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The Efficacy Of Dexedrine For The Sustainment Of Helicopter Pilot Performance During 64 Hours Of Continuous Wakefulness
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Book Synopsis The Efficacy of Dexedrine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance During 64 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness by : John A. Caldwell
Download or read book The Efficacy of Dexedrine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance During 64 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness written by John A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1998-10-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this investigation was to establish the efficacy of Dexedrine for sustaining aviator performance despite 64-hours of extended wakefulness. Although earlier flight studies yielded favorable results with no significant side effects, they were restricted to sleep-deprivation periods of only 40 hours. Due to requirements for longer periods of sustained wakefulness, it was necessary to study the efficacy of Dexedrine for maintaining aviator performance during 3 days and 2 nights without sleep. To accomplish this, computerized evaluations of aviator flight skills were conducted at regular intervals as subjects completed standardized flights in a UH-60 helicopter simulator, both: under Dexedrine and placebo. Laboratory-based assessments of cognitive, psychological, and central nervous system status were completed as well. Dexedrine (10 mg.) was given prophylactically (prior to signs of fatigue) at midnight, 0400, and 0800 on both deprivation days in one cycle, and placebo was given on both days in the other. Results indicated simulator flight performance was maintained by Dexedrine for up to 58 hours, while performance under placebo rapidly deteriorated. The drug was most beneficial
Book Synopsis The Efficacy of Dexedrine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance During 64 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness by : John A. Caldwell
Download or read book The Efficacy of Dexedrine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance During 64 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness written by John A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this investigation was to establish the efficacy of Dexedrine for sustaining aviator performance despite 64-hours of extended wakefulness. Although earlier flight studies yielded favorable results with no significant side effects, they were restricted to sleep-deprivation periods of only 40 hours. Due to requirements for longer periods of sustained wakefulness, it was necessary to study the efficacy of Dexedrine for maintaining aviator performance during 3 days and 2 nights without sleep. To accomplish this, computerized evaluations of aviator flight skills were conducted at regular intervals as subjects completed standardized flights in a UH-60 helicopter simulator, both: under Dexedrine and placebo. Laboratory-based assessments of cognitive, psychological, and central nervous system status were completed as well. Dexedrine (10 mg.) was given prophylactically (prior to signs of fatigue) at midnight, 0400, and 0800 on both deprivation days in one cycle, and placebo was given on both days in the other. Results indicated simulator flight performance was maintained by Dexedrine for up to 58 hours, while performance under placebo rapidly deteriorated. The drug was most beneficial.
Book Synopsis An In-Flight Investigation of the Efficacy of Dextroamphetamine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance by : John A. Caldwell
Download or read book An In-Flight Investigation of the Efficacy of Dextroamphetamine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance written by John A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current battlefield doctrine indicates that Army aviators must be prepared to engage in sustained operations against enemy forces. Fighting around the clock creates a tactical advantage because of the continuous strain that is placed upon enemy forces. However, this strategy can backfire if there are insufficient U.S. personnel to adequately staff the day and night shifts with well-rested crews. Fatigue produces slow and inaccurate performance, errors of omission, and deteriorations in mood and motivation. In some situations where adequate sleep is not possible, the administration of stimulants is the only effective countermeasure for sleep loss. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of prophylactic Dexedrine administration for maintenance flight performance in sleep deprived helicopter pilots. Ten UH-60 pilots were exposed to two 40-hour periods of continuous wakefulness in 1 week of testing. During both periods, subjects completed flight in a specially-instrumented UH-60 helicopter, as well as electroencephalographic, cognitive, and mood tests. During one of the deprivation periods, the subjects were administered a 10-mg dose of Dexedrine
Book Synopsis An In-flight Investigation of the Efficacy of Dextroamphetamine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance by : John A. Caldwell
Download or read book An In-flight Investigation of the Efficacy of Dextroamphetamine for the Sustainment of Helicopter Pilot Performance written by John A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Dextroamphetamine on Helicopter Pilot Performance: A UH-60 Simulator Study by :
Download or read book Effects of Dextroamphetamine on Helicopter Pilot Performance: A UH-60 Simulator Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine the efficacy and safety of using Dexedrine to sustain aviator performance during periods of sleep deprivation, a placebo-controlled study was conducted. Six U.S. Army helicopter pilots completed five, 1-hour flights in a specially-instrumented UH-60 simulator while their performance was evaluated via a computerized scoring system. Immediately following each flight, data were collected on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, cognitive/psychomotor performance, and subjective mood ratings. The testing sessions began with flights at 0100, 0500, 0900, 1300, and 1700. One hour prior to each of the first three sessions on the drug-administration days, the aviators were given 10 mg of Dexedrine or placebo. Statistical analyses of the flight maneuvers revealed that Dexedrine improved aviator control on every maneuver with the exception of the hovering turns and the formation flight. Performance on the stationary hovers, the low level navigation, the climbs and descents, straight- and-level segments, standard-rate turns, and the left-descending turn all manifested at least one Dexedrine-related enhancement. Stimulants, Aviators, Flight performance, EEG, Mood.
