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The Effects Of Nitrate Fertilization On The Physiology Of A Common Salt Marsh Cordgrass Species Spartina Alterniflora
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Nitrate Fertilization on the Physiology of a Common Salt Marsh Cordgrass Species, Spartina Alterniflora by : Katherine A. Friedman
Download or read book The Effects of Nitrate Fertilization on the Physiology of a Common Salt Marsh Cordgrass Species, Spartina Alterniflora written by Katherine A. Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Nitrate Fertilization on the Photosynthetic Performance of the Salt Marsh Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora by : Hillary L. Sullivan
Download or read book The Effect of Nitrate Fertilization on the Photosynthetic Performance of the Salt Marsh Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora written by Hillary L. Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Nutrient Loading on Nitrogen Removal and Carbon Dynamics in a Juncus Roemerianus and Spartina Alterniflora Dominated Salt Marsh in the Northern Gulf of Mexico by : Taylor Ledford
Download or read book The Impact of Nutrient Loading on Nitrogen Removal and Carbon Dynamics in a Juncus Roemerianus and Spartina Alterniflora Dominated Salt Marsh in the Northern Gulf of Mexico written by Taylor Ledford and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to estuaries and bays can lead to eutrophication, anoxia or hypoxia, and/or loss of native or other important species. Coastal salt marshes help to counteract eutrophication by removing excess N through microbially-mediated denitrification. One important factor that regulates salt marsh N removal is vegetation type, which affects sediment N-removal capacity by modifying redox potential and altering the microbial community structure within sediments. Additionally, plant community structure can alter carbon (C) uptake via photosynthesis and C release via sediment oxidation and organic matter degradation. A 1-year field study was conducted in a salt marsh located on Dauphin Island, AL, where we increased N and P inputs by 20 g N m-2 yr-1/ 1.25 g P m-2 yr-1 (low fertilization) and 40 g N m-2 yr-1/2.5 g P m-2 yr-1 (high fertilization) in plots dominated by either Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush) or Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Denitrification was 5X higher in unamended J. roemerianus plots versus S. alterniflora, but denitrification in S. alterniflora was more responsive to fertilization, increasing ten-fold while denitrification in J. roemerianus plots did not respond to fertilization. Gross primary productivity (GPP) was marginally higher (~5%) in control plots of J. roemerianus than in control S. alterniflora plots. High fertilization increased GPP by 27% in S. alterniflora plots, however, GPP did not respond to fertilization in J. roemerianus plots. Additionally, ERCO2 was similar across vegetation types in control plots, and did not respond to fertilization in either vegetation type. Net ecosystem exchange was similar in J. roemerianus and S. alterniflora control plots and did not change in response to N and P additions for either vegetation type. Our results illustrate that while both J. roemerianus and S. alterniflora marshes have the capacity to withstand nutrient loading in the Gulf of Mexico via N removal, S. alterniflora dominated marshes may have a greater capacity to mitigate N inputs. Additionally, in a world with higher nutrient inputs and despite higher GPP in S. alterniflora, both vegetation types will continue to sequester C at similar rates.
Book Synopsis Growth Characteristics and Salt Tolerance of Two Reciprocally Invasive Grass Species Found in Coastal Salt Marshes by :
Download or read book Growth Characteristics and Salt Tolerance of Two Reciprocally Invasive Grass Species Found in Coastal Salt Marshes written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invasive variety of the common reed Phragmites australis, the M haplotpye, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes normally dominated by the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Phragmites australis is spreading into North American coastal marshes that are experiencing reduced salinities, while Spartina spp. are spreading into northern European brackish marshes that are experiencing increased salinities. We compared the salt tolerance and other growth characteristics of the invasive, M haplotype with two native haplotypes (F and AC) in greenhouse experiments. The M haplotype retained 50% of its growth potential up to 0.4 M NaCl, whereas the F and AC haplotypes did not grow above 0.1 M NaCl. The M haplotype produced more shoots per gram of rhizome tissue and had higher relative growth rates than the native haplotypes on both freshwater and saline water treatments. The M haplotype also differed from the native haplotypes in shoot water content and the biometrics of shoots and rhizomes. The results offer an explanation for how the M haplotype is able to spread in coastal salt marshes and support the conclusion of DNA analyses that the M haplotype is a distinct ecotype of P. australis. We then compared the growth, competitive ability, salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of M haplotype P. australis and S. alterniflora along a salinity gradient in greenhouse experiments. Spartina alterniflora produced new biomass up to 0.60 M NaCl, whereas P. australis did not grow well above 0.2 M NaCl. When the two species were grown in mixed cultures, P. australis was less affected by competition than S. alterniflora at lower salinities but the competitive advantage reversed above 0.2 M NaCl. The greater salt tolerance of S. alterniflora compared to P. australis was due to its ability to use Na+ for osmotic adjustment in the shoots. On the other hand, at low salinities P. australis was more competitive because it produced more shoots per gram of rhizome tissue than S. alterniflora. These studies illustrate how ecophysiological differences shift the competitive advantage from one species to another along a salinity gradient.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Salinity, Soil Aeration, and Insect Predation on the Free Amino Acid, Glycinebetaine, and Soluble Protein Levels of the Salt Marsh Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora by : John D. Bacheller
