The Epistemological Skyhook

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The Epistemological Skyhook

Author : Jim Slagle
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317230078
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemological Skyhook by : Jim Slagle

Download or read book The Epistemological Skyhook written by Jim Slagle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout philosophical history, there has been a recurring argument to the effect that determinism, naturalism, or both are self-referentially incoherent. By accepting determinism or naturalism, one allegedly acquires a reason to reject determinism or naturalism. The Epistemological Skyhook brings together, for the first time, the principal expressions of this argument, focusing primarily on the last 150 years. This book addresses the versions of this argument as presented by Arthur Lovejoy, A.E. Taylor, Kurt Gödel, C.S. Lewis, Norman Malcolm, Karl Popper, J.R. Lucas, William Hasker, Thomas Nagel, Alvin Plantinga, and others, along with the objections presented by their many detractors. It concludes by presenting a new version of the argument that synthesizes the best aspects of the others while also rendering the argument immune to some of the most significant objections made to it.

The Epistemological Skyhook

Author : Jim Slagle
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317230086
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemological Skyhook by : Jim Slagle

Download or read book The Epistemological Skyhook written by Jim Slagle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout philosophical history, there has been a recurring argument to the effect that determinism, naturalism, or both are self-referentially incoherent. By accepting determinism or naturalism, one allegedly acquires a reason to reject determinism or naturalism. The Epistemological Skyhook brings together, for the first time, the principal expressions of this argument, focusing primarily on the last 150 years. This book addresses the versions of this argument as presented by Arthur Lovejoy, A.E. Taylor, Kurt Gödel, C.S. Lewis, Norman Malcolm, Karl Popper, J.R. Lucas, William Hasker, Thomas Nagel, Alvin Plantinga, and others, along with the objections presented by their many detractors. It concludes by presenting a new version of the argument that synthesizes the best aspects of the others while also rendering the argument immune to some of the most significant objections made to it.

The Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism

Author : Jim Slagle
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350173134
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism by : Jim Slagle

Download or read book The Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism written by Jim Slagle and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary discussions in metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of mind are dominated by the presupposition of naturalism. Arguing against this established convention, Jim Slagle offers a thorough defence of Alvin Plantinga's Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism (EAAN) and in doing so, reveals how it shows that evolution and naturalism are incompatible. Charting the development of Plantinga's argument, Slagle asserts that the probability of our cognitive faculties reliably producing true beliefs is low if ontological naturalism is true, and therefore all other beliefs produced by these faculties, including naturalism itself, are self-defeating. He critiques other well-known epistemological approaches, including those of Descartes and Quine, and deftly counters the many objections against the EAAN to conclude that metaphysical naturalism should be rejected on the grounds of self-defeat. By situating Plantinga's argument within a wider context and showing that science and evolution cannot entail naturalism, Slagle renders this most common metaphysical view irrational. As such, the book advocates an important reconsideration of contemporary thought at the intersection of philosophy, science and religion.

Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith

Author : Paul Herrick
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268202672
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith by : Paul Herrick

Download or read book Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith written by Paul Herrick and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clear, readable introduction to philosophy presents a traditional theistic view of the existence of God. There are many fine introductions to philosophy, but few are written for students of faith by a teacher who is sensitive to the intellectual challenges they face studying in an environment that is often hostile to religious belief. Many introductory texts present short, easy-to-refute synopses of the traditional arguments for God’s existence, the soul, free will, and objective moral value rooted in God’s nature, usually followed by strong objections stated as if they are the last word. This formula may make philosophy easier to digest, but it gives many students the impression that there are no longer any good reasons to accept the beliefs just mentioned. Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith is written for philosophy instructors who want their students to take a deeper look at the classic theistic arguments and who believe that many traditional views can be rigorously defended against the strongest objections. The book is divided into four sections, focusing on philosophy of religion, an introduction to epistemology, philosophy of the human person, and philosophical ethics. The text challenges naturalism, the predominant outlook in the academic world today, while postmodernist relativism and skepticism are also examined and rejected. Students of faith—and students without faith—will deepen their worldviews by thoughtfully examining the philosophical arguments that are presented in this book. Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith will appeal to Christian teachers, analytic theists, home educators, and general readers interested in the classic arguments supporting a theistic worldview.

