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The Effects Of Inorganic And Organic Soil Amendments On Nitrogen Cycle Components And Nitrogen Distribution In Broccoli Crop Systems
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Inorganic and Organic Soil Amendments on Nitrogen Cycle Components and Nitrogen Distribution in Broccoli Crop Systems by : Marc Allan Buchanan
Download or read book The Effects of Inorganic and Organic Soil Amendments on Nitrogen Cycle Components and Nitrogen Distribution in Broccoli Crop Systems written by Marc Allan Buchanan and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences by : Florida Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences written by Florida Academy of Sciences and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Soil Organic Carbon Amendments on Nitrogen Dynamics After Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Italica) Production by : Katelyn Congreves
Download or read book The Effect of Soil Organic Carbon Amendments on Nitrogen Dynamics After Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Italica) Production written by Katelyn Congreves and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Florida Scientist written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil by : Rahul Datta
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil written by Rahul Datta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-24 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several textbooks and edited volumes are currently available on general soil fertility but‚ to date‚ none have been dedicated to the study of “Sustainable Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil.” Yet this aspect is extremely important, considering the fact that the soil, as the ‘epidermis of the Earth’ (geodermis)‚ is a major component of the terrestrial biosphere. This book addresses virtually every aspect of C and N cycling, including: general concepts on the diversity of microorganisms and management practices for soil, the function of soil’s structure-function-ecosystem, the evolving role of C and N, cutting-edge methods used in soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, the role of organic matter (OM) in agricultural productivity, C and N transformation in soil, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and its genetics, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), PGPRs and their role in sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, etc. The book’s main objectives are: (1) to explain in detail the role of C and N cycling in sustaining agricultural productivity and its importance to sustainable soil management; (2) to show readers how to restore soil health with C and N; and (3) to help them understand the matching of C and N cycling rules from a climatic perspective. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students of soil science, soil microbiology, agronomy, ecology, and the environmental sciences. Gathering cutting-edge contributions from internationally respected researchers, it offers authoritative content on a broad range of topics, which is supplemented by a wealth of data, tables, figures, and photographs. Moreover, it provides a roadmap for sustainable approaches to food and nutritional security, and to soil sustainability in agricultural systems, based on C and N cycling in soil systems.
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Compost as a Preplant Fertilizer in Strawberry Production by : Janet Lois Caprile
Download or read book The Evaluation of Compost as a Preplant Fertilizer in Strawberry Production written by Janet Lois Caprile and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Nitrogen Management with Cover Crops in Organic Broccoli Production by : Amy Michelle Garrett
Download or read book Improving Nitrogen Management with Cover Crops in Organic Broccoli Production written by Amy Michelle Garrett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legume cover crops can serve as important sources of nitrogen (N) in sustainable agriculture and can be economically beneficial when fertilizer inputs are reduced without a yield reduction. Synchronizing N mineralization from organic materials with the needs of the subsequent crop is a challenge for organic growers. Predicting plant available nitrogen from cover crop residue enables N fertilizer inputs to be adjusted for optimum economic yield and reduced environmental risk. An experiment was conducted near Corvallis, OR in 2006 through 2008 to evaluate cover crop and N effects in organic broccoli production in western Oregon. The specific objectives of this experiment were to: 1) evaluate biomass production and N accumulation from selected cover crop treatments; 2) compare the effects of selected cover crops grown as sole crops and as mixtures on broccoli yield, yield components, and net economic benefit; 3) estimate the quantity of feather meal N replaced by cover crops 4) estimate plant available nitrogen from cover crop residue in an organic broccoli production system; 5) evaluate soil NO3−N and petiole NO3−N as predictors of broccoli yield; and 6) evaluate models derived from laboratory incubation of cover crop residue to predict apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) from cover crop residue in the field. The cover crop treatments included common vetch (Vicia sativa), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), 'Monida' oats (Avena sativa L.), phacelia plus common vetch, and 'Monida' oats plus common vetch. A fallow treatment was used as the control. Prior to incorporation, cover crop samples were collected from each block and frozen for later use in laboratory aerobic incubations. After the cover crops were flail-mowed and incorporated, four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha−1) were randomized within each cover crop treatment in a split plot design. All cover crop treatments produced much less biomass and accumulated less N in 2008 than in 2007. Planting vetch with oats or phacelia increased biomass production and N accumulation compared to sole crops in 2007 but not in 2008. Common vetch as a sole crop or in a mixture increased broccoli yield with 0 and 100 kg N ha−1 applied compared to fallow. Legume cover crop mixtures with 100 kg N ha−1 produced similar net economic returns for organic compared to fallow treatments with 300 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer input can be reduced by at least 100 kg N ha−1 if common vetch is in the mixture and produces more than 5000 kg ha−1 of biomass (130-180 kg N ha−1). Vetch as a sole crop produced higher levels of soil NO3−N than the fallow treatments up to 80 days after soil incorporation in 2007. Oats and phacelia as sole crops, however, reduced soil NO3−N compared to fallow for up to 68 days after incorporation. Vetch mixtures with oats or phacelia produced intermediate levels of soil NO3−N between vetch as a sole crop and the fallow. Treatment effects were similar in 2008, but differences were less due to reduced cover crop biomass compared to 2007. Broccoli petiole nitrate levels were not affected by cover crop treatment in 2007, and there was no correlation with yield. In 2008, the oat cover crop treatment reduced broccoli petiole nitrate levels compared to the fallow. Petiole nitrate levels were strongly correlated with broccoli yield, with highest yields associated with petiole NO3− N greater than 10,000 ppm. In the aerobic incubations with cover crop mixtures, a quadratic model described the relationship of percent N in the mixture to the apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) at both 4 and 10 weeks. The highest ANR (about 40 percent) was similar for both extraction days. Net mineralization occurred when the percent N of the cover crop mixture was 1.5-1.8 percent. There was a strong correlation in 2007 between the ANR predicted by the incubation-derived model and the ANR in the soil and in the aboveground broccoli biomass. The model over predicted the ANR in the field soil, however the model more accurately predicted ANR in the broccoli biomass. The incubation model correctly predicted negative ANR values for the oat and phacelia cover-crop treatments. In 2008, the laboratory-predicted ANR and the field soil ANR were correlated (r2=.45), and the laboratory model over predicted the field ANR. The incubation model gave a poor prediction of broccoli biomass ANR.
