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The Global Fund To Fight Aids Tuberculosis And Malaria Has Been Established But It Is Premature To Evaluate Its Effectiveness
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Book Synopsis The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Has Been Established But it is Premature to Evaluate Its Effectiveness by : David B. Gootnick
Download or read book The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Has Been Established But it is Premature to Evaluate Its Effectiveness written by David B. Gootnick and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Has Been Established But it is Premature to Evaluate Its Effectiveness by : David B. Gootnick
Download or read book The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Has Been Established But it is Premature to Evaluate Its Effectiveness written by David B. Gootnick and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309457637 Total Pages :385 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Global Health and the Future Role of the United States by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Global Health and the Future Role of the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976395192 Total Pages :50 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (951 download)
Book Synopsis Global Health by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Global Health written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has approved about $7 billion in grants to developing countries; the U.S. has contributed $1.9 billion. The State Department's Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) coordinates the U.S. government's overseas AIDS programs, with participation from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). In 2003, Congress directed GAO to report on the Global Fund every 2 years. This report assesses the Global Fund's (1) documentation of information used to support performance-based funding decisions, (2) progress in implementing a risk assessment model and early warning system, and (3) oversight of the performance of "local fund agents" (LFAs), which monitor grant progress in recipient countries. GAO reviewed the documentation for funding decisions and interviewed key officials.
Book Synopsis The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Background and Current Issues by :
Download or read book The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Background and Current Issues written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, is an independent foundation intended to attract and rapidly disburse new resources in developing countries for the struggle against infectious disease. The Fund is a financing vehicle, not a development agency, and its grants are intended to complement existing efforts rather than replace them. The origins of the concept of an independent funding mechanism to fight AIDS and other diseases lie partly in a French proposal made in 1998, in ideas developed in the 106th Congress, and in recommendations made by U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan in April 2001. President Bush made the founding pledge of $200 million for a disease fund in May 2001. The Global Fund was established in January 2002, following negotiations involving donor and developing country governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, and the United Nations. Through four rounds of grant awards, the Global Fund has approved 313 projects in 127 countries. Proposals are submitted to the Global Fund by Country Coordinating Mechanisms (CCMs) based in the recipient countries and including representatives of the public and private sectors, NGOs, people living with the diseases, and others. Grants are made to Principal Recipients (PRs), which may be NGOs or government agencies, and their operations must be audited. PRs are also monitored by Local Funding Agents (LFAs), which may be accounting firms or other independent organizations, and which report to the Global Fund. Contributions to the Fund to date total $3.4 billion, and the Fund has disbursed just over $1 billion. The Fund estimates that it needs $2.2 billion in 2005 to cover grant renewals and new grants, while $1.4 billion has been pledged to date.
Book Synopsis The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and the World Bank's Engagement with the Global Fund by : Independent Evaluation Group
Download or read book The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and the World Bank's Engagement with the Global Fund written by Independent Evaluation Group and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal purpose of this Global Program Review (GPR) is to learn lessons from the experience of the Global Fund and its interaction with the Bank in three areas: (a) the design and operation of large global partnership programs like the Global Fund that are financing country-level investments, (b) the engagement of the World Bank with these partnership programs, and (c) the evaluation of these programs. The Review has an intensive focus on the Bank's engagement with the Global Fund at the country level because of the potential for competition or collaboration between Global Fund-supported activities and the Bank's lending operations at the country level. Therefore, it also focuses on the design and operation of the Global Fund-supported activities at the country level. This review was initiated before the high-level independent review panel on fiduciary controls and oversight mechanisms of the Global Fund was commissioned in February 2011, and it was drafted before their final report, turning the page from emergency to sustainability, was issued on September 19, 2011. While the two studies are complementary and overlap to some extent, they were conducted independently of each other, for different audiences, and for different purposes.
