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The Effects Of Noise On Speech Intelligibility And Complex Cognitive Performance
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Noise on Speech Intelligibility and Complex Cognitive Performance by : Ryan Laquent Urquhart
Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Speech Intelligibility and Complex Cognitive Performance written by Ryan Laquent Urquhart and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A human factors experiment was conducted to assess whether a reduction in noise at the ear would cause an improvement in speech intelligibility, an improvement in cognitive performance, and/or a reduction in subjective mental workload. Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) stimuli were used to determine intelligibility and specific tests within the Complex Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB) were used to assess cognitive performance. The tests chosen from the CCAB were: Tower Puzzle, Logical Relations, and Numbers and Words. These tests were chosen because of the specific set of cognitive functions that they measure which corresponded to command and control tasks. Participants performed the MRT and CCAB tests simultaneously in a 114 dBA noise environment at two speech levels, 83 dB (linear) and 96 dB (linear), using two communication microphones, Gentex Model 1453 and a prototype communication microphone developed by Adaptive Technologies Inc. (ATI). The noise used in the experiment was from a recording made inside a US Army Bradley Fighting Vehicle. Subjective mental workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX and Modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) immediately after the experiment. Results indicated that the communication microphone developed by ATI reduced the noise level at the ear better than the current Gentex microphone. However, the Gentex microphone produced significantly higher speech intelligibility scores at the 96 dB speech level.
Book Synopsis Future Directions for Research on the Combined Effects of Noise and Vibration on Cognition and Communication by :
Download or read book Future Directions for Research on the Combined Effects of Noise and Vibration on Cognition and Communication written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to gain a better understanding of how to optimize the performance of personnel operating military vehicles, where exposure to noise & vibration is a problem, it is important to consider the effects of realistic levels of noise & vibration. This paper presents an overview of previous studies of communication & cognitive performance in noise & vibration, including studies of speech intelligibility in noise and of the effects of whole body vibration, noise, and their combination on task performance. It also suggests directions for future research.
Book Synopsis Auditory Cognition and Human Performance by : Carryl L. Baldwin
Download or read book Auditory Cognition and Human Performance written by Carryl L. Baldwin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing and understanding sound- auditory processing- greatly enriches everyday life and enhances our ability to perform many tasks essential to survival. The complex soundscape in which we live influences where we direct our attention, how we communicate with each other, and how we interact with technological systems. Auditory Cognition and Human
Book Synopsis The Effects of Sound on People by : James P. Cowan
Download or read book The Effects of Sound on People written by James P. Cowan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a summary of current research results on the physiological and psychological effects of sound on people Covers how the operation of the hearing mechanism affects our reactions to sounds Includes research results from studies on noise sources of public concern such as transportation, public utility, and recreational sources, with emphasis on low frequency sound and infrasound Covers sounds that affect some but not others, how sounds can be controlled on a practical level, and how and what sounds are regulated Includes coverage of both positive and negative effects of sound
Book Synopsis Principles of Memory by : Aimée M. Surprenant
Download or read book Principles of Memory written by Aimée M. Surprenant and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In over 100 years of scientific research on human memory, and nearly 50 years after the so-called cognitive revolution, we have nothing that really constitutes a widely accepted and frequently cited law of memory, and perhaps only one generally accepted principle. The purpose of this monograph is to begin to rectify this situation by proposing 7 principles of human memory that apply to all memory. These principles are qualitative statements of empirical regularities that can serve as intermediary explanations and which follow from viewing memory as a function. They apply to all types of information, to all memory systems, and to all time scales. The principles highlight important gaps in our knowledge, challenge existing organizational views of memory, and suggest important new lines of research. This volume is intended for people in the field of memory (from advanced undergraduates to seasoned researchers), although it will be of interest to those who would like a comprehensive overview of the fundamental regularities in cognitive functioning.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comparative Study of the Effects of White Noise, Speech Noise and Complex Noise on the Intelligibility of Speech by : William Royce Hodgson
Download or read book A Comparative Study of the Effects of White Noise, Speech Noise and Complex Noise on the Intelligibility of Speech written by William Royce Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Speech masking speech in everyday communication by : Victoria Stenbäck
