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The Grammar Translation Method
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Book Synopsis The Grammar-Translation Method by : Rene Tetzner
Download or read book The Grammar-Translation Method written by Rene Tetzner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-04-09 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 13 out of 16, University of Bedfordshire (Luton Business School), 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The grammar-translation method (GTM) to teach foreign languages dominated from the mid-nineteenth century to the beginning of World War Two and it is still used in some countries today. In the late eighteenth century, Prussia in Germany was the first place which began to establish GTM as the main method to teach a second language (L2) at national high schools, known as Gymnasiums. As Howatt (1997, p.131) stated the method took “... an almost impregnable position as the favoured methodology of the Prussian Gymnasien after their expansion in the early years of the nineteenth century”. Indeed GTM was in the mid-nineteenth century the only widely used teaching method in the schools, not only in Germany also in other European countries. Originally it was used to teach Greek and Latin. Five hundred years ago Latin was the “official” or main language of education, religion, business and authorities in Europe. After political changes in Europe Latin changed gradually (a process of more than three hundred years) from a living language to “a school curriculum language” and was replaced by English, German, French or Italian as the main language for communication purposes (Richards and Rodgers, 1997). In the mid-nineteenth century, Latin remained as an important subject in education for the upper class. For centuries Latin was taught to understand the fundamentals of grammar and translation in order to read or interpret Latin texts. Most of the students who were taught Latin were very well educated and therefore it was easier for them to learn a different language. It was thought that the same teaching method to teach Latin could be used to teach other foreign languages such as German, French or English. The same method to teach very well educated people should suit to teach younger learners as well. In the mid-nineteenth century the main aim was to learn a L2 for the purpose of gaining access to its literature in order to develop the learner’s minds mentally. Due to this historical background GTM is also known as the traditional or classical method, as the grammar school method or in America as the Prussian method. Along with industrialisation more opportunities for communication had been arising especially in Europe and consequently new methods for language teaching were developed in order to meet the needs of the new class of language learners (Howatt, 1997).
Book Synopsis A Comparison between "Direct Method" and Grammar "Translation Method". Different Language Teaching Methods by : Bernd-Peter Liegener
Download or read book A Comparison between "Direct Method" and Grammar "Translation Method". Different Language Teaching Methods written by Bernd-Peter Liegener and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 82%, , language: English, abstract: Two methods of teaching foreign languages, the “Direct Method” and the “Grammar Translation Method” are described and compared. The underlying principles with main focus on acquisition of communicative skills and grammatical knowledge respectively are illustrated. Looking at possible results of either method we find that there is no gradual difference between them in the sense of better or worse, but that both have completely different targets. The suggestion is made to combine different methods in order to achieve multiple goals and to vary the emphasis according to individual goals. The most ancient and probably most fundamental controversy in language teaching is the one between “Direct Method” and “Grammar Translation Method”. Both of these have totally different underlying approaches. For interested educational stakeholders or educators, there are two important questions, they should think of before looking for an appropriate method: What do I want the students to achieve? How can the learners reach this goal? One can think of different goals which should be reached by teaching a language and every teacher will want to cover most of them in their teaching. The emphasis however is very divers between the different approaches that have been developed over the years. And the most apparent difference, a completely different idea of how to teach language shows up between the two mentioned methods and their approaches respectively. This is why it is so interesting and exciting to compare these two methods and this is why I will try to tackle that task in this paper. The first and main goal of teaching a language obviously is teaching the language. But here rises already the first question: What is the language that we want the learners to learn? Are we talking about skills in oral or written language? Is our focus more on active or passive language i.e. on speaking and writing or listening and reading respectively? Are we concerned about correctness or fluency? Does correctness mean formulating grammatically correct sentences or texts, does it refer to perfect pronunciation and intonation, are we talking about style aptly adapted to the contextual situation? And does fluency have to do with the speed of writing or speaking, with the ability to develop own ideas and own formulations while speaking or writing rather than using memorized phrases? Or do we want the learners to know about the language, understanding its structure, its roots, its development?
Book Synopsis Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching by : Diane Larsen-Freeman
Download or read book Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching written by Diane Larsen-Freeman and published by Oxford University. This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a practical overview of the most important methods in the field. Readers are drawn into classrooms where various teaching methods and approaches are being used. They are encouraged to reflect on their own beliefs and to develop their own approach to language teaching. - Publisher.
Book Synopsis Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching by : Jack C. Richards
Download or read book Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching written by Jack C. Richards and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to the approaches and methods covered in the first edition, this edition includes new chapters, such as whole language, multiple intelligences, neurolinguistic programming, competency-based language teaching, co-operative language learning, content-based instruction, task-based language teaching, and The Post-Methods Era.
