The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521432871
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent by : Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh

Download or read book The Feminine Principle in the Sikh Vision of the Transcendent written by Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-09-24 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a critical analysis of Sikh literature from a feminist perspective. It begins with Guru Nanak's vision of Transcendent Reality and concludes with the mystical journey of Rani Raj Kaur, the heroine of a modern Punjabi epic. The eight chapters of the book approach the Sikh vision of the Transcendent from historical, scriptural, symbolic, mythological, romantic, existential, ethical and mystical perspectives. Each of these discloses the centrality of the woman, and show convincingly that Sikh Gurus and poets did not want the feminine principle to serve merely as a figure of speech or literary device; it was intended rather to pervade the whole life of the Sikhs. The present work bolsters the claim that literary symbols should be translated into social and political realities, and in so doing puts a valuable feminist interpretation on a religious tradition which has remained relatively unexplored in scholarly literature.

The Birth of the Khalsa

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Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791482669
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis The Birth of the Khalsa by : Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh

Download or read book The Birth of the Khalsa written by Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A feminist reconsideration of Sikh identity, discussing its original egalitarianism and current hypermasculine quality, which is harmful to both men and women.

Sikhism

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857719629
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis Sikhism by : Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh

Download or read book Sikhism written by Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-22 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost from the moment, some five centuries ago, that their religion was founded in the Punjab by Guru Nanak, Sikhs have enjoyed a distinctive identity. This sense of difference, forged during Sikhism's fierce struggles with the Mughal Empire, is still symbolised by the 'Five Ks' ('panj kakar', in Punjabi), those articles of faith to which all baptised Sikhs subscribe: uncut hair bound in a turban; comb; special undergarment; iron bracelet and dagger (or kirpan) - the unique marks of the Sikh military fraternity (the word Sikh means 'disciple' in Punjabi). Yet for all its ongoing attachment to the religious symbols that have helped set it apart from neighbouring faiths in South Asia, Sikhism amounts to far more than just signs or externals. Now the world's fifth largest religion, with a significant diaspora especially in Britain and North America, this remarkable monotheistic tradition commands the allegiance of 25 million people, and is a global phenomenon. In her balanced appraisal, Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh reviews the history, theology and worship of a community poised between reconciling its hereditary creeds and certainties with the fast-paced pressures of modernity. She outlines and explains the core Sikh beliefs, and explores the writings and teachings of the Ten Sikh Gurus in Sikhism's Holy Scriptures, the Sri Guru Granth Sahib (more usually called just the 'Granth'). Further chapters explore Sikh ethics, art and architecture, and matters of gender and the place of women in the tradition. The book attractively combines the warm empathy of a Sikh with the objective insights and acute perspectives of a prominent scholar of religion.

Sikhism

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780816057269
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis Sikhism by : Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh

Download or read book Sikhism written by Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the origin of Sikhism as an attempt to reconcile the beliefs of Muslims and Hindus, the conflicts it has faced over the centuries, and recent developments.

International Bibliography of Sikh Studies

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402030444
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis International Bibliography of Sikh Studies by : Rajwant Singh Chilana

Download or read book International Bibliography of Sikh Studies written by Rajwant Singh Chilana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Bibliography of Sikh Studies brings together all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, project reports, and electronic resources produced in the field of Sikh Studies until June 2004, making it the most complete and up-to-date reference work in the field today. One of the youngest religions of the world, Sikhism has progressively attracted attention on a global scale in recent decades. An increasing number of scholars is exploring the culture, history, politics, and religion of the Sikhs. The growing interest in Sikh Studies has resulted in an avalanche of literature, which is now for the first time brought together in the International Bibliography of Sikh Studies. This monumental work lists over 10,000 English-language publications under almost 30 subheadings, each representing a subfield in Sikh Studies. The Bibliography contains sections on a wide variety of subjects, such as Sikh gurus, Sikh philosophy, Sikh politics and Sikh religion. Furthermore, the encyclopedia presents an annotated survey of all major scholarly work on Sikhism, and a selective listing of electronic and web-based resources in the field. Author and subject indices are appended for the reader’s convenience.

