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![Download The Ethics of Belief. [By William K. Clifford. A Paper Read Before the Metaphysical Society.] PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/_VZj-Hf9IHAC?fife=w200-h370)
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief. [By William K. Clifford. A Paper Read Before the Metaphysical Society.] written by and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rik Peels
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190608110
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Responsible Belief written by Rik Peels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What we believe and what we do not believe has a great impact on what we do and fail to do. Hence, if we want to act responsibly, we should believe responsibly. However, do we have the kind of control over our beliefs that such responsibility for our beliefs seems to require? Do we have certain obligations to control or influence our beliefs on particular occasions? And do we sometimes believe responsibly despite violating such obligations, namely because we are excused by, say, indoctrination or ignorance? By answering each of these questions, Rik Peels provides a theory of what it is to believe responsibly. He argues that we lack control over our beliefs, but that we can nonetheless influence our beliefs by performing actions that make a difference to what we believe. We have a wide variety of moral, prudential, and epistemic obligations to perform such belief-influencing actions. We can be held responsible for our beliefs in virtue of such influence on our beliefs. Sometimes, we believe responsibly despite having violated such obligations, namely if we are excused, by force, ignorance, or luck. A careful consideration of these excuses teaches us, respectively, that responsible belief entails that we could have failed to have that belief, that responsible belief is in a specific sense radically subjective, and that responsible belief is compatible with its being a matter of luck that we hold that belief.
Author : Timothy Madigan
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443802638
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)
Download or read book W. K. Clifford and "The Ethics of Belief" written by Timothy Madigan and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: W. K. Clifford (1845-1879) was a noted mathematician and popularizer of science in the Victorian era. Although he made major contributions in the field of geometry, he is perhaps best known for a short essay he wrote in 1876, entitled "The Ethics of Belief", in which he argued that "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for any one, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." Delivered initially as an address to the august Metaphysical Society (whose members included such luminaries as Alfred Lord Tennyson, William Gladstone, T. H. Huxley, and assorted scientists, clerics and philosophers of differing metaphysical views, "The Ethics of Belief" became a rallying cry for freethinkers and a bone of contention for religious apologists. It continues to be discussed today as an exemplar of what is called 'evidentialism', a key point in current philosophy of religion debates over justification of knowledge claims. In this book, Timothy J. Madigan examines the continuing relevance of "The Ethics of Belief" to epistemological and ethical concerns. He places the essay within the historical context, especially the so-called 'Victorian Crisis of Faith' of which Clifford was a key player. Clifford's own life and interests are dealt with as well, along with the responses to his essay by his contemporaries, the most famous of which was William James's "The Will to Believe." Madigan provides an overview of modern-day critics of Cliffordian evidentialism, as well as examining thinkers who were positively influenced by him, including Bertrand Russell, who was perhaps Clifford's most influential successor as an advocate of intellectual honesty. The book ends with a defense of "The Ethics of Belief" from a virtue-theory approach, and argues that Clifford utilizes an "as-if" methodology to encourage intellectual inquiry and communal truth-seeking.' The Ethics of Belief' continues to provoke and stimulate controversy, which was perhaps Clifford's own fondest hope, although he had no right to believe it would do so.
Author : William Kingdon Clifford
Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1615923454
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (159 download)
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief and Other Essays written by William Kingdon Clifford and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anythingupon insufficient evidence." -- W. K. CliffordThe above forthright assertion of mathematician and educator W. K. Clifford (1845-1879) in his famous essay "The Ethics of Belief" drew an immediate response from Victorian-era critics, who took issue with his reasoned and brilliantly presented attack on beliefs "not founded on fair inquiry." An advocate of evolutionary theory, Clifford recognized that working hypotheses and assumptions are necessary for belief formation and that testing and assessing one''s beliefs in light of new evidence strengthens those worthy of being held. "The Ethics of Belief" is presented here in complete form, along with an insightful biographical introduction by editor Timothy J. Madigan. Also included are four other noteworthy essays by Clifford: "On the Aims and Instruments of Scientific Thought," "Right and Wrong," "The Ethics of Religion," and "The Influence upon Morality of a Decline in Religious Belief."
