Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download The Future Of Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles In The United States full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Future Of Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles In The United States ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : David M. Okorn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)
Download or read book The Future of Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles in the United States written by David M. Okorn and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Natural Gas Vehicles written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oghenerume Christopher Kragha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (668 download)
Download or read book Economic Implications of Natural Gas Vehicle Technology in U.S. Private Automobile Transportation written by Oghenerume Christopher Kragha and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation represents almost 28 percent of the United States' energy demand. Approximately 95 percent of U.S. transportation utilizes petroleum, the majority of which is imported. With significant domestic conventional gas resources, optimistic projections of unconventional natural gas resources, and the growing international liquefied natural gas (LNG) market, gas prices are expected to remain lower than oil. While natural gas currently provides approximately 24 percent of the United States' energy consumption, there has been no significant growth in the natural gas vehicle market in the past fifteen years. Natural gas has comparative environmental advantages to gasoline and diesel, with lower CO2 emissions per mega joule of fuel consumption. A natural gas powered vehicle fleet could reduce the country's fuel costs, dependence on imported fuel, and greenhouse gas emissions. To fully comprehend the future role of natural gas vehicles in the United States, all the major technological and market forces affecting the successful deployment of this vehicle technology must be analyzed interdependently under market and energy policy-regulated scenarios. I investigate the potential role of natural gas in transportation using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the global economy that is resolved for the US and other major countries and regions. To do so, I add a dedicated compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle option to the Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) Model as an option to the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. The model projects changing prices of fuel and other goods over time, given specification of resource availabilities. With the CNG vehicle specification I am able to evaluate the effect of the CNG option on transportation emissions, oil imports, natural gas use, and other economic indicators. I consider different policy scenarios for the future, including the adoption of a targeted emissions cap policy to see how that affects the competitiveness of CNG vehicles. Several conclusions about the potential role of nature gas vehicles in the United States are drawn from this analysis. First, NG vehicles will reduce household transportation emissions in proportion to their share of the vehicle fleet. Second, stringent emissions policies will stimulate the penetration of natural gas vehicles, but high vehicle costs and infrastructure may hinder their deployment. There is a correlation between increased NG vehicle use and the reduction of oil imports. In the long term, development of cleaner alternative fuels with similar infrastructure to gasoline may hamper CNG vehicle growth.
Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781505203714
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Natural Gas for Cars and Trucks written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in domestic supplies of natural gas has raised new interest in expanding its use in the transportation sector. This report considers issues related to wider use of natural gas as a fuel in passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The attractiveness of natural gas as a vehicle fuel is premised in large part on its low price (on an energy-equivalent basis) compared to gasoline and diesel fuel. When prices for gasoline and diesel are relatively low or natural gas prices are relatively high, natural-gas-based fuels lose much of their price advantage. While natural gas has other benefits-such as producing lower emissions than gasoline and diesel and protecting users of transportation fuels from the volatility of the international oil market-it is largely the cost advantage, if any, that will determine the future attractiveness of natural gas vehicles. There are a number of technology pathways that could lead to greater use of natural gas in transportation. Some require pressurized systems to use natural gas in a gaseous state, and others convert natural gas to a liquid. Two of the most widely discussed options use compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Other technological approaches use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane, and hydrogen. In addition, natural gas can be used to generate electricity to power electric vehicles. Increasing the use of natural gas to fuel vehicles would require creation of an extensive nationwide refueling infrastructure. Although a small number of CNG vehicles have been on U.S. roads for more than 20 years, CNG use has been limited to vehicles that return to a central garage for refueling each day, such as refuse trucks, short-haul trucks, and city buses. LNG, on the other hand, requires large insulated tanks to keep the liquefied gas at a very low temperature and is therefore seen as more suitable for long-haul trucks. In both cases, the limited availability of refueling stations has limited the distances and routes these vehicles may travel. Congress has taken a strong interest in spurring production and use of natural gas vehicles. Legislation has been introduced on a wide range of proposals that would equalize the tax treatment of LNG and diesel fuels, provide tax credits for natural gas vehicles and refueling equipment, require the production of vehicles that could run on several different fuels (such as gasoline and CNG), increase federal research and development on natural gas vehicle tank and fuel line technologies, and revise vehicle emission regulations to encourage manufacturers to produce more CNG passenger cars. Legislation pending in the 113th Congress includes proposals that would extend expired tax credits for refueling property and fuel cell vehicles (S. 2260), authorize the use of energy savings performance contracts to support the use of natural gas and electric vehicles (S. 761), and require the U.S. Postal Service to study the feasibility of using natural gas and propane in long-haul trucks (S. 1486).
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309268524
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Fuels for the Future written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309159474
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Author : Castlen Moore Kennedy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Assessing the Viability of Compressed Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel for Light-duty Vehicles in the United States written by Castlen Moore Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent optimistic revisions to projections for recoverable natural gas resources in the United States have generated renewed interest in the possibility of greater utilization of natural gas as a transportation fuel. Against a backdrop of significant policy challenges for the United States, including air quality concerns in urban areas, slow economic growth and high unemployment, and a rising unease with regard to an increasing dependence on foreign oil; natural gas offers the nation's transportation sector an opportunity to reduce mobile emissions, lower fuel costs, create jobs and reduce dependence on imported oil. While the current focus for expanded use of natural gas in the transportation sector emphasizes heavy duty and fleet vehicles, there may also be potential for increased use for passenger vehicles. Inconvenience, with regard to refueling, and high incremental vehicle costs, however, are seen as major obstacles to greater adaptation. This analysis examines the benefits and drawbacks of natural gas vehicles from the passenger vehicle perspective and includes data from a cross-country road trip. The report includes a review of market trends and possible development scenarios and concludes with recommendations to minimize the potential challenges of greater adaptation of natural gas vehicles in the passenger vehicle market.
