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The Ftc Cigarette Test Method For Determining Tar Nicotine And Carbon Monoxide Yields Of Us Cigarettes
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Book Synopsis The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes by : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Download or read book The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes written by National Cancer Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U. S. Cigarettes by : Department of Health & Human Services
Download or read book The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U. S. Cigarettes written by Department of Health & Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the emerging scientific evidence that cigarette smoking posed a significant health risk to the user, in the early 1950's the major cigarette manufacturers began widespread promotion of filtered cigarettes to reassure smokers that, regardless of whatever unhealthy constituents were in cigarette smoke, filters were a "scientific" breakthrough. Advertisements for Viceroy's "health guard filter" stated, "DENTISTS ADVISE-Smoke VICEROYS-The Nicotine and Tars Trapped by The Viceroy Filter CAN NEVER STAIN YOUR TEETH!" and "Leading N.Y. Doctor Tells His Patients What to Smoke-Filtered Cigarette Smoke Is Better For Health. The Nicotine and Tars Trapped ... Cannot Reach Mouth, Throat Or Lungs." Chesterfield was "Best for you-low in nicotine, highest in quality," while L&M's were "Just What the Doctor Ordered." Lorillard Tobacco Company stressed its science-based Kent micronite filter (the original micronite filter was made of asbestos) and claimed it removed seven times more tar and nicotine than any other cigarette, which "put Kent in a class all by itself where health protection is concerned." Of course, we know today that not only were these claims patently false, but the cigarette companies knew ,it. In the early 1950's the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) challenged a variety of health claims made for cigarettes in their advertising, including claims about tar and nicotine. In 1955 FTC published advertising guidelines that, among other things, prohibited claims by cigarette manufacturers that a particular brand of cigarettes was low in tar and nicotine or lower than other brands, when it had not been established by competent scientific proof that the claim was true and the difference was significant. Cigarette manufactures, however, continued to advertise tar numbers. In the absence of a standardized test methodology, this resulted in what is referred to as a "tar derby"-a multitude of inconsistent, noncomparable claims that did not give consumers a meaningful opportunity to assess the relative tar delivery of competing brands. The tar derby ended in 1960 when discussions with FTC culminated in an industry agreement to refrain from tar and nicotine advertising. In 1966, however, the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) prepared a technical report on "tar" and nicotine that concluded, "The preponderance of scientific evidence strongly suggests that the lower the 'tar' and nicotine content of cigarette smoke, the less harmful would be the effect." In reaching this conclusion, the report noted the clear relationship between dose of cigarette smoke received by the smoker and disease risk. Regardless of how dose was calculated-by number of cigarettes smoked per day, age of initiation, total number of years one smoked, or depth of inhalation, mortality rates among smokers increased. When smokers quit smoking, their risk was reduced in proportion to the length of time off cigarettes.
Book Synopsis The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U. S. Cigarettes by : Donald R. Shopland
Download or read book The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U. S. Cigarettes written by Donald R. Shopland and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997-07 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method for determining tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in U.S. cigarettes by the National Cancer Institute, with contributions from an expert panel of medical, legal and tobacco industry personnel. Focuses on the health effects of the components of cigarette smoke with discussions on consumer smoking patterns and perceptions of FTC labeling of tar and nicotine ratings. Examines the FTC testing parameters with recommendations for changes to those parameters and to labeling. Tables, graphs and references.
Book Synopsis The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes by : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Download or read book The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes written by National Cancer Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine by : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Download or read book Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine written by National Cancer Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine by :
Download or read book Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clearing the Smoke by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Clearing the Smoke written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-17 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims.
Download or read book Smoking written by Paul Slovic and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2001-05-23 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a counter-view, based on a survey of several thousand young persons and adults, probing attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and perceptions of risk associated with smoking. The authors agree that young smokers give little or no thought to health risks or the problems of addiction. The survey data contradicts the model of informed, rational choice and underscores the need for aggressive policies to counter tobacco firms' marketing and promotional efforts and to restrict youth access to tobacco.
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by :
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis The Accuracy of the FTC Tar and Nicotine Cigarette Rating System by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Download or read book The Accuracy of the FTC Tar and Nicotine Cigarette Rating System written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of the National Cancer Institute by :
Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Price V. Philip Morris, Inc written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine by : Department of Health & Human Services
Download or read book Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine written by Department of Health & Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph, Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine, is the 13th report published in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Smoking and Tobacco Control Program Monograph Series. One feature of this monograph is that it blends the old with the new. Monograph 7, The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes, covered the history of that protocol and recommended changes in its procedures. Chapter 2 of this publication cites this earlier monograph, brings us up to date on the FTC method, and provides additional suggestions as to what can be done to help alert the public to the dangers of smoking. The examination of the scientific literature on low-tar and low-nicotine cigarettes is not unique to this monograph. Several of the earlier volumes devoted one or more chapters to discussions of the various health aspects of tar and nicotine levels. However, this monograph includes more than just the study of amounts of tar and nicotine. Chapter 5 includes a discussion on the continued health risks to smokers, even those who smoke a low-tar/low-nicotine cigarette, while Chapter 2 describes how changes in the cigarette design affect an individual's smoking habit. Chapter 7 points out how the tobacco companies' advertisements have changed to match the emerging public preference for low-tar/low-nicotine cigarettes. This monograph is unique in another important aspect. For the first time, the authors who prepared the various chapters have had extensive access to the information gleaned from the internal documents of the tobacco companies. The tobacco industry files now open to the public and available on the Internet constitute some 33 million pages of formal and informal memos, meeting notes, research papers, and similar corporate documents. Included are marketing strategies that express the growing concern among the various tobacco companies of the potential loss of new recruits. This concern over the potential loss of market was due to the evolving public opinion that smoking is harmful to health and that it is related to many of the illnesses that smokers experience over the course of their lives. The singular message that has been delivered to the public—smoking causes cancer—is gradually being accepted by more and more people of all ages.
Download or read book Health Services Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulating Tobacco by : Robert L. Rabin
Download or read book Regulating Tobacco written by Robert L. Rabin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-10-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of lawsuits against the tobacco industry has had profound implications for American health policy, tort law, civil law, and welfare and social policy. Since the publication of Rabin and Sugarman's Smoking Policy, class action suits, FDA regulation, clean air legislation, health insurance reimbursement, and extensive advertising have brought tobacco to the forefront of national and public policy debates. This collection includes essays by eleven leading public health experts, economists, physicians, political scientists, and lawyers, whose activities encompass Congressional testimonies, Surgeon General's reports on youth smoking, and clinical trials for drugs for smoking cessation. They analyze specific strategies that have been used to influence tobacco use--including taxation, regulation of advertising and promotion, regulation of indoor smoking, control of youth access to cigarettes and other tobacco products, litigation, and subsidies of smoking cessation--and set them against the latest scientific findings about tobacco use and the changing cultural and political setting against which policy decisions are being made. In addition to Rabin and Sugarman, contributors include Frank Chaloupka, Peter Jacobson, Robert Kagan, Nancy Rigotti, John Slade, and Ken Warner.
Book Synopsis Price V. Philip Morris Incorporated by :
Download or read book Price V. Philip Morris Incorporated written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
