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The Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Bioenergy Sorghum Yield And Quality
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Bioenergy Sorghum Yield and Quality by : Szilvia Katalin Zilahi-Sebess
Download or read book The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Bioenergy Sorghum Yield and Quality written by Szilvia Katalin Zilahi-Sebess and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is one of the prospective crops that may be used to produce biofuels in the future. Therefore, it is of interest to find management practices that improve both the production of biomass yield and quality. This study presents observations of the effects different rates of nitrogen fertilization have on yield, tissue nitrogen content, and tissue quality measures such as ash, lignin, sucrose, xylans, cellulose and starch content, based on three years of field trials from the Brazos Bottom and one year of field trials from near China, Texas. Data for the quality components were obtained using near infrared spectroscopy, with the exception of tissue nitrogen which was determined by using the dry combustion method. This study has showed fertilizer nitrogen had a strong positive correlation with the tissue nitrogen of sorghum biomass. Changes in tissue quality in relationship with fertilizer nitrogen levels and tissue nitrogen concentration were also observed. Ash showed a strong positive and sucrose showed a strong negative correlation to both iv tissue nitrogen concentration and fertilizer nitrogen application. Similarly to sucrose, starch also decreased with higher nitrogen levels and lignin was found to increase slightly. The concentration of cellulose and xylans were very weakly affected by nitrogen application and nitrogen concentration.
Book Synopsis Yield, Nutrient Removal, and Quality of Sorghum Grain and Biomass as Influenced by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization by : Ruben Francisco Moresco
Download or read book Yield, Nutrient Removal, and Quality of Sorghum Grain and Biomass as Influenced by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization written by Ruben Francisco Moresco and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy by : Jaya Shankar Tumuluru
Download or read book Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy written by Jaya Shankar Tumuluru and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the outcome of contributions by many experts in the field from different disciplines, various backgrounds, and diverse expertise. This book provides information on biomass volume calculation methods and biomass valorization for energy production. The chapters presented in this book include original research and review articles. I hope the research presented in this book will help to advance the use of biomass for bioenergy production and valorization. The key features of the book are: Providing information on biomass volume estimation using direct, nondestructive and remote sensing methods Biomass valorization for energy using thermochemical (gasification and pyrolysis) and biochemical (fermentation) conversion processes.
Book Synopsis Plasticity of Sorghum Biomass and Inflorescence Traits in Response to Nitrogen Application by : Kyle M. Linders
Download or read book Plasticity of Sorghum Biomass and Inflorescence Traits in Response to Nitrogen Application written by Kyle M. Linders and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required for growth and development in plants. Insufficient nitrogen availability can reduce vegetative growth and grain yield. However, nitrogen is a costly input for farmers, is energy intensive to manufacture, and runoff of excess nitrogen fertilizer impacts water quality. Compared to its close relative, maize, sorghum has much greater resilience to nitrogen and water deficit, and heat stress, allowing sorghum to be grown with fewer inputs and on marginal land. Variation in total biomass accumulation and grain yield between sorghum accessions, as well as between nitrogen conditions, can be largely explained by differences in vegetative growth and inflorescence architecture traits. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in sorghum have identified genetic markers associated with genes known to play roles in controlling growth and development. However, these studies have typically been conducted using field trials with “optimal” nitrogen application conditions. A set of 345 diverse inbred lines from the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) were grown under both standard nitrogen application (N+) and no nitrogen application (N-) treatments, and a range of biomass and inflorescence-related traits were phenotyped, including plant height, lower and upper stem diameter, rachis length, lower and upper rachis diameter, and primary branch number. Stem volume, an approximation of biomass, was calculated from the directly measured traits. Stem volume was, on average, 10.48% higher for genotypes in nitrogen fertilized blocks, than for genetically identical plants in no nitrogen application blocks. Within individual treatment conditions, between 58.1% and 90.7% of the total variation for the measured and calculated traits could be explained by genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies were conducted to identify genetic markers associated with these traits in order to better understand the genetic factors involved in nitrogen stress response for potential use in breeding improved sorghum varieties.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Footprint of Bioenergy Sorghum Production in Central Texas by : Joseph Orgean Storlien