Ineffability: An Exercise in Comparative Philosophy of Religion

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319641654
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Ineffability: An Exercise in Comparative Philosophy of Religion by : Timothy D. Knepper

Download or read book Ineffability: An Exercise in Comparative Philosophy of Religion written by Timothy D. Knepper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays is an exercise in comparative philosophy of religion that explores the different ways in which humans express the inexpressible. It brings together scholars of over a dozen religious, literary, and artistic traditions, as part of The Comparison Project's 2013-15 lecture and dialogue series on "religion beyond words." Specialist scholars first detailed the grammars of ineffability in nine different religious traditions as well as the adjacent fields of literature, poetry, music, and art. The Comparison Project's directors then compared this diverse set of phenomena, offering explanations for their patterning, and raising philosophical questions of truth and value about religious ineffability in comparative perspective. This book is the inaugural publication of The Comparison Project, an innovative new approach to the philosophy of religion housed at Drake University (Des Moines, Iowa, USA). The Comparison Project organizes a biennial series of scholar lectures, practitioner dialogues, and comparative panels about core, cross-cultural topics in the philosophy of religion. Specialist scholars of religion first explore this topic in their religions of expertise; comparativist philosophers of religion then raise questions of meaning, truth, and value about this topic in comparative perspective. The Comparison Project stands apart from traditional approaches to the philosophy of religion in its commitment to religious inclusivity. It is the future of the philosophy of religion in a diverse, global world.

Graceful Women

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Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572332140
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Graceful Women by : Constance Waeber Elsberg

Download or read book Graceful Women written by Constance Waeber Elsberg and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of religious movements were born in the United States in the 1970s as refugees from the counterculture sought new ways of living. In 1969 in Los Angeles, teacher Yogi Bhajan founded the Healthy Happy Holy Organization (3HO) and dedicated it to yoga and healthy living. Many members began to convert to Sikhism, Bhajan's faith, and soon the group numbered in the thousands. Graceful Women is the first look at the women who embraced this community as they sought meaning in their lives. Constance Waeber Elsberg follows members of an ashram over an extended period of time--from affiliation, through their first attempts to apply the teachings of 3HO to everyday life, through upheavals and doubts in the community, and finally, to mature formulations of their own purpose and identity. Both long-term and former members speak about the group and the process of adopting Sikhism and participating in such cultural practices as arranged marriages. In studying this group, Elsberg found women building individual and collective identities and using symbols, narratives, and metaphors to participate in a view of the world that stresses an essential unity beneath the conflicts of contemporary life. A regimen including yoga, meditation, and diet helped the women feel that they could control their responses to everyday stress and manage difficult decisions. A central focus of the book is the Sikh Dharma ideal of the "graceful woman" and the ways in which this concept both empowers and constrains women. Women are free to choose their degree of engagement in the public sphere: some build careers, some are active in the 3HO community, some dedicate their lives to their families. Work in community businesses allows many women to combine family and work lives. Curtailing this freedom of choice, however, is 3HO's teaching that women should also be gracious, undemanding, and willing to defer to those in authority. Elsberg places this movement in the context of other alternative religious organizations and provides a brief history of Sikhism, as well as reviewing events concerning Sikhs today. She explores the range of ways in which gender identities are created, transformed, and contested, particularly as a religion from one part of the world is adopted in a completely different country and culture. The Author: Constance Waeber Elsberg is professor of sociology and anthropology at Northern Virginia Community College.