Book Synopsis Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle by : Arvin Mosier
Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
Book Synopsis Soil Amendments and Environmental Quality by : Jack E. Rechcigl
Download or read book Soil Amendments and Environmental Quality written by Jack E. Rechcigl and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-09-25 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive and balanced overview of soil amendments and their effect on the environment. It encompasses both positive and negative aspects of chemical fertilizers that supply nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, lime, micronutrients, and trace metals. Pros and cons are discussed with respect to the optimal and the most environmentally sound use of soil amendments, and guidance is provided on how to minimize the environmental effects of amendments. Natural fertilizers, including manure, sludge, fly ash, phosphogypsum, and byproduct gypsum are also discussed. Alternative agronomic practices and biotechnology that ameliorate or minimize potential adverse effects of fertilizer use are examined in detail. This authoritative and up-to-date treatise is multidisciplinary in nature and international in scope, a powerful reference tool for researchers, a thorough guide for practitioners and policy makers, and an excellent text book for academic courses.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soils and Crops by : Bo D. Pettersson
Download or read book Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soils and Crops written by Bo D. Pettersson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Cycling in Agroecosystems by : Meagan Erin Schipanski
Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in Agroecosystems written by Meagan Erin Schipanski and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legume-based cropping systems have the potential to improve nitrogen (N) retention and use efficiency in comparison with fertilizer-based systems, yet we lack an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in these agroecosystems. My research objectives were to investigate: 1) the effects of legumebased management on soil organic matter (SOM) pools; 2) the effects of a SOM-based fertility gradient on BNF; and 3) how plant phenology and species interactions affect BNF across the fertility gradient. Research plots were established on grain farm fields in New York in 2004 and 2006. Fields represented a fertility gradient due to soil type and management differences, ranging from exclusive use of Haber-Bosch N to almost exclusive use of legumes. I estimated BNF of soybean (Glycine max), field pea (Pisum sativum), and perennial red clover (Trifolium pratense) using the 15N natural abundance method. Soil N pools were quantified ranging in microbial accessibility from extremely labile to primarily recalcitrant pools. Legume-based systems had greater quantity and quality of labile SOM pools, compared to fertilizer-based systems. I found weak evidence of soil N availability inhibiting BNF despite a more than 2-fold range in SOM pools across study sites. This suggests that N mineralization from SOM pools represented a much smaller N flux than N fertilizer levels used in past BNF studies. Complementary, facilitative and competitive interactions influenced BNF in species mixtures. Relay cropping of frost-seeded clover into winter grains increased clover % N from fixation due to the short period of competitive species interactions while retaining high biomass production due to the period of monoculture growth following grain harvest. The longer growth period of perennials may have increased their ability to respond to environmental conditions through feedback mechanisms. Perennial mixtures outyielded their corresponding monocultures and I found evidence for facilitative N transfer from legumes to grasses in perennial, but not annual mixtures. Monoculture red clover biomass yield was more stable across field sites than the other plant treatments. These results suggest that the integration of perennials and species mixtures into rotations could increase BNF inputs while also improving overall agroecosystem N cycling efficiency and yield stability.