Download or read book The Carbon Footprint of Bioenergy Sorghum Production in Central Texas written by Joseph Orgean Storlien and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced interest in biofuel production has renewed interest in bioenergy crop production within the United States. Agriculture's role in biofuel production is critical because it has the potential to supply renewable energy while minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, agronomic management practices influence direct and indirect GHG emissions, and both can have a significant impact on biofuel production efficiency. Our overall objective was to determine the carbon (C) footprint of bioenergy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production in central Texas. Specifically, we determined the impacts of crop rotation, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and residue return on direct and indirect GHG emissions, theoretical biofuel yield, C pools, and life cycle GHG emissions from bioenergy sorghum production in 2010 and 2011. An experiment established in 2008 near College Station, TX to quantify the impacts of crop management practices on bioenergy sorghum yield and soil properties was utilized, and included two crop rotations (sorghum-sorghum or corn-sorghum), two fertilization levels (0 or 280 kg N ha−1 annually), and two residue return rates (0 or 50% biomass residue returned) to assess management impacts on sorghum production, C cycling, and life cycle GHGs. Corn production was poor under moderate drought conditions, while bioenergy sorghum produced relatively large yields under both moderate and severe drought conditions. Nitrogen addition increased crop yields, and rotated sorghum had higher yield than monoculture sorghum. Fluxes of CO2 and N2O were higher than those reported in literature and highest soil fluxes were frequently observed following precipitation events during the growing season. Residue return increased cumulative CO2 emissions and N fertilization increased N2O emissions. Residue return also increased soil microbial biomass-C, an important indicator of soil quality. Continuous sorghum significantly increased soil organic C (SOC) concentrations near the soil surface and at two depths below 30 cm. Analysis of change in SOC across time to estimate net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere revealed bioenergy sorghum production accrued high amounts of SOC annually. Most treatments accrued more than 4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 from 2008 to 2012, which indicated great potential for C sequestration and offsetting GHG emissions. Life cycle GHG emissions (as g CO2-eq MJ−1) were all negative due to high SOC increases each year and indicated all bioenergy sorghum production treatments sequestered atmospheric CO2 per unit of theoretical energy provided. Despite its relatively low production efficiency, rotated sorghum with N addition and residue return was selected as the ideal bioenergy sorghum production scenario due to a number of sustainability factors. Bioenergy sorghum may offer great benefit as a high-yielding biofuel feedstock with minimal impacts to net GHG emissions. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151078
Book Synopsis Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation on Grain Sorghum Production by : Herbert Osborn Mann
Download or read book Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation on Grain Sorghum Production written by Herbert Osborn Mann and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Bioenergy Production by : Lijun Wang
Download or read book Sustainable Bioenergy Production written by Lijun Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-18 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the environmental concerns and declining availability of fossil fuels, as well as the growing population worldwide, it is essential to move toward a sustainable bioenergy-based economy. However, it is also imperative to address sustainability in the bioenergy industry in order to avoid depleting necessary biomass resources. Sustainable Bioenergy Production provides comprehensive knowledge and skills for the analysis and design of sustainable biomass production, bioenergy processing, and biorefinery systems for professionals in the bioenergy field. Focusing on topics vital to the sustainability of the bioenergy industry, this book is divided into four sections: Fundamentals of Engineering Analysis and Design of Bioenergy Production Systems, Sustainable Biomass Production and Supply Logistics, Sustainable Bioenergy Processing, and Sustainable Biorefinery Systems. Section I covers the fundamentals of genetic engineering, novel breeding, and cropping technologies applied in the development of energy crops. It discusses modern computational tools used in the design and analysis of bioenergy production systems and the life-cycle assessment for evaluating the environmental sustainability of biomass production and bioenergy processing technologies. Section II focuses on the technical and economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of various biomass feedstocks and emerging technologies to improve feedstock sustainability. Section III addresses the technical and economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of different bioenergy processing technologies and emerging technologies to improve the sustainability of each bioenergy process. Section IV discusses the design and analysis of biorefineries and different biorefinery systems, including lignocellulosic feedstock, whole-crop, and green biorefinery.
