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The Genetic And Molecular Basis Of Natural Variation For Plant Growth And Related Traits In Arabidopsis Thaliana
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Book Synopsis The Genetic and Molecular Basis of Natural Variation for Plant Growth and Related Traits in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Bjorn Pieper
Download or read book The Genetic and Molecular Basis of Natural Variation for Plant Growth and Related Traits in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Bjorn Pieper and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Genomics by : Christian R. Landry
Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Book Synopsis Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Photoprotection in Arabidopsis by : Tepsuda Rungrat
Download or read book Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Photoprotection in Arabidopsis written by Tepsuda Rungrat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light is a necessary factor for most living organism on Earth; however it can also become one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses limiting plant growth. As natural environments are extremely variable, plant has developed several mechanisms to cope with excess light energy such as adjusting leaf angle, chloroplast position, thermal dissipation, and detoxification of the reactive oxygen species resulting from stress. Among those mechanisms, thermal dissipation or Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) seem to be the most rapid photoprotective response in higher plants. To investigate the natural variation of NPQ, different sets of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) including a genetically balanced set of natural accessions, Recombinant Inbred Intercross (RIXs), and photoprotective mutants were studied using simulated natural environments. In natural habitats, natural genetic variation is selected on to result in adaptive allelic variation. The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) has been successful in identifying natural allelic variants underlying natural variation in many traits and in different plant species such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize. In order to expand the current knowledge of the genetic basis of NPQ, which may also be affected by environment, two main approaches were taken in this thesis. Firstly, the natural variation in NPQ under simulated natural environments was explored. Secondly, two mapping approaches, RIXs and GWAS, were applied to reveal candidate genes/loci underlying variation in the NPQ trait. This study investigated the physiological and molecular changes that occur in response to diurnal and seasonal growth conditions which plant experiences in the field. Two dynamic natural environments were simulated: coastal-autumn; which had moderate temperatures and light intensities, and inland-autumn; where plants were exposed to greater temperature variations and higher light intensities. Inland plants presented evidence of rapid NPQ in response to sudden higher light exposure, a decline of steady state NPQ and a decrease in chlorophyll content, indicating long-term acclimation. In contrast, coastal plants had a slower induction of NPQ followed by a slow increase in NPQ over time. This provides a better understanding on how plants have different NPQ kinetics responses under different environments; furthermore the responses are varied between accessions. The findings presented in this thesis demonstrated that natural genetic variation in NPQ phenotype is influenced not only by genetic factor but also environmental effects. TheGWAS and RIX results for the NPQ trait revealed a total of 27 QTL, of which RIX-QTL5-3, QTL5-2, and QTL5-3 overlapped between the two different mapping approaches. One of the most significant findings from this study is the identification of QTL1-4, which was found predominantly in the coastal condition. This QTL was directly over the PSII protein subunit PsbS gene, of which the loss of function mutant, non-photochemical quenching 4 (npq4), has been shown to lack Energy-dependent quenching (qE). The identification of this a priori gene is significant as although it a known NPQ gene it has not been identified in previous NPQ mapping studies. This suggests that the novel use of climate chambers and GWAS in this study allowed the genetic basis of variation in NPQ specific to certain environments and certain plant developmental stages to be identified. Taken together, the findings presented here have provided meaningful insight into the naturally occurring genetic variation in Arabidopsis accessions during stressful condition, providing the opportunity to identify more genes that are involved in the regulation of photoprotection in response to the natural environment.