Revisiting India's Partition

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Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498531059
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Revisiting India's Partition by : Amritjit Singh

Download or read book Revisiting India's Partition written by Amritjit Singh and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revisiting India’s Partition: New Essays on Memory, Culture, and Politics brings together scholars from across the globe to provide diverse perspectives on the continuing impact of the 1947 division of India on the eve of independence from the British Empire. The Partition caused a million deaths and displaced well over 10 million people. The trauma of brutal violence and displacement still haunts the survivors as well as their children and grandchildren. Nearly 70 years after this cataclysmic event, Revisiting India’s Partition explores the impact of the “Long Partition,” a concept developed by Vazira Zamindar to underscore the ongoing effects of the 1947 Partition upon all South Asian nations. In our collection, we extend and expand Zamindar’s notion of the Long Partition to examine the cultural, political, economic, and psychological impact the Partition continues to have on communities throughout the South Asian diaspora. The nineteen interdisciplinary essays in this book provide a multi-vocal, multi-focal, transnational commentary on the Partition in relation to motifs, communities, and regions in South Asia that have received scant attention in previous scholarship. In their individual essays, contributors offer new engagements on South Asia in relation to several topics, including decolonization and post-colony, economic development and nation-building, cross-border skirmishes and terrorism, and nationalism. This book is dedicated to covering areas beyond Punjab and Bengal and includes analyses of how Sindh and Kashmir, Hyderabad, and more broadly South India, the Northeast, and Burma call for special attention in coming to terms with memory, culture and politics surrounding the Partition.

Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions [2 volumes]

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440848505
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions [2 volumes] by : Susan de-Gaia

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions [2 volumes] written by Susan de-Gaia and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference offers reliable knowledge about women's diverse faith practices throughout history and prehistory, and across cultures. Across the span of human history, women have participated in world-building and life-sustaining cultural creativity, making enormous contributions to religion and spirituality. In the contemporary period, women have achieved greater equality, with more educational opportunities, female role models in public life, and opportunities for religious expression than ever before. Contemporaneously with this increased visibility, women are actively and energetically engaging with religion for themselves and for their communities. Drawing on the expertise of a range of scholars, this reference chronicles the religious experiences of women across time and cultures. The book includes sections on major religions as well as on spirituality, African religions, prehistoric religions, and other broad topics. Each section begins with an introduction, followed by reference entries on specialized subjects along with excerpts from primary source documents. The entries provide numerous suggestions for further reading, and the book closes with a detailed bibliography.

Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195352777
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India by : Mandakranta Bose

Download or read book Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India written by Mandakranta Bose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-02-10 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a variety of scholarly studies in the idea, situation, and definition-including the self-definition-of women in India, from the earliest historical period up to the present day. Both in its range of topics and depth of research, this volume creates a sustained focus that is not presently available in the literature of women in India. Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India comprises 25 essays contributed by a diverse mix of Indian, Canadian, American, and British women scholars, most of whom have lived in South Asia either for all of their lives or for extended periods. Arranged chronologically, these groundbreaking essays set aside the myths and prejudices that often clutter discussions about women in India. Part I, which is dedicated to the ancient period, defines women's positions as depicted in the sacred law, considers subordinated women in major Hindu epics, describes women's roles in ritual and their understanding of religion, and examines the patriarchal organization of women's lives in Buddhism. Part II begins with an essay on Tantra, a major force in medieval India that influenced both Hinduism and Buddhism and placed women at the center of its sacred rites. Other essays in Part II look at the life and legends of a medieval woman saint poet, the portrayal of a Hindu goddess in medieval Bengal, and the role of women from Mughal harems in decision making. Part III describes the colonial perception of Indian women in the late nineteenth century and shows how women's self-perceptions have been expressed through their art and writing as well as through their political action in the twentieth century. Providing informed and balanced analysis of extensive primary source material, this book will be an essential resource for students of women's lives in India.