Author : Jonathan E. Adler
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262261371
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Belief's Own Ethics written by Jonathan E. Adler and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental question of the ethics of belief is "What ought one to believe?" According to the traditional view of evidentialism, the strength of one's beliefs should be proportionate to the evidence. Conventional ways of defending and challenging evidentialism rely on the idea that what one ought to believe is a matter of what it is rational, prudent, ethical, or personally fulfilling to believe. Common to all these approaches is that they look outside of belief itself to determine what one ought to believe. In this book Jonathan Adler offers a strengthened version of evidentialism, arguing that the ethics of belief should be rooted in the concept of belief—that evidentialism is belief's own ethics. A key observation is that it is not merely that one ought not, but that one cannot, believe, for example, that the number of stars is even. The "cannot" represents a conceptual barrier, not just an inability. Therefore belief in defiance of one's evidence (or evidentialism) is impossible. Adler addresses such questions as irrational beliefs, reasonableness, control over beliefs, and whether justifying beliefs requires a foundation. Although he treats the ethics of belief as a central topic in epistemology, his ideas also bear on rationality, argument and pragmatics, philosophy of religion, ethics, and social cognitive psychology.
Author : Kenneth Cauthen
Publisher : CSS Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788018736
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief: Theory written by Kenneth Cauthen and published by CSS Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these two volumes, Kenneth Cauthen thoroughly examines what he terms "the ethics of belief." Simply stated, Cauthen posits that ethics are a matter of the convictions that individuals and communities have about what is right and wrong, good and evil. He contrasts this with a more traditional view that morality is based upon principles that are universally valid and objectively true. Using a biological and historical approach, in Volume 1 Cauthen systematically develops a theory of Christian ethics based on what love (agape) and justice mean in contemporary society. He examines the interface between our complex civilization and some of the radical demands of the New Testament. Cauthen's ultimate goal is for readers to ask themselves, "How would Christ have us live in the 21st century?" In Volume 2, Cauthen spells out the implications of this ethical theory for a wide variety of contemporary topics. He takes forthright and controversial positions on a number of social and personal issues, including abortion, illegal drugs, prostitution, assisted suicide, capital punishment, church and state relations, religion and politics, democracy, poverty, health care, wealth and income distribution, affirmative action, and homosexuality. The Ethics Of Belief is a thought-provoking work that delves deeply into some of our world's most timely yet timeless issues. A nationally recognized authority on theology and ethics, Kenneth Cauthen is the John Price Crozer Griffith Emeritus Professor of Theology at Colgate-Rochester Divinity School/Crozer Theological Seminary. He is the author of several seminal works that have become standard texts, such as The Impact of American Religious Liberalism, which was selected for a special White House library on American history and culture. His CSS publications include the groundbreaking volumes The Many Faces Of Evil and The Ethics Of Assisted Death. Cauthen received his education from Mercer University (B.A.), Yale Divinity School (B.Div.), Emory University (M.A.), and Vanderbilt University (Ph.D.).
Author : Scott Aikin
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1623560179
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (235 download)
Download or read book Evidentialism and the Will to Believe written by Scott Aikin and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work on the norms of belief in epistemology regularly starts with two touchstone essays: W.K. Clifford's "The Ethics of Belief" and William James's "The Will to Believe." Discussing the central themes from these seminal essays, Evidentialism and the Will to Believe explores the history of the ideas governing evidentialism. As well as Clifford's argument from the examples of the shipowner, the consequences of credulity and his defence against skepticism, this book tackles James's conditions for a genuine option and the structure of the will to believe case as a counter-example to Clifford's evidentialism. Exploring the question of whether James's case successfully counters Clifford's evidentialist rule for belief, this study captures the debate between those who hold that one should proportion belief to evidence and those who hold that the evidentialist norm is too restrictive. More than a sustained explication of the essays, it also surveys recent epistemological arguments to evidentialism. But it is by bringing Clifford and James into fruitful conversation for the first time that this study presents a clearer history of the issues and provides an important reconstruction of the notion of evidence in contemporary epistemology.