Book Synopsis Genetic Characterization of Natural Variation Regulating Thermal Responses in Plant Development by : Wangsheng Zhu
Download or read book Genetic Characterization of Natural Variation Regulating Thermal Responses in Plant Development written by Wangsheng Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature affects several aspects of plant growth and development. The predicted rises in global temperature is expected to have an impact on worldwide crop productivity. Plants alter their physiological and developmental strategies in order to survive day to day and seasonal fluctuation in their growth temperature. In order to predict the impact of temperature on plants and to develop varieties that can cope with varied temperatures, we need to have a better knowledge of temperature response in plants at the molecular level. It is currently unclear as to how plants perceive and respond to varying temperatures. In this thesis, I employed model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as a tool to identify new factors involved in this process in plants. In this thesis, I have screened for natural variation in Arabidopsis accessions in temperature-response, followed by gene identification and characterization. First, Cvi-0, collected from Cape Verde Island, was identified to be insensitive to higher temperature. Using Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping with recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Cvi-0 and the reference strain Col-0 (CviColRILs), I showed that a QTL tightly linked to the blue light receptor CRYTOCHROMOME 2 (CRY2) contributes to natural variation in hypocotyl elongation and flowering response to temperature. The role for the CviCRY2 allele in response to temperature was supported by quantitative knockdown experiment with artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) in Cvi-0. In addition, transgenic complementation experiments with CviCRY2 allele in the Ler-0, Col-0 and cry2 mutant backgrounds suggest that the role of CRY2 in regulating temperature response is dependent on the genetic background indicating the presence of modifiers for this response. Second, I discovered that Sij4 strain, collected from central Asia, is insensitive to temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation, and displays a temperature-dependent growth defect in their first leaves (thus named "abnormal first leaves (afl)"). Both traits show high genetic correlation (afl) (rG=0.88) indicating common genetic basis. Using Sij4ColF2 and Sij4LerF2 populations, I fine mapped the AFL locus to a 6 kb fragment, which includes a previously uncharacterized gene At2g31580. I demonstrate At2g31580 is AFL through transgenic complementation and artificial microRNA mediated knock-down experiments. I show that AFL regulates cell cycle at the G2/M transition through a combination of flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis and by using the cell cycle marker CYCB1. CyclinB1,1 (CYCB1,1), a key gene in the regulation of cell cycle, was not mis-expressed on transcriptional level, but a strong pCYCB1,1-CYCB1,1-GFP signal accumulated in mutant cells suggested that inhibition of CYCB1,1 degrading during G2/M phase transition. This was associated with increased DNA content suggestive of endoreduplication. Furthermore, I have shown that plants compromised for AFL function are more prone to DNA damage, suggesting a role for AFL in DNA repair. In summary, my studies on natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis identify a new factor AFL in regulating cell elongation and cell proliferation in response to higher temperature. In this thesis I review temperature response in plants and then report novel functions for two genes, CRY2 and AFL, in higher temperature response. In the first chapter I review our understanding of temperature response in plants and the associated mechanisms. I also provide an introduction to natural variation in Arabidopsis. In the second chapter I describe the results from screen I have carried out to find natural variants with altered thermal response and then go on describe the genetic basis of the temperature insensitivity phenotype in the Cvi-0 strain of Arabidopsis thaliana. In Chapter 3, I describe the genetic and molecular basis of temperature insensitivity in Sij-4, another strain I picked up from the screen. The natural afl mutant allele in Sij4 can be used as system to address fundamental questions of AFL beyond temperature response such as cell cycle regulation in plants. My finding on CRY2 opens up avenues for studying temperature and light interactions. The implications of this study as well as future areas for research are also discusses.