Exploring Gender and Sikh Traditions

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036511903
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Gender and Sikh Traditions by : Doris R. Jakobsh

Download or read book Exploring Gender and Sikh Traditions written by Doris R. Jakobsh and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers scholars who focus on gender through a variety of disciplines and approaches to Sikh Studies. The intersections of religion and gender are here explored, based on an understanding that both are socially constructed. Far from being static, as so often presented in world religions textbooks, religious traditions are constantly in flux, responding to historical, cultural and social contexts. So too is ‘the’ Sikh tradition in terms of practices, ideologies, rituals, and notions of identity. We here conclude that ‘a’ Sikh tradition does not exist; instead, there are numerous forms thereof. In this volume, Sikhism is presented as a collection of ‘Sikh traditions’. Gender studies—in line with women’s liberation, masculine and feminist studies have long examined and have long deconstructed the patriarchy, but also move to identify other subordinate-dominant relations between individuals. Indeed, there are numerous forms of discrimination and power structures that simultaneously create a multiplicity of oppression. Intersectionality has become the basis of an increasingly systematized production of contemporary discourses on feminism and gender analysis, as is evidenced by the varied contributions in this volume.

The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Philosophy and Gender

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Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1474269591
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Philosophy and Gender by : Veena R. Howard

Download or read book The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Philosophy and Gender written by Veena R. Howard and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'How do gender constructions transform religious experiences?' 'What is the role of bodily materiality in ethics and epistemology?' 'How does rethinking gender and sexuality force us to reconceptualise settled ontological frameworks?' This collection provides the first research resource to Indian philosophical gender issues, exploring a variety of texts and traditions from Indian philosophy where the treatment of gender is dynamic and diverse. Organised around three central themes - the gender dynamics of enlightenment in the Hindu and Buddhist traditions; the simple binary opposition of genders in Indian traditions; the ways in which symbolic representations of gender differ from social realities in Hindu and Buddhist practice – a team of respected scholars discuss feminist readings, examinations of femininity and masculinity, as well as queer and trans identities, representations, and theories. Beginning with the Vedic tradition and ending with sections on Sri Ramakrishna and Gandhi, this wide-ranging handbook encourages fresh inquiry into classic philosophical questions. Offering critical analyses relevant to literary, cultural and religious studies, The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Philosophy and Gender opens up new ways of understanding gender and South Asian philosophy.

Violence and Resistance in Sikh Gendered Identity

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000060268
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Violence and Resistance in Sikh Gendered Identity by : Jaspal Kaur Singh

Download or read book Violence and Resistance in Sikh Gendered Identity written by Jaspal Kaur Singh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the constructions and representations of male and female Sikhs in Indian and diasporic literature and culture through the consideration of the role of violence as constitutive of Sikh identity. How do Sikh men and women construct empowering identities within the Indian nation-state and in the diaspora? The book explores Indian literature and culture to understand the role of violence and the feminization of baptized and turbaned Sikh men, as well as identity formation of Sikh women who are either virtually erased from narratives, bodily eliminated through honor killings, or constructed and represented as invisible. It looks at the role of violence during critical junctures in Sikh history, including the Mughal rule, the British colonial period, the Partition of India, the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, and the terror of 9/11 in the United States. The author analyzes how violence reconstitutes gender roles and sexuality within various cultural and national spaces in India and the diaspora. She also highlights questions related to women’s agency and their negotiation of traumatic memories for empowering identities. The book will interest scholars, researchers, and students of postcolonial English literature, contemporary Indian literature, Sikh studies, diaspora studies, global studies, gender and sexuality studies, religious studies, history, sociology, media and films studies, cultural studies, popular culture, and South Asian studies.

Guru Nanak's Transcendent Aesthetics

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781009562539
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Guru Nanak's Transcendent Aesthetics by : Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh

Download or read book Guru Nanak's Transcendent Aesthetics written by Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the foremost exponents of the Sikh religion and of related Punjabi literature offers here a sustained exploration of the aesthetics of Sikhism's founder, understood as 'a symbiosis of his prophetic revelation, his poetic genius, and his pragmatic philosophy - embedded in his visceral expression of the transcendent One.' Drawing on a wide range of sources, Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh examines in full all the beauty, intimacy, and inclusive richness of Guru Nanak's remarkable literary art. Her subject's verses - written in simple vernacular Punjabi - are seen creatively to subvert conventional linguistic models while also inspiring social, psychological, environmental, and political change. These radical lyrics are now brought into fascinating conversation with contemporary artists, poets, and philosophers. Moving beyond conventional religious discourses and spaces of worship in its attempt to sketch a multisensory, publicly oriented reception of Sikh sacred verse, this expansive book opens up striking new imaginaries for 21st-century global society.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Religion