Book Synopsis The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria & Health Systems Strengthening by : Stephanie Elise Weber
Download or read book The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria & Health Systems Strengthening written by Stephanie Elise Weber and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Over the last twenty years, despite unprecedented new resources to global health, there has been insufficient progress to achieve the health-related 2015 Millennium Development Goals. Health systems have been perceived as the binding constraint. Major global health agencies have expanded their funding priorities from disease specific programs to include support for health systems strengthening. Strengthening health systems broadly is beyond the mandate of agencies such as the Global Fund. Nonetheless, since its inception, the Global Fund has supported health systems; however, it has had a long-running organizational struggle with how to do it. Mechanisms for health systems support have varied, and proposals for health systems support consistently have been of a lower quality than disease proposals. The Technical Review Panel of the Fund has criticized it for lack of clarity about what it means by health systems strengthening and called into question the Fund's ability to support effective responses to health systems constraints. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to present a case study of the Global Fund's policies and strategy on health systems strengthening using the lens of neo-institutional theory. This dissertation explores the role legitimacy and the cognitive beliefs about health systems strengthening held by stakeholders in the Global Fund's environment have played in shaping the Fund's policies on health systems strengthening. Methods: Qualitative research methods are used to examine the beliefs about health systems strengthening held by members of Board delegations and the role these beliefs played in shaping the Global Fund's strategy on health systems strengthening. Official Global Fund documents were reviewed and primary data was gathered through 31 semi-structured in-depth interviews with members of the Board delegations, Secretariat, Technical Partner organizations and other relevant stakeholders in the Global Fund's environment to complement the document review. Findings: (1) Health system strengthening is a vague concept. (2) Depending on the context, there are two meanings - a technical one and a political one. (3) There is dispute over what constitutes acceptable health systems strengthening work. (4) Health system strengthening is essential for the success of the Global Fund, but there is disagreement over whether the Global Fund should engage in health system strengthening; if it does, how, and to what extent. (5) Linking funding to measurable health outcomes is essential for legitimacy. Health systems strengthening is beyond the scope of the Fund's mandate, current technical capacity and organizational design. The Fund ought to focus on what it does well, which is financing scale up of essential inputs. The Health Systems Funding Platform provides an opportunity for the Fund to support public health system strengthening in a way that will appease key stakeholders but still allow it to stay within the bounds of its disease-specific mission.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by : Dean T. Jamison
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Saving Lives, Buying Time by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Saving Lives, Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.
Book Synopsis Fraud and Abuse of Global Fund Investments at Risk Without Greater Transparency by : Shellie Bressler
Download or read book Fraud and Abuse of Global Fund Investments at Risk Without Greater Transparency written by Shellie Bressler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Performance of Global Fund and PEPFAR Monies on the Expansion of Art Coverage by : Chunling Lu
Download or read book Measuring the Performance of Global Fund and PEPFAR Monies on the Expansion of Art Coverage written by Chunling Lu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationale: New global funding mechanisms for HIV/AIDS have arisen in the wake of a concerted global effort to mobilize support for the fight against HIV/AIDS - namely, the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) in 2001 and the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in 2003. In 2003, WHO initiated "3 by 5", a campaign to place 3 million individuals, or roughly 50% of those in need, on ART by December 2005. Although the targets set by 3 by 5 have not been achieved, the demonstrated efficacy of ART in rich countries and in resource-poor setting provides a strong rationale for continued emphasis on expanding coverage. External funding to support the rapid scale-up of ART has signifcantly increased. However, questions remain regarding the actual increase in treatment coverage of the population in need that has been achieved, and the possible overestimation of the numbe of people receiving treatment, claimed by different programs. Objective: In this analysis, we will analyze the impact of spending on HIV/AIDS on targets set by global health organizations. Specifically, we will assess the relative contributions and overall impact of Global Fund and PEPFAR spending on observed trends in ART coverage. Methods: To quantify the impact of Global Fund and PEPFAR spending on scaling up ART coverage, we use ART coverage - the ratio of treatment utilization to estimated need for ART - as the outcome variable in analysis. We obtain these variables separately from UNAIDS country-specific epidemiological fact sheets and from online databases available from the WHO. The consistency of estimates across sources is investigated. Disbursement information for HIV/AIDS was obtained from the Global Fund and PEPFAR websites. Additional covariates - GDP per capita and indicators of government effectiveness - were included in the model to investigate the influence of other country-level determinants. Results: Our preliminary findings suggest that countries receiving concurrent assistance from the Global Fund and PEPFAR are experiencing increases in rates of ART coverage. Conclusion: We find that Global Fund and PEPFAR spending are having a positive impact on the expansion of ART coverage. These results must be interpreted with caution due to data quality issues such as cross-country discrepancies in how coverage data was collected and reported. Because the organizations function differently in ways that might influence spending outcomes, future work to disentangle the relative contributions of Global Fund and PEPFAR to these outcomes is especially important.