Book Synopsis Decoding the Complexity of Natural Variation for Shoot Growth and Response to the Environment in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Charlotte Trontin
Download or read book Decoding the Complexity of Natural Variation for Shoot Growth and Response to the Environment in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Charlotte Trontin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genotypes adapted to contrasting environments are expected to behave differently when placed in common controlled conditions, if their sensitivity to environmental cues or intrinsic growth behaviour are set to different thresholds, or are limited at distinct levels. This allows natural variation to be exploited as an unlimited source of new alleles or genes for the study of the genetic basis of quantitative trait variation. My doctoral work focuses on analysing natural variation for shoot growth and response to the environment in A. thaliana. Natural variation analyses aim at understanding how molecular genetic or epigenetic diversity controls phenotypic variation at different scales and times of plant development and under different environmental conditions, and how selection or demographic processes influence the frequency of those molecular variants in populations for them to get adapted to their local environment. As such, the analysis of A. thaliana natural variation can be addressed using a variety of approaches, from genetics and molecular methods to ecology and evolutionary questions. During my PhD, I got the chance to tackle several of those aspects through my contributions to three independent projects which have in common to exploit A. thaliana natural variation. The first one is the analysis of the pattern of polymorphism from a set of 102 A. thaliana accessions at the MOT1 gene coding for a molybdate transporter (an essential micronutrient) and responsible for contrasted growth and fitness among accessions in response to Mo availability in the soil. I showed at different geographical scales that MOT1 pattern of polymorphisms is not consistent with neutral evolution and shows signs of diversifying selection. This work helped reinforce the hypothesis that in some populations, mutations in MOT1 have been selected to face soils rich in Mo and potentially deleterious despite their negative effect on Mo-limiting soils. The second project consists in the characterisation and functional analysis of two putative receptor-like kinases (RLKs) identified from their effect on shoot growth specifically under mannitol-supplemented media and not in response to other osmotic constraints. The function of such RLKs in A. thaliana, which is not known to synthesize mannitol was intriguing at first but, through different experiments, we built the hypothesis that those RLKs could be activated by the mannitol produced by some pathogens such as fungi and participate to plant defensive response. The third project, in collaboration with Michel Vincentz's team from CBMEG (Brasil) and Vincent Colot (IBENS, Paris), consists in the analysis of the occurrence of natural epigenetic variants of the QQS gene in different populations from Central Asia and their possible phenotypic and adaptive consequences. Overall, these analyses of the genetic and epigenetic molecular variation leading to the biomass phenotype(s) in interaction with the environment provide clues as to how and where in the pathways adaptation is shaping natural variation.
Book Synopsis Natural Variation for Growth in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Daniela-Loredana Vlad
Download or read book Natural Variation for Growth in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Daniela-Loredana Vlad and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not only do plants represent an essential food source, but they are also an important source of renewable materials and molecules. In this context, plant growth, and consequently yield, is an important parameter of tomorrow's agriculture and society in many ways. Also fundamental to our understanding of evolution, plant growth is an extremely complex process under the influence of many factors from virtually any aspects of plant biology. The genetic analysis of natural variation allows the discovery of allelic variants at previously known genes or new genes affecting quantitative traits. We aimed at identifying genes underlying natural variation for shoot growth using a quantitative genetics approach (QTL mapping). The analysis of shoot growth variation from a Bur-0 x Col-0 Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) set, led to the identification of two loci, SG1 (Shoot Growth-1) mapped at the top of chromosome 5 and SG3 (Shoot Growth-3) results from allelic variation in the genomic region underlying a QTL predicted between 14 and 15 Mb on chromosome 4. SG3 was not visible in the RIL population due to an epistatic interaction with another locus SG3i (SG3-interactor), and because it was very likely counter-selected. Fine-mapping and complementation revealed the gene responsible for the phenotype, a stromal oxidoreductase affecting photosynthetic electron transfer rate, which was duplicated in Bur-0 but not in Col-0. We show that natural variation at the SG3 locus is explained by the divergent evolution of a (dispersed) single gene duplication causing the transposition of the functional copy of the gene in Bur (compared to Col). The presence of the Col allele at SG1 has severe phenotypic consequences. The candidate region for SG1 has been reduced to ~ 8 kb containing only one gene of unknown function and no major sequence polymorphism. On the other hand, the two alleles at SG1 show important DNA-methylation contrast. Even though we tend to think that SG1 is the effect of an epiallele, so far the genetic mechanism is not understood. The analysis of these QTLs revealed new genes affecting plant growth, and allows us to draw an always more complex picture of the architecture of quantitative traits.
