Pyramid is a massive structure, containing more stone than 30 Empire State buildings. In all, more than 9.1 billion cubic feet of earth was used to build the Great Wall of Benin over an 800-year time period. The average height of each wall is 3 meters or just under 10 feet high, however, some of the Iya tower almost 60 feet in height (18 meters). The Iya cover more than 2,500 square miles of land area. This massive effort took more than 150 million man-hours to construct. Simply put, if all of the material was taken from all of the buildings on New York City's borough of Manhattan, there would not be enough substance to build the Great Wall of Africa. The Great Wall of Africa contains more material than all of the financial district's buildings, all of midtown Manhattan's buildings and all of uptown Manhattan's buildings (Harlem) combined.The ancient Bini and Ishan people, the people of the Benin Empire, who built their wall, had no bulldozers, cranes or other equipment from the Caterpillar Corporation. They had no backhoe loaders, articulated trucks, or asphalt pavers... What they had was in many ways more impressive than all of these things. They were standing on the history of a continent that built 4,500 year-old pyramids that were 48 stories high, smelted carbon steel 2,000 years before the present, sent 2,400 ships to America 181 years before Christopher Columbus, produced the first universities in the world, understood how to perform surgery on the eye to remove cataracts 700 years ago, and that had charted star systems that were not discovered by Europeans and Americans until the Einstein Orbiting Satellite observed them in 1996.

The Parthenon Sculptures

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674026926
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Sculptures by : Ian Dennis Jenkins

Download or read book The Parthenon Sculptures written by Ian Dennis Jenkins and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum are unrivaled examples of classical Greek art, an inspiration to artists and writers since their creation in the fifth century bce. A superb visual introduction to these wonders of antiquity, this book offers a photographic tour of the most famous of the surviving sculptures from ancient Greece, viewed within their cultural and art-historical context. Ian Jenkins offers an account of the history of the Parthenon and its architectural refinements. He introduces the sculptures as architecture--pediments, metopes, Ionic frieze--and provides an overview of their subject matter and possible meaning for the people of ancient Athens. Accompanying photographs focus on the pediment sculptures that filled the triangular gables at each end of the temple; the metopes that crowned the architrave surmounting the outer columns; and the frieze that ran around the four sides of the building, inside the colonnade. Comparative images, showing the sculptures in full and fine detail, bring out particular features of design and help to contrast Greek ideas with those of other cultures. The book further reflects on how, over 2,500 years, the cultural identity of the Parthenon sculptures has changed. In particular, Jenkins expands on the irony of our intimate knowledge and appreciation of the sculptures--a relationship far more intense than that experienced by their ancient, intended spectators--as they have been transformed from architectural ornaments into objects of art.

The Benin Plaques

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351254596
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis The Benin Plaques by : Kathryn Wysocki Gunsch

Download or read book The Benin Plaques written by Kathryn Wysocki Gunsch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 16th century bronze plaques from the kingdom of Benin are among the most recognized masterpieces of African art, and yet many details of their commission and installation in the palace in Benin City, Nigeria, are little understood. The Benin Plaques, A 16th Century Imperial Monument is a detailed analysis of a corpus of nearly 850 bronze plaques that were installed in the court of the Benin kingdom at the moment of its greatest political power and geographic reach. By examining European accounts, Benin oral histories, and the physical evidence of the extant plaques, Gunsch is the first to propose an installation pattern for the series.

Empires of Medieval West Africa

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Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1604131640
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Empires of Medieval West Africa by : David C. Conrad

Download or read book Empires of Medieval West Africa written by David C. Conrad and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores empires of medieval west Africa.