Book Synopsis Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements by : Gerald P Krueger
Download or read book Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements written by Gerald P Krueger and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 19: Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements identifies available information and research gaps relating to the use of chemical substances by commercial drivers and is intended to provide up-to-date information to inform decision makers about the near-, mid-, and long-range planning needs for research and educational outreach programs.
Book Synopsis Taking Precautions Against Fatigue in Aviation by : YÜCEL BEYAZIT
Download or read book Taking Precautions Against Fatigue in Aviation written by YÜCEL BEYAZIT and published by YÜCEL BEYAZIT. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking Precautions Against Fatigue in Aviation Pilot fatigue is a significant problem in modern aviation operations, largely because of the unpredictable work hours, long duty periods, circadian disruptions, and insufficient sleep that are commonplace in both civilian and military flight operations. The full impact of fatigue is often underappreciated, but many of its deleterious effects have long been known. Compared to people who are well-rested, people who are sleep deprived think and move more slowly, make more mistakes and have memory difficulties. These negative effects may and do lead to aviation errors and accidents. In the 1930s, flight time limitations suggested lay-over durations, and aircrew sleep recommendations were developed in an attempt to mitigate aircrew fatigue. Unfortunately, there have been few changes to aircrew scheduling provisions and flight time limitations since the time they were first introduced, despite evidence that updates are needed. Although the scientific understanding of fatigue, sleep, shift work, and circadian physiology has advanced significantly over the past several decades, current regulations and industry practices have in large part failed to adequately incorporate the new knowledge.
Download or read book Sleep & Safety written by Salim Surani and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that upto 4 percent of all fatal crashes are caused by drowsy driving and as many as 100,000 patients deaths per year may be due to fatigue related medical errors by doctors and nurses i"
Book Synopsis Evaluating Performance Effects of a Medication (Dexedrine) in the Simulator Versus Aircraft Environment by : John Caldwell
Download or read book Evaluating Performance Effects of a Medication (Dexedrine) in the Simulator Versus Aircraft Environment written by John Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quasi-experimental approach assessed the pilot performance comparability of simulator versus in-flight results. Flight data from three sleep-deprivation studies were pooled. Twenty aviators were included, 10 who flew a UH-60 helicopter simulator and 10 who flew a UH-60A aircraft under the influence of Dexedrine or placebo during 40 hours of continuous wakefulness. Performance on straight and levels, right and left turns, climbs and descents, and a left-descending turn (assessed at 0100, 0500, 0900, 1300, and 1700) tended to correspond in the simulator and aircraft. Generally, performance under Dexedrine was better than under placebo. However, only half of the maneuvers showed consistent, statistically significant stimulant/fatigue effects in both flight platforms. Measurement sensitivity was lower in the aircraft, likely because of error variance due to environmental influences (weather, temperature, and turbulence) and other factors (radio traffic and anxieties about safety). Thus, actual in-flight studies, while desirable in terms of face-validity, underestimate the impact of stressors such as fatigue on pilots.
Book Synopsis Fatigue in Aviation: A Guide to Staying Awake at the Stick by : John A. Caldwell
Download or read book Fatigue in Aviation: A Guide to Staying Awake at the Stick written by John A. Caldwell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview of fatigue includes fatigue definitions, the measurement / assessment of fatigue, and the performance, mood, and safety problems associated with fatigue in the operational setting. The physiological bases of fatigue are discussed, so the reader understands that fatigue is a physiological phenomenon that is not "just a state of mind". Scientifically-valid countermeasures are discussed and data from a variety of sources are included to provide readers with a "toolbox" from which they can choose solutions to fatigue-related problems. The book is of interest to aviation crews in both civilian and military sectors, managers as well as aviators, flight deck as well as maintenance crews. It aims to be 'user-friendly', although scientific information is included to help the reader understand why certain behaviours occur.
