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Author : John Terrig Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (59 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Extracellular Matrix Components on Chondrocyte Gene Expression written by John Terrig Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Monique Adolphe
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351463934
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Biological Regulation of the Chondrocytes written by Monique Adolphe and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Regulation of the Chondrocytes provides a comprehensive examination of the various regulations in which cartilaginous cells are involved. The book's introductory chapter provides an overview of the different types of chondrocyte, while following chapters discuss the various biological regulations implicated in chondrocyte functions, especially the modulation of differentiative properties. Chapters 2 and 3 examine the extracellular matrix components, and Chapter 4 discusses the special case of cultured chondrocytes and the usefulness of in vitro approaches. The following three chapters focus on the complex role of cartilaginous growth factors and cytokines (FGF, TGFB, IGF, and IL1) on the modulation of the chondrocyte properties. Chapter 9 discusses the synoviocyte, and the last four chapters examine the biochemical and molecular perturbations that appear during repair, aging, rheumatic disease, and cancer. Biological Regulation of the Chondrocytes will benefit rheumatologists, pharmaceutical researchers, physiologists, connective tissue specialists, and students and other researchers in the osteoarticular field.
Author : Peter M. Royce
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471461172
Total Pages : 1201 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (714 download)
Download or read book Connective Tissue and Its Heritable Disorders written by Peter M. Royce and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-14 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Connective Tissue and Its Heritable Disorders: Molecular, Genetic, and Medical Aspects is the definitive reference text in its field, with over 40% more pages on the nature, diagnosis, and treatment of disease than its predecessor. Collecting new research on disorders detailed in the first edition as well as on those previously excluded, editors Peter Royce and Beat Steinmann provide the most up-to-date clinical and scientific information for medical specialists treating affected individuals. Features of this revised and updated volume include detailed reviews of the clinical diagnosis, mode of inheritance, risk of recurrence, and prenatal diagnosis of each inherited connective tissue disorder; a thorough description of the morphology of connective tissues; a completely updated and revised section on the biology of the extracellular matrix; and the addition of syndromes such as craniosyntosis, and disorders of sulfate metabolism.
Author : Andre Kamkin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402064268
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Mechanosensitive Ion Channels written by Andre Kamkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-06 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the latest data dealing with mechanosensitive channels research results. It was compiled by a group of internationally recognized scientists leading in the field of mechanosensitive ion channels or mechanically gated channels and signaling cascades research. Key problems of cell mechanobiology are also discussed. As a whole, the volume dwells on the major issues of mechanical stress influencing the ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways.
Author : Douglas W. DeSimone
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642359353
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Extracellular Matrix in Development written by Douglas W. DeSimone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells in the developing embryo depend on signals from the extracellular environment to help guide their differentiation. An important mediator in this process is the extracellular matrix – secreted macromolecules that interact to form large protein networks outside the cell. During development, the extracellular matrix serves to separate adjacent cell groups, participates in establishing morphogenic gradients, and, through its ability to interact directly will cell-surface receptors, provides developmental clocks and positional information. This volume discusses how the extracellular matrix influences fundamental developmental processes and how model systems can be used to elucidate ECM function. The topics addressed range from how ECM influences early development as well as repair processes in the adult that recapitulate developmental pathways.
