The Effects Of Maternal Diet And Energy Demands On Offspring Development Growth And Health

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The Effects of Maternal Diet and Energy Demands on Offspring Development, Growth, and Health

Author : Mary C. Wynn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Maternal Diet and Energy Demands on Offspring Development, Growth, and Health by : Mary C. Wynn

Download or read book The Effects of Maternal Diet and Energy Demands on Offspring Development, Growth, and Health written by Mary C. Wynn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal programming can have numerous detrimental effects on offspring development, growth, and health. To improve livestock production efficiency, it is necessary to determine the mechanisms that can result in reduced growth, health, and product quality. We hypothesized that 1) restricted- and over-feeding during gestation would inhibit offspring muscle development, and 2) high maternal milk production would affect factors involved in offspring growth and immunity. To investigate the effects of poor maternal nutrition on offspring muscle development and growth, pregnant Western White-faced ewes (n = 82) were randomly assigned to one of three diets at day 30 of gestation through parturition; a control- (100% NRC requirements; CON), restricted- (60% NRC; RES), or over-fed (140%; OVER) diet. At day 45, 90, and 135 of gestation and within 24 hours of birth, ewes and fetuses were euthanized for collection of offspring longissimus dorsi, semitendinosus, and triceps brachii (n = 10 to 15 fetuses per treatment per time point). Muscle sections were immunostained with Pax7 antibody and data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. An interaction of maternal diet by time point was observed in the semitendinosus (ST) and triceps brachii (TB), where Pax7(+) cells were decreased in RES offspring at day 45, 90, and 135 in the ST (P ≤ 0.02) and day 90 in the TB (P ≤ 0.002). Within OVER offspring, Pax7(+) cells were decreased at day 90 in the ST (P ≤ 0.02) and day 45 and 90 in the TB (P ≤ 0.04). No effect of maternal diet by time point was observed in the LD (P = 0.57). An interaction of maternal diet by litter size was also observed, where singletons and twins had reduced Pax7(+) cells in the ST and TB (P ≤ 0.02) but triplets had an increased percentage of Pax7(+) cells in the LD (P ≤ 0.04). In conclusion, maternal restricted- and over-feeding negatively affects prenatal muscle development over time but these effects are muscle specific. To investigate the effects of maternal milk production during gestation on calf growth and immunity, morphometric measurements and blood samples were obtained from dairy calves born to high (average lactation of 14,865 kg of milk; n = 17) or low (average lactation of 10,069 kg of milk; n = 18) milk producing cows within 24 hours of birth. Offspring will be referred to as HIGH or LOW, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of insulin, glucose, haptoglobin, interferon gamma, and other biochemical factors relating to growth and immunity. An effect of maternal lactation by gender was observed for skull width (P = 0.09), nose-occipital length (P = 0.03), glucose (P = 0.05), direct bilirubin (P = 0.07), calcium (P = 0.08), and magnesium (P = 0.07). Additionally, an effect of lactation was observed for total protein and globulin (P ≤ 0.01). No effect of lactation by gender, lactation, or gender was observed for insulin (P = 0.53), serum IgG (P = 0.23), colostrum IgG (P =32), or haptoglobin (P = 0.24). In conclusion, maternal lactation status can affect several factors relating to offspring growth and health. Future studies are required to further assess the effects of maternal programming on offspring development, growth, and health to improve current livestock production.

The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring

Author : Gerard Hornstra
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 380557780X
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring by : Gerard Hornstra

Download or read book The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring written by Gerard Hornstra and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal nutritional status affects the offsprings health development significantly during early embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth and lactation, and subsequently determines health during growth and even throughout adulthood. On the other end of the human lifetime scale, the importance of maternal nutrition expands into the time period before conception: Pre-conception nutritional status not only influences fertility, but also embryogenesis and life-long health. Predisposition for coronary heart diseases, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can be caused by intrauterine adaptations to fetal malnutrition. Hence, optimizing nutrition for women during their reproductive period can be expected to have a great impact on the well being of the next generation. This workshop dealt with the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal growth, metabolic programming, energy and nutrient requirements, as well as under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy. Finally, it addressed the question of whether a distinct diet during pregnancy could reduce food allergy in the progeny. This book is a valuable and complete source of knowledge for all professionals involved in pediatrics, nutrition policy, womens health, immunology, epidemiology and public health.

The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health

Author : Ekaterina Maslova
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039219960
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health by : Ekaterina Maslova

Download or read book The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health written by Ekaterina Maslova and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.