Learning from Our Mistakes

Author : William J. Talbott
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197567673
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning from Our Mistakes by : William J. Talbott

Download or read book Learning from Our Mistakes written by William J. Talbott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Learning from Our Mistakes: Epistemology for the Real World, William J. Talbott provides a new framework for understanding the history of Western epistemology and uses it to propose a new way of understanding rational belief that can be applied to pressing social and political issues. Talbott's new model of rational belief is not a model of a theorem prover in mathematics It is a model of a good learner. Being a good learner requires sensitivity to clues, the imaginative ability to generate alternative explanatory narratives that fit the clues, and the ability to select the most coherent explanatory narrative. Sensitivity to clues requires sensitivity not only to evidence that supports one's own beliefs, but also to evidence that casts doubt on them. One of the most important characteristics of a good learner is the ability to correct mistakes. From this model, Talbott articulates nine principles that help to explain the difference between rational and irrational belief. Talbott contrasts his approach with the approach of historically important philosophers, including Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Wittgenstein, and Kuhn, as well as with a range of contemporary approaches, including pragmatism, Bayesianism, and naturalism. On the basis of his model of rational belief, Talbott articulates a new theory of prejudice, which he uses to help diagnose the sources of inequity in the U.S. criminal justice system, as well as to provide insight into the proliferation of tribal and fascist epistemologies based on alt-facts and alt-truth. Learning from Our Mistakes offers a new lens through which to interpret the history of Western epistemology and analyze the complicated social and political phenomena facing us today.

Time and the Philosophy of Action

Author : Roman Altshuler
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317819470
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Time and the Philosophy of Action by : Roman Altshuler

Download or read book Time and the Philosophy of Action written by Roman Altshuler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although scholarship in philosophy of action has grown in recent years, there has been little work explicitly dealing with the role of time in agency, a role with great significance for the study of action. As the articles in this collection demonstrate, virtually every fundamental issue in the philosophy of action involves considerations of time. The four sections of this volume address the metaphysics of action, diachronic practical rationality, the relation between deliberation and action, and the phenomenology of agency, providing an overview of the central developments in each area with an emphasis on the role of temporality. Including contributions by established, rising, and new voices in the field, Time and the Philosophy of Action brings analytic work in philosophy of action together with contributions from continental philosophy and cognitive science to elaborate the central thesis that agency not only develops in time but is shaped by it at every level.

The Metaphysics of Pragmatism

Author : Sidney Hook
Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1605203602
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metaphysics of Pragmatism by : Sidney Hook

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Pragmatism written by Sidney Hook and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered by some the most controversial American philosopher of contemporary times, SIDNEY HOOK (1902-1989) was infamous for the wild swing in his political thought over the course of his career, starting out as a young Marxist before the Great Depression and ending up a vehement anti-Communist in his later years. The Metaphysics of Pragmatism-Hook's first work, originally published in 1927-is something of a malicious joke on the philosopher's part, one he readily acknowledges in his introduction, a bringing together of one discipline, that of metaphysics, with the one generally regarded as its polar opposite, that of pragmatism, for the purposes of rescuing the second. Though not a political work at all-except, possibly, one of academic politics-this is nevertheless a fascinating introduction to this notorious figure. In its expression of the author's "passionate moral interest in the creative power... of human thinking," it may, perhaps, begin to lend some understanding to the shifts in his own thinking that characterized his work.

McTaggart’s Paradox

Author : R.D. Ingthorsson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317195817
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis McTaggart’s Paradox by : R.D. Ingthorsson

Download or read book McTaggart’s Paradox written by R.D. Ingthorsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: McTaggart’s argument for the unreality of time, first published in 1908, set the agenda for 20th-century philosophy of time. Yet there is very little agreement on what it actually says—nobody agrees with the conclusion, but still everybody finds something important in it. This book presents the first critical overview of the last century of debate on what is popularly called "McTaggart’s Paradox". Scholars have long assumed that McTaggart’s argument stands alone and does not rely on any contentious ontological principles. The author demonstrates that these assumptions are incorrect—McTaggart himself explicitly claimed his argument to be dependent on the ontological principles that form the basis of his idealist metaphysics. The result is that scholars have proceeded to understand the argument on the basis of their own metaphysical assumptions, duly arriving at very different interpretations. This book offers an alternative reading of McTaggart’s argument, and at the same time explains why other commentators arrive at their mutually incompatible interpretations. It will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in the philosophy of time and other areas of contemporary metaphysics.

Perspectives on Ignorance from Moral and Social Philosophy

Author : Rik Peels
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317369556
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Ignorance from Moral and Social Philosophy by : Rik Peels

Download or read book Perspectives on Ignorance from Moral and Social Philosophy written by Rik Peels and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection focuses on the moral and social dimensions of ignorance—an undertheorized category in analytic philosophy. Contributors address such issues as the relation between ignorance and deception, ignorance as a moral excuse, ignorance as a legal excuse, and the relation between ignorance and moral character. In the moral realm, ignorance is sometimes considered as an excuse; some specific kind of ignorance seems to be implied by a moral character; and ignorance is closely related to moral risk. Ignorance has certain social dimensions as well: it has been claimed to be the engine of science; it seems to be entailed by privacy and secrecy; and it is widely thought to constitute a legal excuse in certain circumstances. Together, these contributions provide a sustained inquiry into the nature of ignorance and the pivotal role it plays in the moral and social domains.