Author : Jason Scott Rockel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in Chondrocytes written by Jason Scott Rockel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan – Macfarland
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1665595213
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (655 download)
Download or read book Mechanotransduction – Chondroyctye written by Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan – Macfarland and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A seminal and novel finding in a scientific study of Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan MacFarland (Amrit K Macfarland), as Senior Scientist/ Molecular Geneticist, resulted in the discovery of key signalling pathways in chondrocytes (cartilage explants) in response to cyclic and static loading of connective tissues. The work was presented as a first proof in multiple peer reviewed international conferences, in the United Kingdom, United States, most of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The pre-requisite for planning new and novel research experiments and coping with future trends in science is a thorough analysis of the present state of knowledge and in finding new ways of thinking and planning. On this basis, new research hypotheses and strategies will have to be built. This book aims to present a short review of key concepts around Dr MacFarland’s research experiments on signal transduction in diverse systems, such as cancer blood brain barrier studies, coronary heart disease, mechanotranduction mechanisms in connective tissues mainly articular cartilage and meniscus with special attention paid to the reactions of these two tissues, as responses in vitro loading model regimens. The current interest in loading stems from how little we know of the aetiology of osteoarthritis a degenerative joint disease, the most crippling of musculoskeletal disorder and diseases. Signal transduction mechanisms are also examined in endothelial and smooth muscle and the role of cholesterol ester transfer protein in coronary heart disease. The object of Dr MacFarland’s scientific and medical research in signal transduction is ambitious, as both scientific research leading to therapeutic remedies needed high ideals setting goals; to give novel relevant results as was the case of the discovery of the first signalling molecule in her research in a unique biological system, as well as the response of connective tissue cells to mechanical stimulus. Therefore, far off as it may be, the prevention of diseases must be the ultimate objective and the overwhelming character of the problems, compels scientists in specific in the age of nano technology to seek cures and create the means of prevention of the disease. Aspects of her studies show the relevance in high impact sports injuries and daily working conditions, whether they degrade or maintain the health of joints in general, and benefit or harm joints and health. AUTHORHOUSE – ACADEMIC PRESS
Author : Shirley Ayad
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780120689118
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (891 download)
Download or read book The Extracellular Matrix Factsbook written by Shirley Ayad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of The Extracellular Matrix FactsBook has been completely revised, updated and expanded by over 50 percent. It contains over 85 entries on the diverse group of macromolecules that assemble toform the extracellular matrix. Entries provide information on molecular structure, isolation, primary structure, structural and functional sites, gene structure, database accession numbers, and key references. Key Features * Compiled by members of one of the foremost centers of matrix biochemistry in the world * Contains over 30 new entries, with all previous entries being revised and updated * Includes new entries on proteinases involved in the deposition of the extracellular matrix * Presents 3D ribbon diagrams in cases where the protein structure is now known
Download or read book Effect Of Combined Platelet-Rich Plasma And Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes On Chondrocyte Gene Expression written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve as two of the most popular potential therapies to enhance cartilage regeneration. Platelets contain alpha granules that house a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, and other molecules that may potentiate tissue healing. Some studies posit that MSCs exert regenerative effects via paracrine signaling [1] which may be mediated by exosomes. Defined as extracellular vesicles released from the fusion of a cytosolic multivesicular body with the cell membrane, exosomes have been implicated in intracellular communication and molecular transport [2]. Early evidence suggests that MSC-derived exosomes possess chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties [3]. Similarly, PRP has been shown to increase chondrocyte proliferation and gene expression indicative of extracellular matrix (ECM) production [4]. However, no studies have examined the concomitant effects of PRP and MSC-derived exosomes on chondrocyte gene expression in both a neutral and inflammatory environment. It was hypothesized that chondrocytes cultured in a combination of PRP and exosomes would demonstrate enhanced gene expression suggestive of ECM synthesis and decreased inflammation than chondrocytes grown with PRP or exosomes in isolation.METHODS: Articular chondrocytes were harvested from articular surfaces of bovine ankle joints and cultured in DMEM-F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic (AA) solution. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in low-glucose DMEM medium with 15% FBS and 1% AA. Both cell lines were incubated with 5% CO2 at 37u00b0C. PRP was obtained from one healthy donor using a Regen PRP kit. Following a previously published protocol [5], exosomes were obtained from MSCs as a 100K pellet. Chondrocytes were seeded at 50,000 cells/well into 24-well plates. They were partitioned into one control (media only) and five experimental conditions: exosomes alone (Exo), 1% unactivated PRP (1u), 5u, combined exosomes and 1% uPRP (Exo1), and Exo5. Exosomes were added to the appropriate treatment groups at a concentration of 10 u03bcg/ml. All conditions were further allocated into one of two environments: with or without IL-1u03b2 (10 ng/ml) to simulate an osteoarthritic or neutral environment respectively. Following 1 and 3 days, RNA was harvested, isolated, and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Quantitative RT-PCR was then performed (n = 3 per condition), using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the endogenous control, for the following target genes: aggrecan (ACAN), sex-determining region Y box 9 (SOX9), alpha-1 chain of type I collagen (Col1), alpha-1 chain of type II collagen (Col2), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The data were analyzed according to the 2-u0394u0394CT method. Because significant deviations from normality were observed, within-day comparisons across conditions and within-condition comparisons across days were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Conover-Iman post hoc tests. Due to the large number of comparisons performed, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was employed to control the false discovery rate. Significance was determined if p
Author : Brian K. Hall
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849388170
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Cartilage Molecular Aspects written by Brian K. Hall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-06-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartilage plays diverse roles as a definitive supporting tissue in some organs, the basis of low friction surfaces in joints, and a transient morphogenetic template during embryogenesis and repair of the skeleton. The versatility of cartilage is derived from the remarkable material properties of its extracellular matrix, the wide spectrum of regulatory systems that influence the synthesis and degradation of the unique molecular constituents of this matrix, and the development and growth of the cells that produce it. This book touches on each of these areas and provides the first comprehensive reviews of the molecular biology of the genes specifying the collagenous and noncollagenous proteins of the cartilage matrix, as well as the biophysical-chemical properties of the matrix that suits it to the various functions it performs. Up-to-date critical reviews of the mineralization and degradation of cartilage matrix, the roles of polypeptide growth and inducing factors, of ions, in the regulation of cartilage growth and development, and the unique requirements of the energy metabolism of cartilage as a nonvascular tissue, make this volume a useful source for concepts and results for the multiple disciplines that play a part in modern cartilage research.
Author : Irving M. Shapiro
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586032401
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (324 download)
Download or read book The Growth Plate written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence generated by a number of genetic studies indicates that growth is regulated by a number of genes and that interference with their expression can have catastrophic effects on the well being of the whole organism. This work covers skeletal development and growth.
Author : Sara Lynn Zajac
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Interaction of Articular Chondrocytes with Extracellular Matrix Components written by Sara Lynn Zajac and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Susanne Grässel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319458035
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Cartilage written by Susanne Grässel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In three Volumes this mini book series presents current knowledge and new perspectives on cartilage as a specialized yet versatile tissue. This second volume is dedicated to basic pathologies of the two most common osteoarticular diseases affecting large segments of the Western population, osteoarthritis and chondrodysplasias. This book addresses Professors, researchers and PhD students who are interested in musculoskeletal and cartilage biology and pathobiology.
Author : Wai-Kit Tam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781361291856
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (918 download)
Download or read book Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-Alpha (Hif-α) Genes in Chondrogenesis written by Wai-Kit Tam and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-alpha (HIF-α) Genes in Chondrogenesis" by Wai-kit, Tam, 譚偉傑, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Cartilage is an essential skeletal connective tissue in vertebrates. It comprises extracellular matrix components, especially for collagens and proteoglycans. Once the cartilage is damaged, it has limited self-repair capacity. Thus, by understanding the dynamic cellular process of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation would be necessary in developing therapeutic approaches for cartilage repair. Currently, there is a great interest in the development of cell therapy to repair damaged tissues. In particularly, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are attractive candidates for the treatment of skeletal system disorders because they can be greatly expanded ex vivo and they readily differentiate into