Download or read book Speech masking speech in everyday communication written by Victoria Stenbäck and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-14 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age affects hearing and cognitive abilities. Older people, with and without hearing impairment (HI), exhibit difficulties in hearing speech in noise. Elderly individuals show greater difficulty in segregating target speech from distracting background noise, especially if the noise is competing speech with meaningful contents, so called informational maskers. Working memory capacity (WMC) has proven to be a crucial factor in comprehending speech in noise, especially for people with hearing loss. In auditory scenes where speech is disrupted by competing speech, high WMC has proven to facilitate the ability to segregate target speech and inhibit responses to irrelevant information. People with low WMC are more prone to be disrupted by competing speech and exhibit more difficulties in hearing target speech in complex listening environments. Furthermore, elderly individuals with a HI experience more difficulties in switching attention between wanted and irrelevant stimuli, and they employ more resources and time to attend to the stimuli than do normally - hearing (NH) younger adults. This thesis investigated the importance of inhibitory control and WMC for speech recognition in noise, and perceived listening effort. Four studies were conducted. In the first study, the aim was to develop a test of inhibitory control for verbal content, and to investigate the relation between inhibitory control and WMC, and how these two abilities related to speech recognition in noise, in young normally – hearing (YNH) individuals. In the second study we aimed to investigate the same relationship as in the first study to further strengthen the validity of the inhibitory test developed, as well as the importance of lexical access. It was also an aim to investigate the influence of age and hearing status on lexical access and WMC, and their respective roles for speech recognition in noise in both YNH and elderly HI (EHI) individuals. Study one and two showed that, for YNH, inhibitory control was related to speech recognition in noise, indicating that inhibitory control can help to predict speech recognition in noise performance. The relationship between WMC and speech recognition in noise in YNH shifted in the studies, suggesting that this relationship is multifaceted and varying. Lexical access was of little importance for YNH, although for EHI individuals, both WMC and lexical access was of importance for speech recognition in noise, suggesting that different cognitive abilities were of importance for the YNH and EHI individuals Study three investigated the relationship between inhibitory control, WMC, speech recognition in noise, and perceived listening effort, in YNH and elderly, for their age, NH, individuals (ENH). In study four the same relationships as in study three were investigated, albeit in EHI individuals. Two speech materials with different characteristics, masked with four background noises were used. The results in study three showed that less favourable SNRs were needed for informational maskers than for maskers without semantic content. ENH individuals were more susceptible to informational maskers than YNH individuals. In contrast, in study four, more favourable SNRs were needed for informational maskers. In both studies, results showed that speech recognition in noise performance differed depending on the characteristics of the speech material. The studies showed that high WMC, compared to low WMC, was beneficial for speech recognition in noise, especially for informational maskers, and resulted in lower ratings of perceived effort. Varying results were found in study three and four regarding perceived effort and inhibitory control. In study three good inhibitory control was associated with lower effort rating, while in study four, individuals with a HI and good inhibitory control rated effort as higher. The results suggest that hearing status, age, and cognitive abilities, contribute to the differences in performance between YNH, ENH, and EHI individuals in speech – recognition – in – noise - and cognitive tasks. This thesis has, for the first time, demonstrated that a measure of inhibitory control of verbal content, is related to speech recognition in noise performance in YNH, ENH and EHI individuals. Results presented in this thesis also show that both WMC and inhibitory control are related to an individuals’ perception of how effortful a listening task is. It also adds to the literature that WMC is related to speech recognition in noise performance for ENH and EHI individuals, but that this relationship is not as robust in YNH individuals.
Book Synopsis Latent Variable Models by : John C. Loehlin
Download or read book Latent Variable Models written by John C. Loehlin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-05-20 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces multiple-latent variable models by utilizing path diagrams to explain the underlying relationships in the models. This approach helps less mathematically inclined students grasp the underlying relationships between path analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling more easily. A few sections of the book make use of elementary matrix algebra. An appendix on the topic is provided for those who need a review. The author maintains an informal style so as to increase the book's accessibility. Notes at the end of each chapter provide some of the more technical details. The book is not tied to a particular computer program, but special attention is paid to LISREL, EQS, AMOS, and Mx. New in the fourth edition of Latent Variable Models: *a data CD that features the correlation and covariance matrices used in the exercises; *new sections on missing data, non-normality, mediation, factorial invariance, and automating the construction of path diagrams; and *reorganization of chapters 3-7 to enhance the flow of the book and its flexibility for teaching. Intended for advanced students and researchers in the areas of social, educational, clinical, industrial, consumer, personality, and developmental psychology, sociology, political science, and marketing, some prior familiarity with correlation and regression is helpful.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Noise on Man by : Karl D. Kryter
Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Man written by Karl D. Kryter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Effects of Noise on Man covers the techniques for the evaluation of environmental noise in terms of its effects on human. The book provides the fundamental definitions of sound, its measurement, and concepts of the basic functioning, and the attributes of the auditory system. The text also presents along with their experimental basis, procedures for estimating from physical measures of noise its effects on man's auditory system and speech communications. The last part of the book is devoted to man's nonauditory system responses and includes information about the effects of noise on work performance, sleep, feelings of pain, vision, and blood circulation.