Book Synopsis Performance of High Biomass Sorghum and Nitrogen Dynamics by the Application of Urea, Pelleted Poultry Litter and Class A Municipal Biosolids by : Rakesh Awale
Download or read book Performance of High Biomass Sorghum and Nitrogen Dynamics by the Application of Urea, Pelleted Poultry Litter and Class A Municipal Biosolids written by Rakesh Awale and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Sorghum Science by : Ratikanta Maiti
Download or read book Advances in Sorghum Science written by Ratikanta Maiti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume, Advances in Sorghum Science: Botany, Production, and Crop Improvement, provides an easy-to-read and comprehensive treatment of the sorghum crop. With the world’s production of sorghum topping over 55 million tons annually, sorghum is very important for as a staple dietary food for much of the world as a rich source of micronutrients and macronutrients, as an ingredient in the processing of many foods, and as a source of fodder. The authors of the volume provide detailed information on sorghum from several disciplines and bring together recent literature under one umbrella. The book covers the various aspects of the sorghum crop, starting from its origin, to its domestication, and going on to biotechnology of the crop. It describes sorghum production, ideotypes, botany, physiology, abiotic and biotic factors affecting crop productivity, methods of cultivation, postharvest management, grain quality analysis for food processing, improvement of sorghum crop, and research advancements in breeding and biotechnology. This valuable resource will be helpful to researchers and scientists working to understand the relation between various disciplines and the implementation of new methods and technology for crop improvement and higher productivity. The multi-pronged approach will help to enable the increase sorghum productivity to meet the world’s growing demands.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Sweet Sorghum by :
Download or read book Characterization of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Sweet Sorghum written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has the potential to augment the increasing demand for alternative fuels and for the production of input efficient, environmentally friendly bioenergy crops. Nitrogen (N) and water availability are considered two of the major limiting factors in crop growth. Nitrogen fertilization accounts for about 40% of the total production cost in sorghum. In cereals, including sorghum, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) from fertilizer is approximately 33% of the amount applied. There is therefore extensive concern in relation to the N that is not used by the plant, which is lost by leaching of nitrate, denitrification from the soil, and loss of ammonia to the atmosphere, all of which can have deleterious environmental effects. To improve the potential of sweet sorghum as a leading and cost effective bioenergy crop, the enhancement of NUE must be addressed. To this end, we have identified a sorghum line (SanChi San) that displays about 25% increase in NUE over other sorghum lines. As such, the overarching goal of this project is to employ three complementary strategies to enhance the ability of sweet sorghum to become an efficient nitrogen user. To achieve the project goal, we will pursue the following specific objectives: Objective 1: Phenotypic characterization of SanChi San/Ck60 RILs under low and moderate N-availability including biochemical profiles, vegetative growth and seed yield Objective 2: Conduct quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and marker identification for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in a grain sorghum RIL population. Objective 3: Identify novel candidate genes for NUE using proteomic and gene expression profiling comparisons of high- and low-NUE RILs. Candidate genes will be brought into the pipeline for transgenic manipulation of NUE This project will apply the latest genomics resources to discover genes controlling NUE, one of the most complex and economically important traits in cereal crops. As a result of the completion of the proposed work, we will have: 1) identified novel alleles in wild sorghum germplasm that is useful to improve both cultivated grain and sweet sorghum; 2) been able to select individuals plants that exhibit high NUE within a breeding population on the basis of these markers; 3) acquired essential information necessary to examine the roles of GS and GOGAT, AlaT, along with impact of transcription factor Dof1, on N assimilation in sweet sorghum; and 4) The information learned will provide new opportunities for improving NUE in sorghum and other cereals.