Book Synopsis Evolution of flagellin perception in Arabidopsis thaliana and its relatives by : Madlen Vetter
Download or read book Evolution of flagellin perception in Arabidopsis thaliana and its relatives written by Madlen Vetter and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2010-08-20 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are constantly challenged by microbes which try to gain fitness benefits at the cost of their host. Microbes which may putatively cause disease are therefore detected by plant receptors that bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The peptide flg22 resembles the most conserved part of the N-terminus of bacterial flagellin and is perceived as a PAMP by the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) in all higher plant species. Upon perception of flg22, FLS2 elicits PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and thus contributes to host survival and fitness. While the evolution of resistance (R) genes has been extensively examined, no detailed studies on the evolution of PRRs are available, although this information may improve pest management in crops. Here, functional variation of FLS2 in A. thaliana and its relatives within the Brassicaceae was investigated. Differences in FLS2 protein abundance but no major changes in affinity of FLS2 towards flg22 cause functional diversity in accessions of A. thaliana. Duplication of the FLS2 gene in A. lyrata contributes to a large variation in flg22 perception in this species. FLS2 functional variation correlates with bacteria load in the plant mesophyll. Despite this beneficial contribution to Darwinian fitness, functional variation segregates within populations of A. thaliana. The intraspecific variation in flg22 perception in A. thaliana is as pronounced as among several Brassicaceae species. This suggests that FLS2 is not subjected to directional selection towards a general optimum of receptor function but flg22 perception is a quantitative trait in the Brassicaceae family. Using genetic and quantitative population differentiation to detect natural selection, no conclusive evidence could be found that evolution of flg22 perception is driven by the adaptation to local flg22 variants as has been demonstrated for highly specific gene-for-gene interaction of R genes and their cognate microbial effector molecules. Instead, flg22 perception correlates with the flg22-triggered inhibition of seedling growth. The genetic basis of inhibition of seedling growth was investigated by quantitative trait locus mapping and revealed that a locus which co-localizes with FLS2 partially controls variation in inhibition of seedling growth. Furthermore, fitness assays with functional and non-functional FLS2 alleles revealed a background-dependent detrimental effect of FLS2 on reproductive fitness. Moreover, variation in flg22 perception is correlated with flowering time in A. thaliana giving first experimental evidence that FLS2 function and life-history traits do not evolve independently.
Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination by : Kent Bradford
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination written by Kent Bradford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation, dispersal and germination of seeds are crucial stages in the life cycles of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. The unique properties of seeds, particularly their tolerance to desiccation, their mobility, and their ability to schedule their germination to coincide with times when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival as seedlings, have no doubt contributed significantly to the success of seed-bearing plants. Humans are also dependent upon seeds, which constitute the majority of the world’s staple foods (e.g., cereals and legumes). Seeds are an excellent system for studying fundamental developmental processes in plant biology, as they develop from a single fertilized zygote into an embryo and endosperm, in association with the surrounding maternal tissues. As genetic and molecular approaches have become increasingly powerful tools for biological research, seeds have become an attractive system in which to study a wide array of metabolic processes and regulatory systems. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology from the point of view of the developmental and regulatory processes that are involved in the transition from a developing seed through dormancy and into germination and seedling growth. It examines the complexity of the environmental, physiological, molecular and genetic interactions that occur through the life cycle of seeds, along with the concepts and approaches used to analyze seed dormancy and germination behavior. It also identifies the current challenges and remaining questions for future research. The book is directed at plant developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders, seed biologists and graduate students.
Book Synopsis The Molecular Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Trichome Density in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Rebecca Bloomer
Download or read book The Molecular Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Trichome Density in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Rebecca Bloomer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods In Arabidopsis Research by : Nam-hai Chua
Download or read book Methods In Arabidopsis Research written by Nam-hai Chua and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992-06-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the ways to make consistent progress in a particular field of biology consists in choosing a good model system on which to focus the experimental efforts of the scientific community. It has taken a long time for scientists interested in various aspects of the life of plants to reach some sort of consensus. With the advent and impact of molecular biology, the small weed Arabidopsis is now the object of rapidly growing scientific attention. Since it is reasonable to assume that the general molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the physiological, cellular and biochemical properties of plants will be essentially conserved in all plants, it follows that these mechanisms should also operate in Arabidopsis and hence that its genome should contain most of the genes that we need to know about if we want to understand the genetic determination of the life processes in plants.Arabidopsis has a small genome and well documented genetic studies are available. It is easy to grow in large numbers and mutants defining important genetically controlled mechanisms are either available, or can readily be obtained. Various methods to introduce and express isolated homologous or heterologous genes are available. It is therefore realistic and desirable to aim at exploring the genome of this plant in very great detail. As will be illustrated in this book all the elements for such a grand strategy are in place.More and more scientists are therefore willing to accept the obvious and very real practical disadvantages resulting from its small size when experiments call for the isolation of proteins, membranes, subcellular fractions etc, in order to benefit from its extraordinary experimental advantages as a model system in molecular genetics. One can safely predict that in the next decade studies with Arabidopsis will provide major breakthroughs in our understanding of most aspects of plant physiology and developmental biology. The importance of this knowledge for plant breeding and therefore for a sustainable highly productive agriculture cannot be overestimated. We therefore expect that this book will provide valuable guidelines to all those who are planning experiments aimed at understanding various aspects of plant growth, productivity and interactions with the environment. The book offers a wealth of methodical and theoretical information as well as valuable references. It should be of use to students, teachers, as well as advanced researchers and those breeders who want to use molecular techniques in breeding.