Author : Nathan D. Shannon
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 149820225X
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (982 download)
Download or read book Shalom and the Ethics of Belief written by Nathan D. Shannon and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the individualism and abstractionism of standard modern accounts of justification and epistemic merit, Wolterstorff incorporates the ethics of belief within the full scope of a person's socio-moral accountability, an accountability that ultimately flows from the teleology of the world as intended by its creator and from the inherent value of humans as bearers of the divine image. This study explores Nicholas Wolterstorff's theory of "situated rationality" from a theological point of view and argues that it is in fact a doxastic ethic based upon the theology of Wolterstorff's neo-Calvinist, Kuyperian background, which emerges in terms of his biblical ethic and eschatology of shalom. Situated rationality, the sum of Wolterstorff's decades-long work on epistemology and rationality is a shalom doxastic ethic--a Christian, common grace ethic of doxastic (even religious doxastic) pluralism.
Author : Miriam Schleifer McCormick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136682686
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)
Download or read book Believing Against the Evidence written by Miriam Schleifer McCormick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether it is ever permissible to believe on insufficient evidence has once again become a live question. Greater attention is now being paid to practical dimensions of belief, namely issues related to epistemic virtue, doxastic responsibility, and voluntarism. In this book, McCormick argues that the standards used to evaluate beliefs are not isolated from other evaluative domains. The ultimate criteria for assessing beliefs are the same as those for assessing action because beliefs and actions are both products of agency. Two important implications of this thesis, both of which deviate from the dominant view in contemporary philosophy, are 1) it can be permissible (and possible) to believe for non-evidential reasons, and 2) we have a robust control over many of our beliefs, a control sufficient to ground attributions of responsibility for belief.
Author : Kenneth Cauthen
Publisher : CSS Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788018841
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief: Application written by Kenneth Cauthen and published by CSS Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 systematically develops a theory of Christian ethics, examining the tension between our complex civilization and the radical demands of the New Testament. Volume 2 spells out the implications of this ethical theory, and Cauthen takes forthright and controversial positions on a wide variety of contemporary topics.
Author : Nathan D Shannon
Publisher : James Clarke & Company
ISBN 13 : 0227905202
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (279 download)
Download or read book Shalom and the Ethics of Belief written by Nathan D Shannon and published by James Clarke & Company. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shalom and the Ethics of Belief explores Nicholas Wolterstorff's theory of situated rationality from a theological point of view and develops a doxastic, or belief-based, ethic based upon the theology of Wolterstorff's neo-Calvinist, Kuyperian background, which emerges in terms of his biblical ethic and eschatology of shalom. Two epistemological aspects are discussed in Nathan D. Shannon's account of Wolterstorff's philosophical writings: the picture of the belief-forming self present in the work of Thomas Reid, and the connection between belief and obligation. Situated rationality, the sum of Wolterstorff's decades-long work on epistemology and rationality, is argued to be a shalom doxastic ethic-a Christian, common grace ethic of belief pluralism. Wolterstorff incorporates the ethics of belief within the full scope of a person's socio-moral accountability, an accountability that ultimately flows from the teleology of the world as intended by its creator and from the inherent value of humans as bearers of the divine image. Shannon's treatment of belief as grounded in the eschatological, ethical vision of shalom provides a comprehensive and novel account of how Wolterstoroff's Christianity informed and influenced his philosophical writings.