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1315443473
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Religion by : Hephzibah Israel

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Religion written by Hephzibah Israel and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-19 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Religion is the first to bring together an extensive interdisciplinary engagement with the multiple ways in which the concepts and practices of translation and religion intersect. The book engages a number of scholarly disciplines in conversation with each other, including the study of translation and interpreting, religion, philosophy, anthropology, history, art history, and area studies. A range of leading international specialists critically engage with changing understandings of the key categories ‘translation’ and ‘religion’ as discursive constructs, thus contributing to the development of a new field of academic study, translation and religion. The twenty-eight contributions, divided into six parts, analyze how translation constructs ideas, texts or objects as 'sacred' or for ‘religious purposes’, often in competition with what is categorized as ‘non-religious.’ The part played by faith communities is treated as integral to analyses of the role of translation in religion. It investigates how or why translation functions in re-constructing and transforming religion(s) and for whom and examines a range of ‘sacred texts’ in translation—from the written to the spoken, manuscript to print, paper to digital, architectural form to objects of sacred art, intersemiotic scriptural texts, and where commentary, exegesis and translation interweave. This Handbook is an indispensable scholarly resource for researchers in translation studies and the study of religions.

The A to Z of Sikhism

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Author :
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
ISBN 13 : 0810863448
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The A to Z of Sikhism by : W. H. McLeod

Download or read book The A to Z of Sikhism written by W. H. McLeod and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to popular opinion, there is more to Sikhism than the distinctive dress. First of all, there is the emergence of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, and the long line of his successors. There are the precepts, many related to liberation through the divine name or nam. There is a particularly turbulent history in which the Sikhs have fought to affirm their beliefs and resist external domination that continues to this day. There is also, more recently, the dispersion from the Punjab throughout the rest of India and on to Europe and the Americas. With this emigration Sikhism has become considerably less exotic, but hardly better known to outsiders. This reference is an excellent place to learn more about the religion. It provides a chronology of events, a brief introduction that gives a general overview of the religion, and a dictionary with several hundred entries, which present the gurus and other leaders, trace the rather complex history, expound some of the precepts and concepts, describe many of the rites and rituals, and explain the meaning of numerous related expressions. All this, along with a bibliography, provides readers with an informative and accessible guide toward understanding Sikhism.

Sikh Identity

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351900102
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Sikh Identity by : Opinderjit Kaur Takhar

Download or read book Sikh Identity written by Opinderjit Kaur Takhar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is commonly assumed that all Sikhs are the same, but the very existence of different groups who have varying beliefs and practices within the Sikh community shows that a corporate identity for the Sikh community is not possible and serves to alienate a substantial proportion of Sikhs from the overall fold of the Sikh faith. Introducing the beliefs and practices of a range of individual Sikh groups, this book addresses the issue of Sikh identity across the Sikh community as a whole but from the viewpoint of different types of Sikh. Examining the historical development of Sikhism from the period of Guru Nanak to the present day, the author takes an in-depth look at five groups in the Sikh community - the Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha; the Namdharis; the Ravidasis; the Valmikis; and the Sikh Dharma of the Western hemisphere (associated with the Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization - 3HO). Their history, beliefs and practices are explored, as well as their diverse and shared identities. Concluding that there is no authoritative yardstick with which to assess the issue of Sikh identity, the author highlights Sikhism's links to its Hindu past and suggests a federal Sikh identity with one or two fundamental beliefs at the core and individual groups left to express their own unique beliefs and practices.