Maternal Diet and Offspring Health

Author : Clare Marie Reynolds
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889748979
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Maternal Diet and Offspring Health by : Clare Marie Reynolds

Download or read book Maternal Diet and Offspring Health written by Clare Marie Reynolds and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Maternal and Child Nutrition

Author : Jatinder Bhatia
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318023876
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Maternal and Child Nutrition by : Jatinder Bhatia

Download or read book Maternal and Child Nutrition written by Jatinder Bhatia and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to prevent and manage low birth weight Growth and nutrition during the fetal period and the first 24 months after birth are important determinants of development in early childhood. Optimal nutrition and health care of both the mother and infant during these first 1000 days of an infant's life are closely linked to growth, learning potential and neurodevelopment, in turn affecting long-term outcomes. Children with low birth weight do not only include premature babies, but also those with intrauterine growth restrictions who consequently have a very high risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the future. Epidemiology, epigenetic programming, the correct nutrition strategy and monitoring of outcomes are thus looked at carefully in this book. More specifically, two important nutritional issues are dealt with in depth: The first being the prevention of low birth weight, starting with the health of adolescent girls, through the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy stages and ending with lactation. The second point of focus concerns the nutritional follow-up and feeding opportunities in relation to dietary requirements of children with low birth weight.

Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Author : Michael E. Symonds
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521887097
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation by : Michael E. Symonds

Download or read book Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation written by Michael E. Symonds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the aim to improve clinicians' understanding of the important effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development, Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation defines the nutritional requirements with regard to the stage of development and growth, placing scientific developments into clinical context.

The Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition on the Growth, Development, and Metabolism of Offspring

Author : Sambhu Muraleedharan Pillai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition on the Growth, Development, and Metabolism of Offspring by : Sambhu Muraleedharan Pillai

Download or read book The Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition on the Growth, Development, and Metabolism of Offspring written by Sambhu Muraleedharan Pillai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can lead to intrauterine growth restriction resulting negative impacts on the growth development and metabolism of the offspring. Specifically, poor maternal nutrition during gestation will lead to a reduction in muscle and bone content, increase adiposity and alter organ development in offspring. Although studies have elucidated the impacts of poor maternal nutrition on multiple tissues at different time points in the life of offspring, the potential mechanisms behind these alterations need to be studied in detail. We hypothesized that maternal under- and over-nutrition during gestation in sheep will 1) alter the development of muscle, bone, adipose and vital organs in offspring 2) impact the proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and 3) alter the expression of key genes and novel pathways involved in the prenatal muscle. To test these hypotheses, two independent in-vivo experiments were conducted using sheep as a model. In the first study, thirty-six pregnant ewes were individually housed and randomly assigned to one of three diets (100%, 60%, or 140% of National Research Council (NRC) requirements for TDN) at d 31 Â± 1.3 of gestation. Lambs from these ewes were euthanized within 24 hours of birth and 3 months of age to obtain samples to conduct further studies. Maternal diet negatively affected offspring MSC by reducing proliferation 50 % and reducing mitochondrial metabolic activity (P â‰¤ 0.04). In the second in-vivo study, eighty-two pregnant ewes were individually housed and randomly assigned to one of three diets (100%, 60%, or 140% of NRC requirements for TDN) at d 30 Â± 0.2 of gestation. Lambs from these ewes were euthanized at different time points of gestation and at birth to obtain the samples to conduct further studies. Although no significant interactions of diet by day of gestation and main effect of poor maternal nutrition were observed for fiber CSA of Longissimus muscle, semitendinosus (STN), and triceps brachii (TB) (P â‰¥ 0.28), there was a significant main effect of time on the fiber CSA of LM, STN, and TB (P â‰¤ 0.0001). Samples from longissimus dorsi were used to perform transcriptome analysis to evaluate the differential gene expression. Data from transcriptome analysis found alterations in the expression of genes involved in epigenetic regulation and cell signaling as a result of exposure to poor maternal nutrition (q â‰¤ 0.05). In conclusion, poor maternal nutrition affects the growth and development of organs, adipose and muscles through different mechanisms. The potential mechanisms that were identified as a part of these studies were alterations in the gene expression and stem cell functions. Future studies are needed to identify the role of epigenetic modifications as a potential mechanism behind the observed impacts of poor maternal nutrition in offspring.

The Urban Child Institute CANDLE Study

Author : Lisa Sontag-Padilla
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Urban Child Institute CANDLE Study by : Lisa Sontag-Padilla

Download or read book The Urban Child Institute CANDLE Study written by Lisa Sontag-Padilla and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the study design and summary data from the first year of data collection for the Urban Child Institute Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood Study: participant demographics, prenatal and birth measures; child and family health and nutrition; mothers' mental and behavioral health; and cognitive performance, psychosocial measures, and biological samples for mothers and children.

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309317029
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.

