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The Effects Of Hypoxia And Exercise On Physiological And Cognitive Performance
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Book Synopsis Committee on Military Nutrition Research by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Committee on Military Nutrition Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.
Book Synopsis Exercise and Cognitive Function by : Terry McMorris
Download or read book Exercise and Cognitive Function written by Terry McMorris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and cognition, a very timely and important topic with major theoretical and practical implications for a number of areas including ageing, neurorehabilitation, depression and dementia. It brings together a wide range of analytical approaches and experimental results to provide a very useful overview and synthesis of this growing field of study. The book is divided into three parts: Part I covers the conceptual, theoretical and methodological underpinnings and issues. Part II focuses on advances in exercise and cognition research, with appropriate sub-sections on ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ exercise and cognition. Part III presents an overview of the area and makes suggestions for the direction of future research. This text provides a cutting-edge examination of this increasingly important area written by leading experts from around the world. The book will prove invaluable to researchers and practitioners in a number of fields, including exercise science, cognitive science, neuroscience and clinical medicine. Key Features: Unique in-depth investigation of the relationship between physical exercise and brain function. Covers theoretical approaches and experimental results and includes chapters on the latest developments in research design. Examines the effects of both acute and chronic exercise on brain function. International list of contributors, who are leading researchers in their field.
Book Synopsis Respiratory Muscle Training by : Alison McConnell
Download or read book Respiratory Muscle Training written by Alison McConnell and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is the world's first book to provide an "everything-you-need-to-know" guide to respiratory muscle training (RMT). Authored by an internationally-acclaimed expert, it is an evidence-based resource, built upon current scientific knowledge, as well as experience at the cutting-edge of respiratory training in a wide range of settings. The aim of the book is to give readers: 1) an introduction to respiratory physiology and exercise physiology, as well as training theory; 2) an understanding of how disease affects the respiratory muscles and the mechanics of breathing; 3) an insight into the disease-specific, evidence-based benefits of RMT; 4) advice on the application of RMT as a standalone treatment, and as part of a rehabilitation programme; and finally, 5) guidance on the application of functional training techniques to RMT. The book is divided into two parts – theory and practice. Part I provides readers with access to the theoretical building blocks that support practice. It explores the evidence base for RMT as well as the different methods of training respiratory muscles and their respective efficacy. Part II guides the reader through the practical implementation of the most widely validated form of RMT, namely inspiratory muscle resistance training. Finally, over 150 "Functional" RMT exercises are described, which incorporate a stability and/or postural challenge – and address specific movements that provoke dyspnoea. Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is supported by a dedicated website (www.physiobreathe.com), which provides access to the latest information on RMT, as well as video clips of all exercises described in the book. Purchasers will also receive a three-month free trial of the Physiotec software platform (via www.physiotec.ca), which allows clinicians to create bespoke training programmes (including video clips) that can be printed or emailed to patients. - Introductory overviews of respiratory and exercise physiology, as well as training theory - Comprehensive, up-to-date review of respiratory muscle function, breathing mechanics and RMT - Analysis of the interaction between disease and respiratory mechanics, as well as their independent and combined influence upon exercise tolerance - Analysis of the rationale and application of RMT to over 20 clinical conditions, e.g., COPD, heart failure, obesity, mechanical ventilation - Evidence-based guidance on the implementation of inspiratory muscle resistance training - Over 150 functional exercises that incorporate a breathing challenge - www.physiobreathe.com - access up-to-date information, video clips of exercises and a three-month free trial of Physiotec's RMT exercise module (via www.physiotec.ca)
Book Synopsis Ernsting's Aviation and Space Medicine 5E by : David Gradwell
Download or read book Ernsting's Aviation and Space Medicine 5E written by David Gradwell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ernsting's Aviation and Space Medicine applies current understanding in medicine, physiology and the behavioural sciences to the medical challenges and stresses that are faced by both civil and military aircrew, and their passengers, on a daily basis. The fifth edition of this established textbook has been revised and updated by a multi-disciplinar
Author :Committee on Military Nutrition Research Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309556775 Total Pages :585 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments by : Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Download or read book Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments written by Committee on Military Nutrition Research and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-29 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.