Self-Reflection for the Opaque Mind

Author : T. Parent
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317210956
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Reflection for the Opaque Mind by : T. Parent

Download or read book Self-Reflection for the Opaque Mind written by T. Parent and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume attempts to solve a grave problem about critical self-reflection. The worry is that we critical thinkers are all in "epistemic bad faith" in light of what psychology tells us. After all, the research shows not merely that we are bad at detecting "ego-threatening" thoughts à la Freud. It also indicates that we are ignorant of even our ordinary thoughts—e.g., reasons for our moral judgments of others (Haidt 2001), and even mundane reasons for buying one pair of stockings over another! (Nisbett & Wilson 1977) However, reflection on one’s thoughts requires knowing what those thoughts are in the first place. So if ignorance is the norm, why attempt self-reflection? The activity would just display naivety about psychology. Yet while respecting all the data, this book argues that, remarkably, we are sometimes infallible in our self-discerning judgments. Even so, infallibility does not imply indubitability, and there is no Cartesian ambition to provide a "foundation" for empirical knowledge. The point is rather to explain how self-reflection as a rational activity is possible.

Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives on Downward Causation

Author : Michele Paolini Paoletti
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317271432
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives on Downward Causation by : Michele Paolini Paoletti

Download or read book Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives on Downward Causation written by Michele Paolini Paoletti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Downward causation plays a fundamental role in many theories of metaphysics and philosophy of mind. It is strictly connected with many topics in philosophy, including but not limited to: emergence, mental causation, the nature of causation, the nature of causal powers and dispositions, laws of nature, and the possibility of ontological and epistemic reductions. Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives on Downward Causation brings together experts from different fields—including William Bechtel, Stewart Clark and Tom Lancaster, Carl Gillett, John Heil, Robin F. Hendry, Max Kistler, Stephen Mumford and Rani Lill Anjum —who delve into classic and unexplored lines of philosophical inquiry related to downward causation. It critically assesses the possibility of downward causation given different ontological assumptions and explores the connection between downward causation and the metaphysics of causation and dispositions. Finally, it presents different cases of downward causation in empirical fields such as physics, chemistry, biology and the neurosciences. This volume is both a useful introduction and a collection of original contributions on this fascinating and hotly debated philosophical topic.

Love, Reason and Morality

Author : Katrien Schaubroeck
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317376544
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Love, Reason and Morality by : Katrien Schaubroeck

Download or read book Love, Reason and Morality written by Katrien Schaubroeck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together new essays that explore the connection between love and reasons. The observation that considerations of love carry significant weight in the deliberative process opens up new perspectives in the classic discussion about practical reasons, and gives rise to many interesting questions about the nature of love’s reasons, about their source and legitimacy, about their relation to moral and epistemic reasons, and about the extent to which love is sensitive to reasons. The contributors to this volume orient questions related to love within the broader context of the contemporary discussion on practical reasons, and move forward the conversation about the normative dimensions of love. Love, Reason and Morality will be of interest to philosophers working on issues of normativity, meta-ethics and moral psychology, and especially those interested in the source of practical reasons and the role of attachments in practical deliberation.

Aesthetic Disinterestedness

Author : Thomas Hilgers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317444884
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Aesthetic Disinterestedness by : Thomas Hilgers

Download or read book Aesthetic Disinterestedness written by Thomas Hilgers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of disinterestedness is often conceived of as antiquated or ideological. In spite of this, Hilgers argues that one cannot reject it if one wishes to understand the nature of art. He claims that an artwork typically asks a person to adopt a disinterested attitude towards what it shows, and that the effect of such an adoption is that it makes the person temporarily lose the sense of herself, while enabling her to gain a sense of the other. Due to an artwork’s particular wealth, multiperspectivity, and dialecticity, the engagement with it cannot culminate in the construction of world-views, but must initiate a process of self-critical thinking, which is a precondition of real self-determination. Ultimately, then, the aesthetic experience of art consists of a dynamic process of losing the sense of oneself, while gaining a sense of the other, and of achieving selfhood. In his book, Hilgers spells out the nature of this process by means of rethinking Kant’s and Schopenhauer’s aesthetic theories in light of more recent developments in philosophy–specifically in hermeneutics, critical theory, and analytic philosophy–and within the arts themselves–specifically within film and performance art.