Book Synopsis Aerospace Health and Safety: Today and the Future by : Irina Mordukhovich
Download or read book Aerospace Health and Safety: Today and the Future written by Irina Mordukhovich and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation plays vital roles in commerce, defense, science and leisure travel. Irrespective of the purpose of flight, crew and passengers are challenged by exposure to a variety of environmental conditions that can differ widely from work and travel environments on the surface of the Earth. With anticipated changes in aviation and space technology, new challenges to health and safety of crew and passengers can be expected. In this Research Topic, we welcome contributions from those whose work and interests are relevant to the health and safety of crew and passengers. This includes, but is not limited to, health and safety professionals, FAA examiners, corporate medical officers, aerospace and occupational physicians, physiologists, military and scientific team members, public health professionals, as well as engineers who are tasked with crew and passenger health and safety design projects. While 4.1 billion passengers fly on commercial airlines annually (and this figure is even higher when taking into account privately owned aircraft and military flight), for the most part aviation is safe. Passengers do arrive at their destinations with little concern to their own well-being and flight is generally well tolerated. However, older flyers, people with (diagnosed or undiagnosed) preexisting disease, and other vulnerable passengers (such as young children and pregnant women) may be at risk of complications and crew may be at special risk due to the frequency and duration of their many flight-related exposures. Health and safety issues for crew and passengers include but are not limited to: potentially severe circadian rhythm disruption, potential health effects of low-level cosmic ionizing radiation exposure at altitude, reduced oxygen delivery and tissue hypoxia at cabin pressurization, cabin air contamination by engine gases, toxic materials used in uniforms and some cabin seat materials, occupational noise, pesticides used for cabin disinsection, lack of adequate crew rest on layovers or between flights, cardiovascular demands of flight and effects of flight-related dehydration, the current absence of screening protocols especially in the context of a rising number of elderly and vulnerable flyers, lack of healthy nutrition at airports and in flight, availability of food and hydration as well as adequate cabin temperature under delay conditions, effects of alcohol use on flight-related physiological and behavioral health risks, anxiety and psychological distress associated with air travel, the effects of long-haul or ultra-long-haul flights on thromboembolic events as well as smoking cessation efforts and related psychological outcomes, job-related stress and harassment among crew. Cosmic ionizing and non-ionizing radiation exposure have drawn attention as have historic exposures of crew and passengers to second-hand cigarette smoke. The threat of political and interpersonal violence and altercations involving aviation cannot be overlooked. On-board medical emergencies run a wide gamut and the capacity to respond becomes more problematic as the duration of flights becomes longer or in the case of flight over oceans and the poles. In addition, in-flight and post flight embolisms and myocardial infarctions are more prevalent than might be expected. We hence encourage manuscripts that address in-flight medical response, including the capabilities on different types of aircraft on potential interventions by crew and medical volunteers. In addition, aviation as a vector for the carriage of disease is a significant concern to public health and security of populations world-wide, and we welcome submissions regarding infectious disease epidemiology and medicine as it relates to air travel. Insects and occasional unplanned travel by birds and rodents can present additional public health concerns. We are approaching an era where space travel may soon be increasingly common. Future flights for near-Earth orbit by leisure travelers and as well as travel to the moon and Mars raise a host of new questions with health and safety implications. What are the proposed health and safety accommodations going to be? Who will be allowed to travel? Perhaps the most interesting question is - who will make the rules?
Book Synopsis The Effects of Modafinil on Aviator Performance During 40 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness: A UH-60 Helicopter Simulator Study by :
Download or read book The Effects of Modafinil on Aviator Performance During 40 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness: A UH-60 Helicopter Simulator Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research evaluated the efficacy of the stimulant modafinil for sustaining simulator flight performance, cognitive skill, psychological mood, and central nervous system (CNS) activation in helicopter pilots who had been deprived of sleep. Six Army helicopter pilots were each exposed to two 40-hour periods of continuous wakefulness separated by one night of recovery sleep. In one of the periods, three 200-mg doses of modafinil were given (at 2300, 0300, and 0700) and in the other period, matching placebo tablets were administered. Testing sessions, which included UH-60 simulator flights, EEG evaluations, Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaires, a desktop flight simulator task, and the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB), were conducted at 0900, 1300, and 1700 on baseline days, and at 0100, 0500, 0900, 1300, and 1700 during sleep deprivation periods. Modafinil significantly attenuated the effects of sleep deprivation on four of the six flight maneuvers. Performance on the straight-and-levels, straight descents, left standard-rate turns, and left descending turn was maintained at or near baseline levels by modafinil, whereas performance suffered under placebo. In addition, modafinil reduced the amount of slow-wave EEG activity (indicative of reduced CNS activation), lessened self-reported problems with mood and alertness (diminished vigor, energy, confidence, etc.), and curtailed the performance decrements (slower response times, increased response lapses, and elevated tracking errors) that were found under placebo. The most noticeable benefits from the drug were seen between approximately 0330 and 1130 when the combined impact of sleep loss and the circadian trough was most severe. The positive effects of this compound were not offset by disruptions in recovery-sleep architecture.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Metabolic Status by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Monitoring Metabolic Status written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-29 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.