Author : Jonathan Matheson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019151005X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief written by Jonathan Matheson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do people form beliefs, and how should they do so? This book presents seventeen new essays on these questions, drawing together perspectives from philosophy and psychology. The first section explores the ethics of belief from an individualistic framework. It begins by examining the question of doxastic voluntarism-i.e., the extent to which people have control over their beliefs. It then shifts to focusing on the kinds of character that epistemic agents should cultivate, what their epistemic ends ought to be, and the way in which these issues are related to other traditional questions in epistemology. The section concludes by examining questions of epistemic value, of whether knowledge is in some sense primary, and of whether the ethics of belief falls within the domain of epistemology or ethics. The second section extends this traditional debate to issues concerning the social dimensions of belief formation. It begins with essays by social psychologists discussing the past three decades of research in 'lay epistemics'. It continues by examining Humean, Kantian, and feminist insights into the social aspects of belief formation, as well as questions concerning the ethics of assertion. The section concludes with a series of essays examining a topic that is currently of great interest to epistemologists: namely, the significance of peer disagreement.
Author : Gerald D. McCarthy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief Debate written by Gerald D. McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays, which outline the debates between James and Newman, Stephen and Sidgwick, et. al.
Author : M.G. Forrester
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401599947
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Moral Beliefs and Moral Theory written by M.G. Forrester and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some time ago I wrote a book (Moral Language, 1982) in which I argued that moral judgments are capable of being true ('truth-apt,' to use a current phrase, or descriptive and having truth-value, to use a more traditional term), that the methods of discovering moral facts are fundamentally similar to those of discovering non-moral facts, and that moral judgments may be true. What I did not do at that time was to develop a moral theory which would demonstrate how the method of discovering moral truths would work and what the criteria of truth actually are. In a later work (Persons, Animals, and Fetuses, 1996) I did propose a moral theory as to what the criteria for moral truth are; however, I presented it primarily as an introduction to the discussion of several practical ethical issues and did not argue fully for that theory. It is high time that I did so, because without showing that such a theory can be developed my defense of moral realism is incomplete. It is all very well to say that we can discover what moral beliefs are true, but unless we can demonstrate just which beliefs are true, the thesis that we can discover this truth cannot be fully defended. For this reason the biggest (although not the only) challenge to showing that ethical objectivity is possible is the presence of moral disagreement - and the contention of many that such disagreement cannot be definitively resolved.
Author : John Arthur Passmore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Locke and the Ethics of Belief written by John Arthur Passmore and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190221836
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Rational Belief written by Robert Audi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belief : its structure, content, and relation to the will -- Dispositional beliefs and dispositions to believe -- Doxastic voluntarism and the ethics of belief -- Belief : a study in form, content, and justification -- Normativity and virtue in epistemology -- Moral perception and moral knowledge -- Reliability as a virtue -- Knowledge, justification, and the normativity of epistemology -- Epistemological internalism and grounds of justification and knowledge -- An internalist theory of normative grounds -- Theoretical rationality : its sources, structure, and scope -- Doxastic innocence : phenomenal conservatism and epistemological common sense -- Skepticism about the a priori : self-evidence, defeasibility, and cogito propositions -- Social epistemology -- The place of testimony in the fabric of knowledge and justification -- Testimony as a social foundation of knowledge -- The ethics of belief and the morality of disagreement : intellectual responsibility and rational disagreement.
Author : Peter Byrne
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780312219994
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (199 download)
Download or read book The Philosophical and Theological Foundations of Ethics written by Peter Byrne and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1999 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the central issues of moral philosophy with a view to giving an account of the relation between religious belief and ethics. It examines the definition of morality and defends the idea that there is something called moral knowledge which all human beings possess. It grounds moral knowledge in conscience as rooted in our experience of making choices and of the moral structure of human relationships. It examines the moral structure of human action. Central chapters are devoted to the three major forms of moral theory current in contemporary philosophy. Each theory is related to a morally relevant facet of action. A virtues-based theory of the good and the right is defended as giving the best overall account of the structure of moral knowledge. Two chapters apply this theory to the intellectual problems of secular and religious ethics respectively. This second edition includes a new chapter on feminist moral theory, together with a new preface and bibliography.