Facts and Values

Author : Giancarlo Marchetti
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317354680
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts and Values by : Giancarlo Marchetti

Download or read book Facts and Values written by Giancarlo Marchetti and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection offers a synoptic view of current philosophical debates concerning the relationship between facts and values, bringing together a wide spectrum of contributors committed to testing the validity of this dichotomy, exploring alternatives, and assessing their implications. The assumption that facts and values inhabit distinct, unbridgeable conceptual and experiential domains has long dominated scientific and philosophical discourse, but this separation has been seriously called into question from a number of corners. The original essays here collected offer a diversity of responses to fact-value dichotomy, including contributions from Hilary Putnam and Ruth Anna Putnam who are rightly credited with revitalizing philosophical interest in this alleged opposition. Both they, and many of our contributors, are in agreement that the relationship between epistemic developments and evaluative attitudes cannot be framed as a conflict between descriptive and normative understanding. Each chapter demonstrates how and why contrapositions between science and ethics, between facts and values, and between objective and subjective are false dichotomies. Values cannot simply be separated from reason. Facts and Values will therefore prove essential reading for analytic and continental philosophers alike, for theorists of ethics and meta-ethics, and for philosophers of economics and law.

Reflective Equilibrium and the Principles of Logical Analysis

Author : Jaroslav Peregrin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315453916
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Reflective Equilibrium and the Principles of Logical Analysis by : Jaroslav Peregrin

Download or read book Reflective Equilibrium and the Principles of Logical Analysis written by Jaroslav Peregrin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive account of logic that addresses fundamental issues concerning the nature and foundations of the discipline. The authors claim that these foundations can not only be established without the need for strong metaphysical assumptions, but also without hypostasizing logical forms as specific entities. They present a systematic argument that the primary subject matter of logic is our linguistic interaction rather than our private reasoning and it is thus misleading to see logic as revealing "the laws of thought". In this sense, fundamental logical laws are implicit to our "language games" and are thus more similar to social norms than to the laws of nature. Peregrin and Svoboda also show that logical theories, despite the fact that they rely on rules implicit to our actual linguistic practice, firm up these rules and make them explicit. By carefully scrutinizing the project of logical analysis, the authors demonstrate that logical rules can be best seen as products of the so called reflective equilibrium. They suggest that we can profit from viewing languages as "inferential landscapes" and logicians as "geographers" who map them and try to pave safe routes through them. This book is an essential resource for scholars and researchers engaged with the foundations of logical theories and the philosophy of language.

The Social Contexts of Intellectual Virtue

Author : Adam Green
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1315302586
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Contexts of Intellectual Virtue by : Adam Green

Download or read book The Social Contexts of Intellectual Virtue written by Adam Green and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reconceives virtue epistemology in light of the conviction that we are essentially social creatures. Virtue is normally thought of as something that allows individuals to accomplish things on their own. Although contemporary ethics is increasingly making room for an inherently social dimension in moral agency, intellectual virtues continue to be seen in terms of the computing potential of a brain taken by itself. Thinking in these terms, however, seriously misconstrues the way in which our individual flourishing hinges on our collective flourishing. Green’s account of virtue epistemology is based on the extended credit view, which conceives of knowledge as an achievement and broadens that focus to include team achievements in addition to individual ones. He argues that this view does a better job than alternatives of answering the many conceptual and empirical challenges for virtue epistemology that have been based on cases of testimony. The view also allows for a nuanced interaction with situationist psychology, dual processing models in cognitive science, and the extended mind literature in philosophy of mind. This framework provides a useful conceptual bridge between individual and group epistemology, and it has novel applications to the epistemology of disagreement, prejudice, and authority.

Atheism?

Author : Stephen E. Parrish
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1532672667
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (326 download)

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Book Synopsis Atheism? by : Stephen E. Parrish

Download or read book Atheism? written by Stephen E. Parrish and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does atheism have a monopoly on reason and science? Many think so—or simply assume so. Atheism? challenges the many hidden assumptions that have led to the popular belief that atheism is the “default” position for explaining reality. Delving into the most basic and fundamental questions of existence, this thought-provoking book explains that atheism does not and cannot provide a secure foundation for thought and life. Specifically, it demonstrates that atheistic theories cannot explain the existence of an ordered universe, the conundrums of consciousness and knowledge, or why there is morality or beauty. Rather than being the result of reason, atheism is shown to be, in effect, a revolt against reason. If you enjoy pondering the most basic issues that confront us in our world today, then Atheism? is the book for you.