Book Synopsis Sweet Sorghum and Nitrogen by : Khaled Miri
Download or read book Sweet Sorghum and Nitrogen written by Khaled Miri and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet sorghum is versatile as a high value crop. Besides, bio-fuel, feed and fodder, it is very interesting for low cost and nutritious food . It has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop. It has been evaluated as an alcohol fuel crop with a promising future. This crop is attractive because of the easy accessibility of readily fermentable sugars combined with very high yields of green biomass suitable for production of more quantity of ethanol per unit time, per unit cost and per unit of water used . In India, it has been used for nearly 150 years to produce concentrated syrup with a distinctive flavor due to its characteristic of juicy stalks high in sugar. The ethanol production process is more Eco-friendly than that of sugarcane and its molasses (Morris, 2006). Nitrogen fertilizer combined with other inputs play crucial roles in yield and overall quality of sweet sorghum products. The present book is parts of studies which were conducted to determine suitable genotype and nitrogen level for higher productivity, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns from sweet sorghum cultivation.
Book Synopsis Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Stages of Harvest on the Growth, Yield and Quality Od Fodder Sorghum Var. Rio by : Surendra Nath Pasupalak
Download or read book Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Stages of Harvest on the Growth, Yield and Quality Od Fodder Sorghum Var. Rio written by Surendra Nath Pasupalak and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Levels of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Cultivars by : FATHIMA P. S
Download or read book Effect of Levels of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Cultivars written by FATHIMA P. S and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield, HCN Potential, and Nitrate Nitrogen Content of Three Varieties of Sorghum by : Billy M. Greene
Download or read book The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield, HCN Potential, and Nitrate Nitrogen Content of Three Varieties of Sorghum written by Billy M. Greene and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Its Uptake and Seed Production of Sorghum Hybrids by : K. Ram Sudhakar
Download or read book Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Its Uptake and Seed Production of Sorghum Hybrids written by K. Ram Sudhakar and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Management of Biofuel Sorghums in Kansas by : Scott J. Dooley
Download or read book Management of Biofuel Sorghums in Kansas written by Scott J. Dooley and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current demand for ethanol production is stressing feedstock production. Previous research has shown sweet sorghum and photoperiod sensitive sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as viable feedstocks which may supplement or replace current feedstocks. Studies were conducted at two dryland locations in north central and northeast Kansas in 2008 and 2009 to determine the effects of cultivar, nitrogen fertilizer rate, plant density, and harvest date on sweet sorghum juice and biomass yields. The cultivar study indicated the cultivar 'M81E' generally had the greatest yield. Other cultivars were not well suited for this region. No significant results were found in the nitrogen rate trial, indicating sweet sorghum may be insensitive to nitrogen fertilizer applications. The plant density trial results indicated that sweet sorghum possess a great ability to compensate for plant spacing. No differences were found in juice yields across densities, and the only difference found in total dry biomass was at the highest plant density. Results from the harvest date study indicate that sweet sorghum harvest should be delayed until at least the grain soft dough stage and can be continued for at least 10 days after a killing freeze without a yield penalty. Delaying harvest allowed for an increase in total dry matter and fermentable carbohydrates without a decrease in juice yield. Two studies were conducted at two dryland locations in northcentral and northeast Kansas in 2008 and 2009 to determine the effects of plant density on photoperiod sensitive sorghum yields, with an additional study to determine the effects of winter weathering. Photoperiod sensitive sorghum was found to be similarly insensitive to plant density, with few differences found in total dry biomass yield. Yields were found to decrease significantly due to winter weathering. A final study was conducted to examine a variety of sorghums as biofuel feedstocks. Photoperiod sensitive sorghum yielded the greatest in 2008 while sweet sorghum yielded less. In 2009, sweet and photoperiod sensitive sorghum yielded less than the cultivar TAMUXH08001. Sweet sorghum yields are generally the greatest with 'M81E' and when harvested after soft dough. Yields of both sorghums are occasionally influenced by plant density.
Download or read book Sorghum written by Ignacio A. Ciampitti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