Book Synopsis Review and Assessment of the Health and Productivity Benefits of Green Schools by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review and Assessment of the Health and Productivity Benefits of Green Schools written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-06 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some educational professionals have suggested that so-called green schools would result in superior performance and increased health for students and teachers. While there is no commonly accepted definition of a green school, there are a number of attributes that such schools appear to have: low cost operations, security, healthy and comfortable, and an environment that enhances learning are among them. To determine the health and productivity benefits of green schools, the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative, the Barr and Kendall Foundations, the Connecticut Clean Energy Fund, and the U.S. Green Building Council asked the NRC to examine available studies about the effects of green schools on student learning and teacher productivity. This interim report presents an evaluation of evidence for relationships between various health, learning, and productivity outcomes and five characteristics of green schools: the building envelope, ventilation, lighting, acoustics, and condition. The final report will present evaluations for additional characteristics, a synthesis of the results of all assessments, and promising areas of research.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology by : Susan D. Clayton
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology written by Susan D. Clayton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First handbook to integrate environmental psychology and conservation psychology.
Book Synopsis Effects of Noise Type on Speech Understanding by : H N Elaine Ng
Download or read book Effects of Noise Type on Speech Understanding written by H N Elaine Ng and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Noise Type on Speech Understanding" by H N, Elaine, Ng, 吳凱寧, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of dissertation entitled Effects of Noise Type on Speech Understanding submitted by Elaine H. N. NG for the degree of Master of Science in Audiology at the University of Hong Kong in May 2006 The ultimate goal of the study is to find out how well a speech audiometry, using steady state speech-spectrum shaped background noise, predicts one's speech understanding ability in different real life situations. The real life noise and the steady-state speech spectrum-shaped noise have different characteristics and may affect speech understanding differently in both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Subjects comprised of 30 adults with normal hearing and 15 adults with mild to moderate hearing impairment were tested with sentence materials in the Cantonese Hearing in Noise Test (CHINT). The noise conditions included a 4- talker babble, a 6-talker babble, noise from a lower and an upper deck of a bus, a cafe, a Chinese restaurant, a carriage of Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and a street and the steady state speech spectrum-shaped noise in CHINT. Performance-intensity (P-I) functions and the estimated signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in predicting 50% correct intelligibility of the sentences in each noise condition for both groups were studied. Results showed that the steady state speech spectrum-shaped noise as used in CHINT test could reasonably predict one's speech intelligibility in many but not all the real life noise conditions. The differences in performance could be attributed to energy allocation of frequency spectrum, fluctuation in temporal waveform and the presence of competing background speech. The preliminary data from the hearing-impaired group could be well fitted into the results for the normal-hearing group in many of the noise conditions except those with temporal modulation or fluctuation. vi DOI: 10.5353/th_b3799015 Subjects: Audiometry Speech perception Speech processing systems
Book Synopsis Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions by : Sven Mattys
Download or read book Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions written by Sven Mattys and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech recognition in ‘adverse conditions’ has been a familiar area of research in computer science, engineering, and hearing sciences for several decades. In contrast, most psycholinguistic theories of speech recognition are built upon evidence gathered from tasks performed by healthy listeners on carefully recorded speech, in a quiet environment, and under conditions of undivided attention. Building upon the momentum initiated by the Psycholinguistic Approaches to Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions workshop held in Bristol, UK, in 2010, the aim of this volume is to promote a multi-disciplinary, yet unified approach to the perceptual, cognitive, and neuro-physiological mechanisms underpinning the recognition of degraded speech, variable speech, speech experienced under cognitive load, and speech experienced by theoretically relevant populations. This collection opens with a review of the literature and a formal classification of adverse conditions. The research articles then highlight those adverse conditions with the greatest potential for constraining theory, showing that some speech phenomena often believed to be immutable can be affected by noise, surface variations, or attentional set in ways that will force researchers to rethink their theory. This volume is essential for those interested in speech recognition outside laboratory constraints.
Book Synopsis Office Ergonomics and Human Factors by : Céline McKeown
Download or read book Office Ergonomics and Human Factors written by Céline McKeown and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just like the previous edition, this new edition aims to provide practical advice on how to create, develop, or improve office environments so that those individuals who work within them can do so comfortably and contently. Those environments include traditional purpose-built offices, home offices, vehicle interiors, or transient environments like train stations, hotels, and airports. Technology has changed radically since the first edition published in 2007. The new edition has been completely updated and offers simple, practical and effective advice that can be employed easily in any office environment, whether typical or atypical. Features Provides up-to-date advice on working with handheld devices and computers Outlines what can be done in non-office environments to make the worker more comfortable Offers updated case studies, which are more relevant to today's work, made possible by ever-advancing technology Includes an expanded section on accommodating workers with disabilities and covers new options available to assist the disabled so they can work effectively and comfortably Deals with the hidden area of work-related manual handling inside and outside the office
Book Synopsis The Cognitive Neurosciences by : Michael S. Gazzaniga
Download or read book The Cognitive Neurosciences written by Michael S. Gazzaniga and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fourth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biologic underpinnings of complex cognition - the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. The material in this edition is entirely new, with all chapters written specifically for it." --Book Jacket.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Hearing Mechanisms of Language Understanding: Short- and Long-Term Perspectives by : Rachel J. Ellis
Download or read book Cognitive Hearing Mechanisms of Language Understanding: Short- and Long-Term Perspectives written by Rachel J. Ellis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