Book Synopsis Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics by : Jack C. Richards
Download or read book Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics written by Jack C. Richards and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This best-selling dictionary is now in its 4th edition. Specifically written for students of language teaching and applied linguistics, it has become an indispensible resource for those engaged in courses in TEFL, TESOL, applied linguistics and introductory courses in general linguistics. Fully revised, this new edition includes over 350 new entries. Previous definitions have been revised or replaced in order to make this the most up-to-date and comprehensive dictionary available. Providing straightforward and accessible explanations of difficult terms and ideas in applied linguistics, this dictionary offers: Nearly 3000 detailed entries, from subject areas such as teaching methodology, curriculum development, sociolinguistics, syntax and phonetics. Clear and accurate definitions which assume no prior knowledge of the subject matter helpful diagrams and tables cross references throughout, linking related subject areas for ease of reference, and helping to broaden students' knowledge The Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics is the definitive resource for students.
Book Synopsis Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching 3rd edition - Oxford Handbooks for Language Teachers by : Diane Larsen-Freeman
Download or read book Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching 3rd edition - Oxford Handbooks for Language Teachers written by Diane Larsen-Freeman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching has influenced the way thousands of teachers have taught English. This classic guide to developing the way you teach has been an essential resource to new and experienced teachers worldwide, and is now in its third edition. Each chapter focuses on a different teaching approach, describing it being used in the classroom, analyzing what happened, and helping you think how you could apply it to your own teaching. New features of the third edition include: a new discussion on the political dimensions of language teaching, a new digital technology chapter, and extended coverage of content-based and task-based approaches. On this site you will find additional resources, including author videos in which Diane Larsen-Freeman and Marti Anderson talk about the background to the book and new innovations in language teaching which are discussed in the third edition.
Book Synopsis Translation and Language Education by : Sara Laviosa
Download or read book Translation and Language Education written by Sara Laviosa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revival of translation as a means of learning and teaching a foreign language and as a skill in its own right is occurring at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels in universities. In this book, Sara Laviosa proposes a translation-based pedagogy that is grounded in theory and has been applied in real educational contexts. This volume draws on the convergence between the view of language and translation embraced by ecologically-oriented educationalists and the theoretical underpinnings of the holistic approach to translating culture. It puts forward a holistic pedagogy that harmonizes the teaching of language and translation in the same learning environment. The author examines the changing nature of the role of pedagogic translation starting with the Grammar Translation Method and concluding with the more recent ecological approaches to Foreign Language Education. Translation and Language Education analyses current research into the revival of translation in language teaching and is vital reading for translators, language teachers and postgraduate students working in the areas of Translation Studies and Applied Linguistics.
Book Synopsis Teaching Language and Literature On and Off-Canon by : Correoso-Rodenas, José Manuel
Download or read book Teaching Language and Literature On and Off-Canon written by Correoso-Rodenas, José Manuel and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language and literature teaching are a keystone in the age of STEM, especially when dealing with minority communities. Practical methodologies for language learning are essential for bridging the cultural gap. Teaching Language and Literature On and Off-Canon is a critical research publication that provides a multidisciplinary, multimodal, and heterogenous perspectives on the applications of language learning and teaching practices for commonly studied languages, such as Spanish, English, and French, and less-studied languages, such as Latin, Gaelic, and ancient Semitic languages. Highlighting topics such as language acquisition, artistic literature, and minority languages, this book is essential for language teachers, linguists, academicians, curriculum designers, policymakers, administrators, researchers, and students.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Ivory Tower by : Brian James Baer
Download or read book Beyond the Ivory Tower written by Brian James Baer and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is divided into three sections. The first explores the pedagogical interventions that are focused on the performance of translation. The second part discusses approaches to translator training. The third part examines some of the pedagogical opportunities and challenges.