Author : Brian Anthony Abbanat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Alternative Fuel Vehicles written by Brian Anthony Abbanat and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Fuels for the Future written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Compressed Natural Gas Fueled Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes the experience of the City of Houston in defining the compressed natural gas fueled vehicle research scope and issues. It details the ways in which the project met initial expectations, and how the project scope, focus, and duration were adjusted in response to unanticipated results. It provides examples of real world successes and failures in efforts to commercialize basic research in adapting a proven technology (natural gas) to a noncommercially proven application (vehicles). Phase one of the demonstration study investigates, develops, documents, and disseminates information regarding the economic, operational, and environmental implications of utilizing compressed natural gas (CNG) in various truck fueling applications. The four (4) truck classes investigated are light duty gasoline trucks, medium duty gasoline trucks, medium duty diesel trucks and heavy duty diesel trucks. The project researches aftermarket CNG conversions for the first three vehicle classes and original equipment manufactured (OEM) CNG vehicles for light duty gasoline and heavy duty diesel classes. In phase two of the demonstration project, critical issues are identified and assessed with respect to implementing use of CNG fueled vehicles in a large vehicle fleet. These issues include defining changes in local, state, and industry CNG fueled vehicle related codes and standards; addressing vehicle fuel storage limitations; using standardized vehicle emission testing procedures and results; and resolving CNG refueling infrastructure implementation issues and related cost factors. The report identifies which CNG vehicle fueling options were tried and failed and which were tried and succeeded, with and without modifications. The conclusions include a caution regarding overly optimistic assessments of CNG vehicle technology at the initiation of the project.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309373913
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)
Download or read book The Heavy-duty Vehicle Future in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, we present a parametric analysis of factors that can influence advanced fuel and technology deployments in U.S. Class 7-8 trucks through 2050. The analysis focuses on the competition between traditional diesel trucks, natural gas vehicles (NGVs), and ultra-efficient powertrains. Underlying the study is a vehicle choice and stock model of the U.S. heavy-duty vehicle market. Moreover, the model is segmented by vehicle class, body type, powertrain, fleet size, and operational type. We find that conventional diesel trucks will dominate the market through 2050, but NGVs could have significant market penetration depending on key technological and economic uncertainties. Compressed natural gas trucks conducting urban trips in fleets that can support private infrastructure are economically viable now and will continue to gain market share. Ultra-efficient diesel trucks, exemplified by the U.S. Department of Energy's SuperTruck program, are the preferred alternative in the long haul segment, but could compete with liquefied natural gas (LNG) trucks if the fuel price differential between LNG and diesel increases. However, the greatest impact in reducing petroleum consumption and pollutant emissions is had by investing in efficiency technologies that benefit all powertrains, especially the conventional diesels that comprise the majority of the stock, instead of incentivizing specific alternatives.
Author : John G. Ingersoll
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Natural Gas Vehicles written by John G. Ingersoll and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1996 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the technologies necessary to make natural gas vehicles a practical reality have led to a surge of interest in developing the necessary infrastructure for broader market penetration. This important reference contains a compendium of up-to-the-minute information addressing every aspect of natural gas vehicles, including cost parameters, environmental benefits, and an examination of market penetration strategies. The book provides a comprehensive assessment of natural gas as a vehicular fuel, covering availability issues, recent breakthroughs in vehicle on-board storage, and comparison with other low-polluting fuel technologies, including hydrogen and methane. The roles for federal, state and local governments, auto manufacturers and natural gas suppliers in making both natural gas vehicles and the fuel to operate them widely available, are examined.
Author : Kevin Edward McCarthy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (259 download)
Download or read book Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles written by Kevin Edward McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses how compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles work, what has the state done to promote these vehicles, and why aren't there more CNG vehicles in use in the state.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on International Scientific Cooperation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Alternative Transportation Fuel written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on International Scientific Cooperation and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Naomi W. Ledé
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Used by Transit Agencies in Texas written by Naomi W. Ledé and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a detailed comparative analysis of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). The study provides data on two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas. First, the state-of-the-art in alternative fuels is examined to establish a framework for the study. Efforts were made to examine selected characteristics of two types of NG demonstrations in terms of the following properties: energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, operations, maintenance, reliability, safety costs, and fuel availability. Where feasible, two alternative fuels were compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Environmental considerations relative to fuel distribution and use are analyzed, with a focus on examining flammability and other safety-related issues. The objectives of the study included assessing the state-of-the-art and document-relevant findings pertaining to alternative fuels, analyzing and synthesizing existing databases on two NG alternatives (LNG and CNG), comparing two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas, and addressing selected aspects of alternative fuels such as energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, safety, costs, maintenance and operations, and environmental issues. A profile of two alternative fuels used by Texas transit agencies is presented. The comparisons made about properties of LNG and CNG provide a context within which an assessment of other alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and electric vehicles can be made. The findings of the study will contribute to existing evidence on alternative fuels. Data included in the study will be useful to transportation industry officials in the public and private sector. Comparative data on alternative fuels will contribute to a greater understanding of their use and enhance policy decisions about alternative fuels.