Book Synopsis A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl by : Karl W. Broman
Download or read book A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl written by Karl W. Broman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive discussion of QTL mapping concepts and theory Detailed instructions on the use of the R/qtl software, the most featured and flexible software for QTL mapping Two case studies illustrate QTL analysis in its entirety
Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, Insect-Plant Interactions by : Claudia Voelckel
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, Insect-Plant Interactions written by Claudia Voelckel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-02 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest volume in Wiley Blackwell’s prestigious Annual Plant Reviews brings together articles that describe the biochemical, genetic, and ecological aspects of plant interactions with insect herbivores.. The biochemistry section of this outstanding volume includes reviews highlighting significant findings in the area of plant signalling cascades, recognition of herbivore-associated molecular patterns, sequestration of plant defensive metabolites and perception of plant semiochemicals by insects. Chapters in the genetics section are focused on genetic mapping of herbivore resistance traits and the analysis of transcriptional responses in both plants and insects. The ecology section includes chapters that describe plant-insect interactions at a higher level, including multitrophic interactions, investigations of the cost-benefit paradigm and the altitudinal niche-breadth hypothesis, and a re-evaluation of co-evolution in the light of recent molecular research. Written by many of the world’s leading researchers in these subjects, and edited by Claudia Voelckel and Georg Jander, this volume is designed for students and researchers with some background in plant molecular biology or ecology, who would like to learn more about recent advances or obtain a more in-depth understanding of this field. This volume will also be of great use and interest to a wide range of plant scientists and entomologists and is an essential purchase for universities and research establishments where biological sciences are studied and taught. To view details of volumes in Annual Plant Reviews, visit: www.wiley.com/go/apr Also available from Wiley: Plant Defense Dale Walters 9781405175890 Herbicides and Plant Physiology, 2nd Edn Andrew Cobb & John Reade 9781405129350
Book Synopsis Elucidating the Molecular Basis of Enhanced Growth in the Arabidopsis Thaliana Accession Bur-0 by : Catalina Moreno Curtidor
Download or read book Elucidating the Molecular Basis of Enhanced Growth in the Arabidopsis Thaliana Accession Bur-0 written by Catalina Moreno Curtidor and published by . This book was released on 2021* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life cycle of flowering plants is a dynamic process that involves successful passing through several developmental phases and tremendous progress has been made to reveal cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying these phases, morphogenesis, and growth. Although several key regulators of plant growth or developmental phase transitions have been identified in Arabidopsis, little is known about factors that become active during embryogenesis, seed development and also during further postembryonic growth. Much less is known about accession-specific factors that determine plant architecture and organ size. Bur-0 has been reported as a natural Arabidopsis thaliana accession with exceptionally big seeds and a large rosette; its phenotype makes it an interesting candidate to study growth and developmental aspects in plants, however, the molecular basis underlying this big phenotype remains to be elucidated. Thus, the general aim of this PhD project was to investigate and unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the big ...
Download or read book Seeds written by J. Bewley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of our monograph on seed physiology and biochemistry (The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination, Sprin ger-Verlag, 1978, 1982), it has been suggested to us that a text covering the same subject area would be appropriate. This book is our response. Unlike the previous volumes, however, this text is not intended to be either a critical or a comprehensive account. Instead it is a more generalized consideration of the essential aspects of seed physiology and biochemistry as we see them. It also includes a substantial amount of new and different material. In a work of this sort it is inevitable that some simplifications must be made, but we hope, never theless, that we have presented the most reasonable conspectus of areas of con troversy and uncertainty. In this respect, literature citations have been kept to a minimum and do not interrupt the text; they are placed at the end of each chapter and are intended to be used as a source for further references. We hope that this book will be of value to students and teachers in uni versities, colleges, and other institutes of higher learning whose courses include plant biology. Although it is particularly appropriate for studies of seed biol ogy, it should also find broader applications in general plant physiology, agri culture, and horticulture.