Personal Legacies

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780972377089
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Personal Legacies by : Robin A. Edgar

Download or read book Personal Legacies written by Robin A. Edgar and published by . This book was released on 2011-05-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Loot

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1786079364
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Loot by : Barnaby Phillips

Download or read book Loot written by Barnaby Phillips and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Prospect Best Book of 2021 ‘A fascinating and timely book.’ William Boyd ‘Gripping…a must read.’ FT ‘Compelling…humane, reasonable, and ultimately optimistic.’ Evening Standard ‘[A] valuable guide to a complex narrative.’ The Times In 1897, Britain sent a punitive expedition to the Kingdom of Benin, in what is today Nigeria, in retaliation for the killing of seven British officials and traders. British soldiers and sailors captured Benin, exiled its king and annexed the territory. They also made off with some of Africa’s greatest works of art. The ‘Benin Bronzes’ are now amongst the most admired and valuable artworks in the world. But seeing them in the British Museum today is, in the words of one Benin City artist, like ‘visiting relatives behind bars’. In a time of huge controversy about the legacy of empire, racial justice and the future of museums, what does the future hold for the Bronzes?

Travels in West Africa

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 842 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Travels in West Africa by : Mary H. Kingsley

Download or read book Travels in West Africa written by Mary H. Kingsley and published by . This book was released on 1897 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a dutiful Victorian daughter, the author was thirty before being freed (by her parents' deaths) to do as she chose. She went to West Africa in 1893 and again in 1895, to investigate the beliefs and customs of the inland tribes and also to collect zoological specimens. She was appalled by the 'thin veneer of rubbishy white culture' imposed by British officials and was not afraid to say so.

Capitalism and Slavery

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Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469619490
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Capitalism and Slavery by : Eric Williams

Download or read book Capitalism and Slavery written by Eric Williams and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slavery helped finance the Industrial Revolution in England. Plantation owners, shipbuilders, and merchants connected with the slave trade accumulated vast fortunes that established banks and heavy industry in Europe and expanded the reach of capitalism worldwide. Eric Williams advanced these powerful ideas in Capitalism and Slavery, published in 1944. Years ahead of its time, his profound critique became the foundation for studies of imperialism and economic development. Binding an economic view of history with strong moral argument, Williams's study of the role of slavery in financing the Industrial Revolution refuted traditional ideas of economic and moral progress and firmly established the centrality of the African slave trade in European economic development. He also showed that mature industrial capitalism in turn helped destroy the slave system. Establishing the exploitation of commercial capitalism and its link to racial attitudes, Williams employed a historicist vision that set the tone for future studies. In a new introduction, Colin Palmer assesses the lasting impact of Williams's groundbreaking work and analyzes the heated scholarly debates it generated when it first appeared.

What Britain Did to Nigeria

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Publisher : Hurst & Company
ISBN 13 : 9781911723264
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis What Britain Did to Nigeria by : Max Siollun

Download or read book What Britain Did to Nigeria written by Max Siollun and published by Hurst & Company. This book was released on 2024-04-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory account of British imperialism's shameful impact on Africa's most populous state.

Historical Archaeology in Nigeria

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Publisher : Africa World Press
ISBN 13 : 9780865436107
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Archaeology in Nigeria by : Kit W. Wesler

Download or read book Historical Archaeology in Nigeria written by Kit W. Wesler and published by Africa World Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case studies included in this collection range from the coast of Lagos State, through the Yoruba inland, once dominated by Oyo and Ibadan, to Benin City, seat of the great pre-colonial empire, north to Zungeru, seat of colonial administration under Lord Lugard, and the Jos Plateau, homeland of the Ron; and south again to the Niger Delta, where the Nigerian people first began their historic interaction with Portuguese explorers.

Africans

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107198321
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Africans by : John Iliffe

Download or read book Africans written by John Iliffe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated and comprehensive single-volume history covering all periods from human origins to contemporary African situations.