Download or read book Intermittent Hypoxia written by Lei Xi and published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In consolidation of the most updated experimental results and perspectives from diverse research fields on a main theme - Intermittent Hypoxia, this book encompasses the structural, physiological, pathophysiological, biochemical, genetic, metabolic, and therapeutic aspects of intermittent hypoxia and provides an open forum to promote the bench-to-bed translational implications of both adaptive (beneficial) and maladaptive (detrimental) responses to intermittent hypoxia in animals and humans. Authored by 74 leading scientists from 17 countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceana, the 30 chapters are grouped under 7 different sections covering the profound effects of intermittent hypoxia particularly on cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and skeletal muscular systems. Special attentions are paid to the protective or injurious roles played by intermittent hypoxia and their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in several major human diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, sleep apnea, and Parkinsons disease. Several chapters have also reviewed the use of intermittent hypoxia training for enhancing exercise performance in elite athletes. Overall, as endorsed by Professor John B. West (Member, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences of U.S.A.; Editor-in-Chief, High Altitude Medicine and Biology) through his Foreword for the book, this is the most comprehensive monograph to date on the topic of intermittent hypoxia, which can cause significant structural and functional impact on the systemic, organic, cellular and molecular processes of human physiology and pathophysiology. Hence, this book could serve as a thorough reference for research scientists, physicians, academic faculty, graduate and medical students, athletic coaches and trainers, who are interested in enhancing their knowledge about the past, present, and future of intermittent hypoxia research and its translational applications for prevention and treatment of major diseases and improving exercise performance.
Book Synopsis Exercise-Cognition Interaction by : Terry McMorris
Download or read book Exercise-Cognition Interaction written by Terry McMorris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives is the only book on the market that examines the neuroscientific correlation between exercise and cognitive functioning. The upsurge in research in recent years has confirmed that cognitive-psychology theory cannot account for the effects of exercise on cognition, and both acute and chronic exercise effect neurochemical and psychophysiological changes in the brain that, in turn, affect cognitive functioning. This book provides an overview of the research into these effects, from theoretical research through current studies that emphasize neuroscientific theories and rationales. It addition, users will find a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases, including schizophrenia, diabetes, and an array of neurological disorders. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book will be the go-to resource for neuroscientists, psychologists, medical professionals, and other researchers who need an understanding of the role exercise plays in cognitive functioning. - Provides a comprehensive account of how exercise affects brain functioning, which in turn affects cognition - Covers both theory and empirical research - Presents a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases - Examines neurochemical, psychophysiological, and genetic factors - Covers acute and chronic exercise
Book Synopsis Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology by : Stephen S. Cheung
Download or read book Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology written by Stephen S. Cheung and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2022 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Short, factual description of the book (summary of what it includes, without subjective or promotional language.) This book, for upper undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in the field, is used to provide an overview of how the environment impacts exercise"--
Book Synopsis Physiological and Pathological Responses to Hypoxia and High Altitude by : Rodrigo Iturriaga
Download or read book Physiological and Pathological Responses to Hypoxia and High Altitude written by Rodrigo Iturriaga and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The appearance of photosynthetic organisms about 3 billion years ago increased the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the atmosphere and enabled the evolution of organisms that use glucose and oxygen to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia is commonly defined as the reduced availability of oxygen in the tissues produced by different causes, which include reduction of atmospheric PO2 as in high altitude, and secondary to pathological conditions such as sleep breathing and pulmonary disorders, anemia, and cardiovascular alterations leading to inadequate transport, delivery, and exchange of oxygen between capillaries and cells. Nowadays, it has been shown that hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis of several human pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, myocardial and cerebral diseases in fetal, young and adult life. Several mechanisms have evolved to maintain oxygen homeostasis. Certainly, all cells respond and adapt to hypoxia, but only a few of them can detect hypoxia and initiate a cascade of signals intended to produce a functional systemic response. In mammals, oxygen detection mechanisms have been extensively studied in erythropoietin-producing cells, chromaffin cells, bulbar and cortical neurons, pulmonary neuroepithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries, and chemoreceptor cells. While the precise mechanism underpinning oxygen, sensing is not completely known several molecular entities have been proposed as possible oxygen sensors (i.e. Hem proteins, ion channels, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase). Remarkably, cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mediated by the master oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which can induce up-regulation of different genes to cope the cellular effects related to a decrease in oxygen levels. Short-term responses to hypoxia included mainly chemoreceptor-mediated reflex ventilatory and hemodynamic adaptations to manage the low oxygen concentration while more prolonged exposures to hypoxia can elicit more sustained physiological responses including switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, vascularization, and enhancement of blood O2 carrying capacity. The focus of this research topic is to provide an up-to-date vision on the current knowledge on oxygen sensing mechanism, physiological responses to acute or chronic hypoxia and cellular/tissue/organ adaptations to hypoxic environment.