Book Synopsis Latin by the Natural Method by : William Most
Download or read book Latin by the Natural Method written by William Most and published by . This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Preface: Most Americans who have studied Latin, with our priests and seminarians included, have employed this method, which they thought was 'traditional'. But as something fully developed, this tradition scarcely goes farther back than 1880; and even in its beginnings it hardly antedates the seventeenth century. In contrast to this method of grammatical analysis, Father Most's textbooks reproduce much of the "natural method" by which children learn their native language. Hence, the significance of Father Most's books is manifestly great for the Latin classes in any Catholic high schools or colleges. So much of our Catholic doctrine and culture have been deposited in Latin that we want many of our educated Catholics to be able to use Latin with ease. But the special significance of Father Most's texts is for the Latin classes in our seminaries. Here the students still have much the same cogent motives to master the art of using Latin with ease as the pupils of the thirteenth or sixteenth century. They need it as an indispensable means of communicating thought in their higher studies, and afterwards throughout life. The objectives (knowledge about Latin and training of mind) and corresponding methods (grammatical analysis and translation) "traditional" since 1880 have taken over in our seminaries; and there too the students have been experiencing an ever growing inability to use Latin. Father Most's textbooks can contribute much towards revolutionizing the teaching of Latin by bringing back, as the chief objective, the art of reading, writing, and (when desired) speaking Latin with ease." Fr. Most's textbooks can be classed in categories of similar texts, such as Hans Ørberg's Lingua Latina, as well as Ecce Romani which is a simplification of Ørberg or others which aim to teach Latin not even so much as a modern language, as to teach it by a method more natural to the philosophy of learning Languages. Fr. Most's text follows the view that Latin of the later period is actually more advanced in communicating ideas and is easier to learn than Latin of the classical period, and thus this Second Volume begins the transition with readings and vocabulary from the Vulgate, continuing with the more ancient collects of the 1962 Missale Romanum, St. Cyprian and culminating with a reading from the Roman Historian Sallust. This is an excellent text applying the "natural method" with English language instruction to help the student read and understand Latin natively, with numerous vehicles for simplifying the necessary memorization as well as aiding in truly understanding Latin without constant need to look in a dictionary for rudimentary sentences. This is reprinted from the 1960 edition, and follows the presentation of the text found in that edition.
Book Synopsis Teaching Foreign Language Skills by : Wilga M. Rivers
Download or read book Teaching Foreign Language Skills written by Wilga M. Rivers and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its original publication in 1968, Rivers's comprehensive and practical text has become a standard reference for both student teachers and veteran instructors. All who wish to draw from the most recent thinking in the field will welcome this new edition. Methodology is appraised, followed up by discussions on such matters as keeping students of differing abilities active, evaluating textbooks, using language labs creatively, and preparing effective exercises and drills. The author ends each chapter of this new edition with questions for research and discussion—a useful classroom tool—and provides an up-to-date bibliography that facilitates further understanding of such matters as the bilingual classroom.
Book Synopsis Translation in Language Teaching by : Guy Cook
Download or read book Translation in Language Teaching written by Guy Cook and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-18 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxford Applied Linguistics features books providing thorough yet accessible coverage of controversial topics related to language use, including learning, teaching, research, and policy. All titles are based on extensive research and include comprehensive bibliographies. The authors are noted authorities in their fields.
Book Synopsis Elements of Latin by : Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge
Download or read book Elements of Latin written by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language by : G.J. Adler
Download or read book A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language written by G.J. Adler and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1858 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Departing from Tradition by : Jay Bidal
Download or read book Departing from Tradition written by Jay Bidal and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English language teaching methods and language learning styles have changed dramatically over the past decade in Asia and the surrounding regions. Huge efforts are being made by teachers from the K-12 system, as well as at the tertiary level, to move away from the traditional Grammar-Translation Method towards more communicative approaches to teaching and learning, including the use of project – and task-based learning and technology-enhanced language learning, just to name a few of the more frequently used methodologies. In this book, the authors shed light on the changes in ELT in Asia and the region over the past 10 years or so as seen in the wider context of language policy, which puts greater value on the acquisition of English and the new directions in learner-centered classrooms which encourage student autonomy and voice and place students as active decision-makers in the learning process.With the title of “Departing from Tradition: Innovations in English Language Teaching and Learning”, this book showcases some of the innovations in ELT that are currently happening in this rapidly growing field. Given the growing importance of English and the enormous energy and enthusiasm in the region for learning the language in both formal and informal contexts, ELT will continue to flourish. This volume will offer insights into the tremendous changes that have been made in secondary and university English language classrooms across the region.
Book Synopsis The Development of Modern-language Skills by : Kenneth Chastain
Download or read book The Development of Modern-language Skills written by Kenneth Chastain and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Approaches To English Language Teaching by : Joseph C. Mukalel
Download or read book Approaches To English Language Teaching written by Joseph C. Mukalel and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2005 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: The Nature of Language, Acquisition of the First Language, Approaches to Language Teaching, Grammar-Translation Method, Structural Approach, Audio- Lingual and Direct Method, Bilingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching, Language Content and Kinds of Lessons, Techniques for Teaching English, Teaching English in Universities, Teaching English in English Medium Schools, Equipping the English Teacher, Micro-teaching in Teacher Education.