Download or read book The Effect of Salinity, Soil Aeration, and Insect Predation on the Free Amino Acid, Glycinebetaine, and Soluble Protein Levels of the Salt Marsh Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora written by John D. Bacheller and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pregermination Requirements and Establishment Techniques for Salt Marsh Plants by : Pat K. Falco
Download or read book Pregermination Requirements and Establishment Techniques for Salt Marsh Plants written by Pat K. Falco and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Saltmarsh Cordgrass, Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina Alterniflora Loisel by : Gene M. Silberhorn
Download or read book Saltmarsh Cordgrass, Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina Alterniflora Loisel written by Gene M. Silberhorn and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seed Set Variability, Inbreeding Depression, and Effects of Herbivory in Introduced Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina Alterniflora) Invading Pacific Estuaries by : Curtis Christopher Daehler
Download or read book Seed Set Variability, Inbreeding Depression, and Effects of Herbivory in Introduced Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina Alterniflora) Invading Pacific Estuaries written by Curtis Christopher Daehler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Foliar Exchange of Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Substances by the Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora in a Georgia Salt Marsh by : Joseph Dean Pakulski
Download or read book Foliar Exchange of Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Substances by the Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora in a Georgia Salt Marsh written by Joseph Dean Pakulski and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Pregermination Conditions on the Viability of Selected Marsh Plants by : J. D. Maguire
Download or read book Influence of Pregermination Conditions on the Viability of Selected Marsh Plants written by J. D. Maguire and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on the Salt Marsh Plants Spartina Alterniflora and Juncus Roemerianus by : Alycia Anne Kluenenberg
Download or read book The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on the Salt Marsh Plants Spartina Alterniflora and Juncus Roemerianus written by Alycia Anne Kluenenberg and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Soil Water Movement on the Productivity and Elemental Composition of a New Jersey Salt Marsh Population of Short Form Spartina Alterniflora by : Kathleen Anita Strakosch
Download or read book The Effects of Soil Water Movement on the Productivity and Elemental Composition of a New Jersey Salt Marsh Population of Short Form Spartina Alterniflora written by Kathleen Anita Strakosch and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Nutrient Enrichment of a Salt Marsh on Diatom Communities by : Michael J. Sullivan
Download or read book Effects of Nutrient Enrichment of a Salt Marsh on Diatom Communities written by Michael J. Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen in a Southern California Salt Marsh by : Theodore Paul Winfield
Download or read book Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen in a Southern California Salt Marsh written by Theodore Paul Winfield and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores three functional aspects of the salt marsh-estuarine ecosystem in the Tijuana Estuary (southern California): primary productivity of the salt marsh vascular plants, organic carbon cycle, and inorganic nitrogen cycle. The productivity study was designed to test the hypothesis that the salt marsh vascular plants in the Tijuana Estuary are not as productive as those in eastern coastal marshes. Spartina foliosa was found to be the most productive individual species in terms of dry weight and carbon, but succulent plant species as a group contributed more to the overall vascular plant productivity. On a dry weight basis net above-ground primary productivity (NAPP) averaged 0.8kg/m('2)/yr which was approximately 240g C/m('2)/yr. Carbon productivity of vascular plants was low in comparison to Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico marshes, and differences were attributed to the more saline soils of southern California. Standing dead biomass and litter averaged over the total marsh surface were constant throughout the study period. The decomposition rate of selected grass species was slower than that for succulent species and the decomposition rate for all plant material varied with elevation, being faster in the tidal creeks and slowest in the upper marsh. The organic carbon study was designed to provide data on the quality and quantity of the various forms of organic carbon being transported to and from the marsh surface in the tidal waters. The data were used in conjunction with those generated from the productivity study to evaluate the hypothesis that the Tijuana Estuary salt marsh exports a substantial amount (45-50%) of the organic carbon produced and that a major portion of the export is as particulate organic carbon (POC). The concentration of POC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ATP and chlorophyll a was measured in water samples collected periodically during a tidal cycle each month. Organic carbon was exported as DOC (40-110g C/m('2)/yr) and showed a slight import of POC (5-6g C/m('2)/yr). POC was mainly detrital carbon as opposed to biomass carbon. The Tijuana Estuary salt marsh exports substantially less than 50% of its NAPP, and export is in the dissolved form as opposed to particulate. Results of this and other recent studies suggest that a re-evaluation of salt marsh carbon flow models is needed. The purpose of the inorganic nitrogen study was to document the distribution of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite in the tidal waters draining the Tijuana Estuary salt marsh and to evaluate the tidal waters as a source of nitrogen for salt marsh vegetation. The inorganic nitrogen cycle was characterized by the annual import of ammonium and slight annual export of nitrate. Ammonium was found to be the dominant form of inorganic nitrogen except in the late spring when nitrate was dominant. Inorganic nitrogen import totalled 1.1 - 2.16g N/m('2)/yr. The import of inorganic nitrogen accounted for 28% of the nitrogen required by salt marsh vascular plants, but only 6% of the combined productivity of vascular plants and benthic algae. Nitrogen regeneration processes within the salt marsh are important in meeting the nitrogen needs of salt marsh vegetation.