Book Synopsis Effects of Organic Amendments, Fertilizer Nitrogen, Time, and Cropping Sequence on the Mineralization of Soil Organic Nitrogen by : Jose Antonio Mora R
Download or read book Effects of Organic Amendments, Fertilizer Nitrogen, Time, and Cropping Sequence on the Mineralization of Soil Organic Nitrogen written by Jose Antonio Mora R and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inorganic Nitrogen and Soil Biological Dynamics in Cover Crop Systems by : Susan Muna Kauffman
Download or read book Inorganic Nitrogen and Soil Biological Dynamics in Cover Crop Systems written by Susan Muna Kauffman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling to Plant-soil-microbial Interactions at the Field-, Soil Pedon-, and Micro-scales Within Long-term Conventional, Low-input, and Organic Cropping Systems by :
Download or read book Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling to Plant-soil-microbial Interactions at the Field-, Soil Pedon-, and Micro-scales Within Long-term Conventional, Low-input, and Organic Cropping Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the greatly increased productive capacity of current-day cropping systems, the shortcomings associated with conventional, high-intensity cropping systems and the growing threat of global climate change, warrant the identification of crop management practices that promote long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity. Unlike conventional cropping practices, which include synthetic nitrogen and pesticide use, alternative crop management practices, e.g., cover cropping, tillage reduction, organic amendment additions, and reducing or eliminating synthetic fertilizer use, have emerged as integrated and ecologically sound approaches to enhance agroecosystem functioning and services. Yet, mechanisms governing the differences in soil quality and crop yields among alternative cropping systems and conventional systems remain unclear. The aim of this dissertation study was to understand and quantify the mechanisms governing the relationship between carbon and nitrogen cycling and the interactions between plants, soil, and microorganisms within long-term conventional (annual synthetic fertilizer), low-input (alternating synthetic fertilizer and cover crop additions), and organic (annual manure- and cover crop additions) cropping systems, at the field-, soil pedon-, and micro-scales. A multi-scaled approach, including agronomic experiments, stable isotopes (13C and 15N), soil fractionation techniques, and microbiological analyses (e.g., functional gene quantification and phospholipid fatty acid assays), was employed to study mechanisms of soil carbon and nitrogen stabilization and loss and to draw links between microbial populations and carbon and nitrogen processing across different agroecosystems. Data from this research only partly corroborated the global hypothesis: the effects of long-term, low-input crop management enhance microbial-mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in different soil microenvironments and optimize the balance between carbon and nitrogen stabilization and loss compared to the conventional and organic cropping systems. Only a weak relationship between short-term microbial community structure and long-term carbon and nitrogen sequestration was found across the three cropping systems. The conclusion drawn is that the effects of long-term crop management are dictated by complex trade-offs between soil carbon and nitrogen stabilization, microbial abundance and activity, nitrogen losses, crop productivity, and the quantity and quality of carbon and nitrogen inputs in alternative cropping systems.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Chemical Fumigation and Biofumigation on the Soil Nitrogen Cycle, Soil Respiration, and the Soil Microbial Community by : Louise Sennett
Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Fumigation and Biofumigation on the Soil Nitrogen Cycle, Soil Respiration, and the Soil Microbial Community written by Louise Sennett and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical fumigation and biofumigation are used to reduce soil-borne diseases in potato crop production systems. However, soil fumigation may impact non-targeted soil microorganisms, consequently altering essential soil processes. In a first microcosm experiment, chemical fumigation with chloropicrin (CP) or metam sodium (MS) either used alone or combined with an organic amendment (OA) and biofumigation with mustard plant residues were assessed for their effects on key soil nitrogen (N) processes, the abundance of N-related microorganisms, and soil bacterial diversity. Biofumigation did not affect net N mineralization, nitrification, or nitrifier and denitrifier abundance, but increased denitrification. Chemical fumigation used alone did not affect net N mineralization. All chemical fumigant treatments inhibited nitrification and decreased nitrifier abundance compared to biofumigation. Only CP fumigation decreased denitrifier abundance. Biofumigation transiently decreased bacterial evenness at early time points. Conversely, CP fumigation had an enduring impact on bacterial diversity, decreasing species evenness and yielding the most dissimilar community. Unexpectedly, MS fumigation combined with an OA delayed the flux of soil respiration compared to amended non-fumigated soil, indicating chemical fumigation may impact plant residue decomposition. This was further investigated in a second microcosm experiment, in which chemical fumigation (with CP or MS) combined with an OA of contrasting carbon (C) availability were assessed for their effects on soil respiration, soil inorganic N concentrations, and soil bacterial and fungal diversity. When combined with an OA, chemical fumigation decreased soil respiration, regardless of C availability, and apparent plant residue decomposition compared to amended non-fumigated soil. Chemical fumigation with MS only affected bacterial diversity when combined with a labile OA. MS fumigation did not affect fungal diversity. Chemical fumigation with CP used alone or combined with an OA decreased bacterial and fungal species richness and evenness and yielded the most dissimilar bacterial and fungal community compared to all other treatments. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that 1) chemical fumigation had a greater impact on the soil N cycle, N-related microorganisms, and bacterial diversity than biofumigation, and 2) chemical fumigation reduced soil respiration, indicative of reduced OA decomposition, and altered microbial diversity regardless of soil OA or C availability.