Stem Cell Heterogeneity

Author : Kursad Turksen
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493965496
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (654 download)

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Book Synopsis Stem Cell Heterogeneity by : Kursad Turksen

Download or read book Stem Cell Heterogeneity written by Kursad Turksen and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the variety of studies and data that have suggested the existence of heterogeneous populations or subpopulations of stem cells, this detailed volume examines different aspects of stem cell heterogeneity. This goes against the long-held tenet that stem cells, defined by their capacity for self-renewal and lineage development, comprised a homogenous population, thus providing the reader with a new avenue of exploration into the complex world of stem cell study. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for investigators exploring this important area of research.

The Effect of Poor Maternal Nutrition on the Growth and Development of Offspring

Author : Maria L. Hoffman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Poor Maternal Nutrition on the Growth and Development of Offspring by : Maria L. Hoffman

Download or read book The Effect of Poor Maternal Nutrition on the Growth and Development of Offspring written by Maria L. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8)

Author : Donald A. P. Bundy
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464804397
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) by : Donald A. P. Bundy

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) written by Donald A. P. Bundy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.

Handbook of Life Course Health Development

Author : Neal Halfon
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319471430
Total Pages : 667 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Life Course Health Development by : Neal Halfon

Download or read book Handbook of Life Course Health Development written by Neal Halfon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.

Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Author : Peter D. Gluckman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198722702
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding by : Peter D. Gluckman

Download or read book Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding written by Peter D. Gluckman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining the practical implications of new discoveries in 'life-course biology', Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is an informed resource on factors that affect offspring development. The impact of parental lifestyle and behavioural choices influence not only fetal development and birth outcomes, but also postnatal development, yet guidance on appropriate diet, behaviour, and exposures during pregnancy is often confusing and contradictory. With accessible explanations of the latest scientific research, and clear summaries and recommendations, this book is a valuable and authoritative guide for all levels of health care providers. The authors provide an overview of the background evidence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices prior to and during pregnancy. In-depth discussions of nutritional and lifestyle factors that impact on pregnancy and offspring outcomes are based on the latest research and exploration of key scientific studies. Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is a manual offering both scientific and clinical evidence to empower health care providers and ensure they have the information necessary to confidently care for prospective and new parents.

Importance of Growth for Health and Development

Author : Alan Lucas
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 380559304X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Importance of Growth for Health and Development by : Alan Lucas

Download or read book Importance of Growth for Health and Development written by Alan Lucas and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth is universally used by health care professionals and caregivers to judge the physical condition of babies and children: poor growth in early life has a negative impact on cognitive development and morbidity, whereas rapid and excessive growth is associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease. This publication explores in some detail the relationship between early growth patterns and later neurodevelopment, obesity, cardiovascular outcomes and longevity in both industrialzed and semi-industrialized societies. It consists of three parts that each deals with a specific topic: The first part focuses on the connection between early growth and obesity and cardiovascular outcomes. The next section concentrates on the interrelationship between growth and neurological development, and the last part is dedicated to the control as assessment of physical growth. Bringing together the expert opinions of outstanding clinicians and scientists, this book will be of particular value for pediatricians, public health scientists and epidemiologists.

Nutrition During Pregnancy

Author : Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309076760
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition During Pregnancy by : Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation

Download or read book Nutrition During Pregnancy written by Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-01-15 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Part I of Nutrition During Pregnancy, the authors call for revisions in recommended weight gains for pregnant women. They explore relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight for height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother. They present specific target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. Part II addresses vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy, examining the adequacy of diet in meeting nutrient needs during pregnancy and recommending specific amounts of supplements for special circumstances. It also covers the effects of caffeine, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine use and presents specific research recommendations.

Early Life Nutrition and Future Health

Author : Kristin Connor
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039282506
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Life Nutrition and Future Health by : Kristin Connor

Download or read book Early Life Nutrition and Future Health written by Kristin Connor and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequity starts before birth and is programmed in part by nutritional exposures. If these exposures occur around the time of conception, during pregnancy, and/or in infancy or childhood (all critical periods of development) they may alter a child’s health trajectory and impact risk for impaired cognition and learning, and cardiometabolic, immune, and neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. This Special Issue on “Early Life Nutrition and Future Health” has the following aims: 1) understand the origins of offspring health inequities from an early nutritional perspective; 2) uncover new insights into the environmental, biological, and social mechanisms that underpin these health outcomes in offspring; and 3) present novel targets and approaches to optimise health trajectories and prevent chronic diseases and disorders in later life and across generations. The research projects included herein highlight novel mechanistic, epidemiologic, and intervention studies that target key windows where nutrition has the greatest influence on future health (preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods) and that explore vulnerable populations and animal models of early life nutritional programming.