Book Synopsis Spartina Alterniflora Response to Experimental Varying of the Salt Marsh Platform Relative to Mean Sea Level and Mean High Water by : Diana L. Rodríguez
Download or read book Spartina Alterniflora Response to Experimental Varying of the Salt Marsh Platform Relative to Mean Sea Level and Mean High Water written by Diana L. Rodríguez and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Carbon and Nutrient Pools of Salt Marsh Plants by : Tracy Elsey-Quirk
Download or read book Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Carbon and Nutrient Pools of Salt Marsh Plants written by Tracy Elsey-Quirk and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined both inter- and intraspecific variation of four dominant salt marsh macrophytes, a high marsh shrub, Baccharis halimifolia, a high marsh rush, Juncus roemerianus, a mid-marsh grass, Spartina patens, and the low marsh grass that is ubiquitous in wetlands along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, short-form S. alterniflora. Chapter One evaluates the seasonal C pool dynamics of the four species including the seasonal allocation of above- and belowground C pools, C pool loss through decomposition, and soil C concentration in a wetland fringing Little Assawoman Bay, one of Delaware's Coastal Bays. To determine whether the rate of vertical accretion and organic matter accumulation differed between the low, S. alterniflora and high, J. roemerianus zones, soil cores from the two zones were used to measure 137 Cs and 210 Pb activity. Total plant C pools of the mid- and low marsh grass species, Spartina patens (4360 g C m -2) and Spartina alterniflora (4197 g C m -2), were similar and almost two and three times larger than total pools of Juncus roemerianus (2508 g C m -2) and Baccharis halimifolia (1490 g C m -2), respectively. Moving from the high to low marsh zones, the C pool shifted from primarily aboveground to belowground. Baccharis had the greatest aboveground C storage (1140 g m -2) and the slowest rate of C loss. Chapter Two examines interspecific variation in N pool dynamics in the four species including seasonal allocation of N pools above- and belowground, N loss through decomposition, N resorption efficiency, and soil N concentration. The seasonal fluctuation in the total N pools of the herbaceous species was due to belowground N pool dynamics, particularly fine root and dead large and small-sized macroorganic matter fluxes. Comparisons among the species revealed that the location, magnitude and timing of N storage and dispersal differed, which is important in the context of how species will shift in response to environmental change. Chapter Three describes the above- and belowground species associations in the fringing wetland and whether or not species shifts have occurred. Accurate productivity measurements in fringing wetlands may be dependent on species-specific organic matter separation, particularly belowground. Vegetation change in salt marshes may also become apparent when comparing above- and belowground species-specific live and dead organic matter. We surveyed species richness, frequency, and percent cover and measured above- and belowground biomass in three vegetation zones. Our study illustrates the importance of species-specific belowground biomass estimates to provide evidence of species shifts in both the low and high marsh zones. Chapter four examines intraspecific variation in morphological characteristics and carbon, nutrient, and mineral concentration and allocation within B. halimifolia, J. roemerianus, S. patens, and S. alterniflora. Ecotypic variation in morphology and composition and allocation of C, nutrients, and minerals in wetland plants may influence ecosystem functions such as the deposition and trapping of sediments, detritus production, secondary productivity, the cycling and storage of organic and inorganic nutrients, belowground organic matter production, and long-term C storage. We examined the expression of morphological traits and C, nutrient, and mineral composition and allocation among southern ecotypes, a tissue-culture regenerant, and a native mid-Atlantic ecotype for each of four salt marsh species after two growing seasons within natural stands in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. Overall, we found that the expression of phenotypic variation was greatest in the low marsh, Spartina alterniflora than in the higher marsh species likely due to both the greater spatial variation in elevation and soil conditions in the higher marsh and potentially a lower tolerance of higher marsh species to environmental stress. The differences that we found among ecotypes have important implications for enhancing and developing ecosystem processes in restoration and creation projects. Chapter Five characterizes carbon pool dynamics of the salt marsh species, J. roemerianus, S. patens, and S. alterniflora using a STELLA model. The model was developed to examine the relationships between C pools and fluxes within species, to simultaneously compare the timing and magnitude of seasonal fluxes of C of each of the three species within a square meter, and to examine how changes to model parameters influence C pool dynamics and the accumulation of C belowground. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Book Synopsis Impacts on Spartina Alterniflora by : James Paul Browne
Download or read book Impacts on Spartina Alterniflora written by James Paul Browne and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