Book Synopsis Global Tuberculosis Report 2019 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Global Tuberculosis Report 2019 written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States, broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN) and targets set in the political declaration at the first UN high-level meeting on TB (held in September 2018). The 2019 edition of the global TB report was released on 17 October 2019. The data in this report are updated annually. Please note that direct comparisons between estimates of TB disease burden in the latest report and previous reports are not appropriate. The most recent time-series of estimates are published in the 2019 global TB report.
Book Synopsis Getting to Scale by : Laurence Chandy
Download or read book Getting to Scale written by Laurence Chandy and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global development community is teeming with different ideas and interventions to improve the lives of the world's poorest people. Whether these succeed in having a transformative impact depends not just on their individual brilliance but on whether they can be brought to a scale where they reach millions of poor people. Getting to Scale explores what it takes to expand the reach of development solutions beyond an individual village or pilot program so they serve poor people everywhere. Each chapter documents one or more contemporary case studies, which together provide a body of evidence on how scale can be pursued. The book suggests that the challenge of scaling up can be divided into two solutions: financing interventions at scale, and managing delivery to large numbers of beneficiaries. Neither governments, donors, charities, nor corporations are usually capable of overcoming these twin challenges alone, indicating that partnerships are key to success. Scaling up is mission critical if extreme poverty is to be vanquished in our lifetime. Getting to Scale provides an invaluable resource for development practitioners, analysts, and students on a topic that remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Contributors: Tessa Bold (Goethe University, Frankfurt), Wolfgang Fengler (World Bank, Nairobi), David Gartner (Arizona State University), Shunichiro Honda (JICA Research Institute), Michael Joseph (Vodafone), Hiroshi Kato (JICA), Mwangi Kimenyi (Brookings), Michael Kubzansky (Monitor Inclusive Markets), Germano Mwabu (University of Nairobi), Jane Nelson (Harvard Kennedy School), Alice Ng'ang'a (Strathmore University, Nairobi), Justin Sandefur (Center for Global Development), Pauline Vaughan (consultant), Chris West (Shell Foundation)
Download or read book Accra Agenda for Action written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to strengthen and deepen implementation of the Paris Declaration, the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) takes stock of progress and sets the agenda for accelerated advancement towards improving the quality and impact of aid.
Book Synopsis Innovative Financing for Development by : Suhas Ketkar
Download or read book Innovative Financing for Development written by Suhas Ketkar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries need additional, cross-border capital channeled into their private sectors to generate employment and growth, reduce poverty, and meet the other Millennium Development Goals. Innovative financing mechanisms are necessary to make this happen. 'Innovative Financing for Development' is the first book on this subject that uses a market-based approach. It compiles pioneering methods of raising development finance including securitization of future flow receivables, diaspora bonds, and GDP-indexed bonds. It also highlights the role of shadow sovereign ratings in facilitating access to international capital markets. It argues that poor countries, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa, can potentially raise tens of billions of dollars annually through these instruments. The chapters in the book focus on the structures of the various innovative financing mechanisms, their track records and potential for tapping international capital markets, the constraints limiting their use, and policy measures that governments and international institutions can implement to alleviate these constraints.