Book Synopsis Progress in Brain Research by : J. P. Schadé
Download or read book Progress in Brain Research written by J. P. Schadé and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cerebral Circulation by : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author :Stephen Glass (Ph. D.) Publisher :Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 13 :9780781742382 Total Pages :132 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis ACSM's Metabolic Calculations Handbook by : Stephen Glass (Ph. D.)
Download or read book ACSM's Metabolic Calculations Handbook written by Stephen Glass (Ph. D.) and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a step-by-step approach to using metabolic equations, from basic math principles to applying the equations to an exercise plan. Chapters focus separately on each equation, provide an easy-to-follow process of solving, and demonstrate the varied uses of the equation in clinical as well as fitness settings. Each chapter includes a set of problems that focus on real-world applications of the equation. Step-by-step problem solution explanations are provided at the end of each chapter. A comprehensive exam at the end of the book tests the reader's skill in using the equations.
Book Synopsis Social Psychology in Sport by : Louise Davis
Download or read book Social Psychology in Sport written by Louise Davis and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Psychology in Sport, Second Edition, offers global perspectives and a broad base of knowledge in areas that shape the social environment of sport. The text guides readers through the interactions, relationships, influences, and perceptions that affect sport performance and the lived experience of sport participation. Athlete relationships with coaches, parents, and peers are examined in depth. Editors Louise Davis, Richard Keegan, and Sophia Jowett offer their expert knowledge and diverse perspectives regarding social relationships in competitive sport at every level. Through the contributions of an international group of established scholars, Social Psychology in Sport, Second Edition, explains how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of sport performers are influenced by the presence of others. The second edition offers a broad range of topics, with theoretical, empirical, and applied perspectives of social psychology. Trending topics such as the maltreatment of athletes, parental involvement, and safe sport cultures are addressed. The text also covers established areas of interest such as group dynamics and coach–athlete relationships. Each chapter follows a progression, starting with theory and then moving to current research, future research directions, and suggested practical applications. This chapter structure helps readers to build a foundation of understanding before moving on to application benefits. Chapter objectives and discussion questions are provided to aid in knowledge retention. Social Psychology in Sport, Second Edition, explores the growing field of social psychology in sport settings, offering a broad base of knowledge alongside practical application and areas for further research. This text is a comprehensive resource for students and researchers interested in the psychosocial aspects of sport.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Military Psychology by : Reuven Gal
Download or read book Handbook of Military Psychology written by Reuven Gal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The military must evaluate large numbers of people, screen out the unfit, select individuals with needed abilities, and place people in the jobs most appropriate both to their skills and to military needs. Military personnel, of all sorts, must be trained and prepared for warfare. Individuals have to be led and motivated and units must maintain high morale and cohesion in order to achieve their missions. Furthermore, military missions are frequently carried out under most stressful conditions and usually require strenuous adjustment between human capabilities and weapon-systems' peculiarities. These characteristics of military organization all have their psychological aspects. This comprehensive handbook will be an essential tool for military psychologists, trainers and leaders dealing with these aspects. It will also be of interest to both practitioners and researchers working in the field of occupational and industrial psychology, and for those working in personnel management.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Affective Wellbeing by : Chong Chen
Download or read book The Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Affective Wellbeing written by Chong Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders by : Igor Grant
Download or read book Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Igor Grant and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 1996 survey of the members of the American Board of Professional Psychology Diplomates, published by The Clinical Neuropsychologist journal, selected the first edition of this book as one of the "Essential Books and Journals in North American Clinical Neuropsychology"--a list which included only 10 other titles! The Second Edition has improved further on this high standard. While the authors have retained the same general structure--with the addition of a set of three chapters on psychosocial outcomes--virtually the entire book has been rewritten and thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments in this area of knowledge. Part I features new chapters on the Iowa-Benton approach, on cognitive screening methods, and on computers and memory. Part II has been expanded with new chapters on Tourette's syndrome, acute and chronic hypoxemia, HIV infection, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, and an expanded chapter on Parkinson's disease. Part III is entirely new, and it focuses on life quality outcome in head injury and pulmonary disease. Considerably enlarged in size, this book will remain the basic reference on the neuropsychological aspects of diseases affecting brain and behavior.
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks by : Olivier Girard
Download or read book High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