A People's History of the World

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Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1786630818
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis A People's History of the World by : Chris Harman

Download or read book A People's History of the World written by Chris Harman and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on A People’s History of the United States, this radical world history captures the broad sweep of human history from the perspective of struggling classes. An “indispensable volume” on class and capitalism throughout the ages—for readers reckoning with the history they were taught and history as it truly was (Howard Zinn) From the earliest human societies to the Holy Roman Empire, from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, from the Industrial Revolution to the end of the twentieth century, Chris Harman provides a brilliant and comprehensive history of the human race. Eschewing the standard accounts of “Great Men,” of dates and kings, Harman offers a groundbreaking counter-history, a breathtaking sweep across the centuries in the tradition of “history from below.” In a fiery narrative, he shows how ordinary men and women were involved in creating and changing society and how conflict between classes was often at the core of these developments. While many scholars see the victory of capitalism as now safely secured, Harman explains the rise and fall of societies and civilizations throughout the ages and demonstrates that history moves ever onward in every age. A vital corrective to traditional history, A People's History of the World is essential reading for anyone interested in how society has changed and developed and the possibilities for further radical progress.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

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Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 030747772X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by : Maya Angelou

Download or read book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings written by Maya Angelou and published by Random House. This book was released on 2010-07-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a book as joyous and painful, as mysterious and memorable, as childhood itself. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings captures the longing of lonely children, the brute insult of bigotry, and the wonder of words that can make the world right. Maya Angelou’s debut memoir is a modern American classic beloved worldwide. Sent by their mother to live with their devout, self-sufficient grandmother in a small Southern town, Maya and her brother, Bailey, endure the ache of abandonment and the prejudice of the local “powhitetrash.” At eight years old and back at her mother’s side in St. Louis, Maya is attacked by a man many times her age—and has to live with the consequences for a lifetime. Years later, in San Francisco, Maya learns that love for herself, the kindness of others, her own strong spirit, and the ideas of great authors (“I met and fell in love with William Shakespeare”) will allow her to be free instead of imprisoned. Poetic and powerful, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings will touch hearts and change minds for as long as people read. “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings liberates the reader into life simply because Maya Angelou confronts her own life with such a moving wonder, such a luminous dignity.”—James Baldwin From the Paperback edition.

The Story of the Moors in Spain

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Story of the Moors in Spain by : Stanley Lane-Poole

Download or read book The Story of the Moors in Spain written by Stanley Lane-Poole and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Prehistory

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198803516
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Prehistory by : Chris Gosden

Download or read book Prehistory written by Chris Gosden and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent archaeological discoveries from China and central Asia have changed our understanding of how human civilization developed in the period of some 4 million years before the start of written history. In this new edition of his Very Short Introduction, Chris Gosden explores the current theories on the ebb and flow of human cultural variety.

Tourism in Africa

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464801975
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Tourism in Africa by : Iain Christie

Download or read book Tourism in Africa written by Iain Christie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents how tourism initiates economic development and how constraints to the growth of tourism in Sub-Saharan Africa can be addressed. With 24 case studies that illustrate tourism development, it reveals that despite destination challenges, the basic elements needed to initialize or intensify success are applicable across the region.

Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780435948115
Total Pages : 1088 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century by : Bethwell A. Ogot

Download or read book Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century written by Bethwell A. Ogot and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result of years of work by scholars from all over the world, The UNESCO General History of Africa reflects how the different peoples of Africa view their civilizations and shows the historical relationships between the various parts of the continent. Historical connections with other continents demonstrate Africa's contribution to the development of human civilization. Each volume is lavishly illustrated and contains a comprehensive bibliography. This fifth volume of the acclaimed series covers the history of the continent from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the close of the eighteenth century in which two themes emerge: first, the continuing internal evolution of the states and cultures of Africa during this period second, the increasing involvement of Africa in external trade--with major but unforeseen consequences for the whole world. In North Africa, we see the Ottomans conquer Egypt. South of the Sahara, some of the larger, older states collapse, and new power bases emerge. Traditional religions continue to coexist with both Christianity (suffering setbacks) and Islam (in the ascendancy). Along the coast, particularly of West Africa, Europeans establish a trading network which, with the development of New World plantation agriculture, becomes the focus of the international slave trade. The immediate consequences of this trade for Africa are explored, and it is argued that the long-term global consequences include the foundation of the present world-economy with all its built-in inequalities.