Book Synopsis Genetic and Molecular Mechanism of Hybrid Incompatibility in Arabidopsis by : Diana Burkart-Waco
Download or read book Genetic and Molecular Mechanism of Hybrid Incompatibility in Arabidopsis written by Diana Burkart-Waco and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barriers to gene flow between populations are an important determinant of genome evolution and play a fundamental role in speciation. The so-called `barrier' or `speciation genes' contribute to reproductive isolation by preventing successful interspecific mating, pre- or post-fertilization. Success of interspecific mating depends on the parental evolutionary distance, but also on the balance between the parental genomes. Insufficient dosage of maternal or paternal genomic factors in the gametes results in genomic stress for the developing embryo, involving epigenetic restructuring and gene misregulation. In interspecific crosses between the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its close wild relative Arabidopsis arenosa, high seed abortion (~77 to 99%) is indicative of post-zygotic incompatibilities. Additionally, the endosperm of hybrid seed often fails to cellularize and important protein complexes involved in gene imprinting and gene regulation in development display a loss of misregulation that is dependent on parental dosage. The observed quantitative variation between different A. thaliana accessions in their ability to produce live seed with the close relative A. arenosa has led to the hypothesis that there are one or more genes that mediate this interspecific incompatibility. What are these genes and how do they interact to produce a deleterious outcome? Specific Aims: The goal of my thesis is to use existing natural variation between A. thaliana ecotypes to characterize the genetic and molecular basis of hybrid incompatibility between diploid Arabidopsis species with the aims of: I) Identifying genetic factors encoded by the maternal genome that mediate hybrid seed survival. II) Investigating the downstream effects of hybridization through transcriptome analysis on hybrids that have varying degrees of seed survival. III) Documenting the developmental consequences of imprinted factor misregulation.
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Arabidopsis Thaliana by :
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) is an abundant element on earth. It is a crucial macro-element for plant growth and development. The lack of N causes reduced shoot growth and photosynthesis, early flowering, increased lateral/primary root ratio, and anthocyanin accumulation. Farmers apply N fertilizers to deal with N shortage, however, it causes adverse effects on the environment. Plants are adapted to live under low N supply and can still sustain growth and reproduction. N use efficiency (NUE), shoot dry matter per shoot N content, is used to measure the adaptation to the N depletion. This research investigates the candidate genes, which are responsible for sub-optimal N supply adaptation by using Arabidopsis thaliana, as a model organism. 354 diverse accessions of a natural population, called as HapMap population, are screened under sub-optimal (1 mM) and optimal (5 mM) N (in the form of ammonium/nitrate) conditions. NUE, related agronomic traits (NRATs), and phenotypic plasticity are used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is used as a mapping technique and identifies 28 QTLs. 20 accessions from HapMap population are reassessed to confirm extreme accessions in the population. Besides, positive correlation is observed between NUE and relative growth rate and between shoot N concentration and water content. Br-0 and Col-0, two distinct accessions on NUE, are selected as parental accessions for further QTL investigation using bi-parental linkage mapping. QTL mapping reveals seven loci in Br-0 and Col-0 RIL population. One locus, associated with the phenotypic plasticity of water content in GWAS and the shoot fresh weight in the bi-parental linkage mapping, is found to be co-located in both mapping results. This research indicates that the natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana has a great potential for investigation of NUE improvement in plants. Both GWAS and bi-parental linkage mapping use the natural genetic variation to identify QTLs associated with NUE, NRATs, and phenotypic plasticity.
Book Synopsis Natural Genetic Variation for Regulation of Photosynthesis Response to Light in Arabidopsis Thaliana by :
Download or read book Natural Genetic Variation for Regulation of Photosynthesis Response to Light in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