Download or read book Methamphetamine written by Ralph Weisheit and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-08-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive book on the impact of methamphetamine on individuals, communities, and society by two of America's leading addiction and criminal justice experts. In recent years, the media have inundated us with coverage of the horrors that befall methamphetamine users, and the fires, explosions, and toxic waste created by meth labs that threaten the well-being of innocent people. In Methamphetamine: Its History, Pharmacology, and Treatment, the first book in Hazelden's Library of Addictive Drugs series, Ralph Weisheit and William L. White examine the nature and extent of meth use in the United States, from meth's early reputation as a "wonder drug" to the current perception that it is a "scourge" of society.In separating fact from fiction, Weisheit and White provide context for understanding the meth problem by tracing its history and the varying patterns of use over time, then offer an in-depth look at:the latest scientific findings on the drug's effects on individualsthe myths and realities of the drug's impact on the mindthe national and international implications of methamphetamine productionthe drug's impact on rural communities, including a case study of two counties in the Midwestissues in addiction and treatment of meth.Thoroughly researched and highly readable, Methamphetamine offers a comprehensive understanding of medical, social, and political issues concerning this highly impactful drug.Written for professionals and serious lay readers by nationally recognized experts, the books in the Library of Addictive Drugs series feature in-depth, comprehensive, and up-to-date information on the most commonly abused mood-altering substances.
Book Synopsis The Efficacy of Amphetamines for 64 Hours of Sustained Operations by : John A. Caldwell
Download or read book The Efficacy of Amphetamines for 64 Hours of Sustained Operations written by John A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dextroamphetamine sulfate Dexedrine (R) is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that improves alertness and postpones the need for sleep. In aviation, where a high degree of alertness is essential during long flights, dextroamphetamine can counteract the decreased vigilance and attention, slowed reaction time, negative psychological mood, and sometimes perceptual disturbances associated with severe fatigue.
Book Synopsis Placebo-Controlled Studies of Sustaining the Alertness and Flight Performance of Aviators with Dexedrine by : J. A. Caldwell
Download or read book Placebo-Controlled Studies of Sustaining the Alertness and Flight Performance of Aviators with Dexedrine written by J. A. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dextroamphetanmine (Dexedrine) is a stimulant capable of temporarily reversing many of the effects of sleep deprivation. This report substantiates the efficacy of Dexedrine for aviation sustained operations. Specifically it is shown that this countermeasure maintains flight skills psychological mood and physiological activation in sleep-deprived pilots. Dexedrine's positive impact is not offset by marked disruptions In recovery sleep although "lighter sleep" was noted after the drug than after placebo. It is concluded that Dexedrine is a viable remedy for fatigue in aviation sustained operations but it is not a substitute for proper crew-rest scheduling. There is no replacement for adequate restful sleep.
Book Synopsis Performance Sustainment of Two Man Crews During 87 Hours of Extended Wakefulness with Stimulants and Napping by :
Download or read book Performance Sustainment of Two Man Crews During 87 Hours of Extended Wakefulness with Stimulants and Napping written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty-two pilots each completed twenty-two simulated flights and other evaluations during 87 hours of sustained operations. General results are that dextroamphetamine and modafinil similarly attenuated numerous sleep loss problems. While caffeine had some benefits preventing performance declines, changes in performance often mimicked those seen in the placebo group. The benefits of all three stimulants were most noticeable from 0200 until 1000 when the fatigue from sleep deprivation was greatest. The most consistent drug effects were seen on physiological measures and self-reported mood, but a number of performance effects were seen as well. These data are compared to previous flight simulator studies of dexedrine and modafinil with respect to dose effects on operator performance as well as the need to examine the resilience and vulnerability of team behavior as a fatigue countermeasure. These findings strongly suggest that stimulant medications can assist the warfighter in maintaining acceptable levels of judgment and decision making, as well as crew coordination, when combat requirements dictate long periods of sleep deprivation.