chondrocytes upon stimulation. Studies have demonstrated low environmental oxygen tension could affect the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The three basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif-containing hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-α) subunits (i.e. HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-3α) are the major oxygen-sensitive transcription factors regulating physiological responses under hypoxia. Of significance, HIF-1α has been reported to induce a hyaline chondrocyte-like phenotype in human articular chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of all three human HIF-α paralogues in chondrogenesis, particularly for the transcriptional regulation of chondrocyte-specific genes, including type II collagen (COL2A1) and aggrecan (AGC1). The effect of all three human HIF-α paralogues on the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs could then be investigated. Self-inactivating lentivirus vector (SIN-LV) shuttle plasmids coding for murine SOX9, wild-type and oxygen-insensitive versions of human HIF-1α and HIF-2α or wild-type HIF-3α were generated. These plasmids were used in luciferase-based promoter assays and to generate SIN-LV particles for overexpression studies. Our data revealed that SOX9, a key transactivator of chondrogenesis, strongly activates the transcription of COL2A1 and AGC1. Ectopic expression of HIF-2α could also induce the transcription of COL2A1 and AGC1. Strikingly, a cooperative transcriptional up-regulation of COL2A1 and AGC1 via the overexpression of HIF-1α and SOX9 was observed. Furthermore, HIF-3α was shown to inhibit the SOX9-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of COL2A1 and AGC1. Here, the multipotency of hMSCs cultured under hypoxia (1% O2 tension) was also illustrated. A pilot study for overexpressing exogenous gene in chondrogenic stimulated hMSC pellets via SIN-LV particles is described. Eventually, a rationale is provided for manipulating HIF-α expression in chondrogenic stimulated hMSC pellet via SIN-LVs encoding HIF-α subunits to study the contribution of HIF-α paralogues on promoting the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4784977 Subjects: Anoxemia Chondrogenesis
Author : Klaus E. Kuettner
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis written by Klaus E. Kuettner and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1992 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Subrata Pal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146146255X
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs written by Subrata Pal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs is intended to present the basics of the normal systems and how, due to aging, diseases or trauma, body parts may need to be replaced with manmade materials. The movement of the body generates forces in various work situations and also internally at various joints, muscles and ligaments. It is essential to figure out the forces, moments, pressure etc to design replacements that manage these stresses without breaking down. The mechanical characterization of the hard and the soft tissues are presented systematically using the principles of solid mechanics. The viscoelastic properties of the tissue will also discussed. This text covers the design science and methodology from concept to blueprint to the final component being replaced. Each chapter will be a brief overview of various joint/organ replacement systems. Engineers working on artificial joints and organs, as well as students of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering are the main intended audience, however, the pedagogy is simple enough for those who are learning the subject for the first time.
Author : Ashleigh Elizabeth Nugent
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)
Download or read book The Presence of Extracellular Matrix Alters the Chondrocyte Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress written by Ashleigh Elizabeth Nugent and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this dissertation were threefold: to analyze samples of human osteoarthritis (OA) for markers indicative of disrupted homeostasis, to characterize a novel model of bovine cartilage generated ex vivo, and the application of said model to determine the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the chondrocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. ER stress marker Grp78 was up-regulated in advanced OA and had variable expression in minimal OA. Non-OA cartilage was Grp78 negative. Pro-survival molecule Bag-1 was up-regulated in OA compared with normal cartilage. Collagen VI was mainly cell-associated in non-OA cartilage, with a more widespread distribution in OA cartilage and increased intracellular staining intensity. The collagen VI proteoglycan receptor NG2 was down-regulated in advanced OA compared with its patient-matched minimal OA sample. For the second objective, chondrocytes were isolated from calf knees and maintained in monolayer culture or suspended in collagen I to form spot cultures (SCs). It was shown that bovine chondrocytes form cartilage with properties similar to native cartilage after 2-4 weeks based on immunohistochemical and biochemical endpoints. Magnetic resonance showed evidence of increasing matrix development, though values did not approach those of native cartilage. For the third objective, monolayer cultures treated with ER stressors glucose withdrawal ( -Glu), tunicamycin (TN), or thapsigargin (TG) up-regulated Grp78 and Gadd153, demonstrating a complete ER stress response. SCs were grown at timepoints from 1 day through 6 weeks before treatment with ER stressors. Increased ECM accumulation resulted in delayed Grp78 expression; however, Grp78 mRNA was up-regulated in response to ER stressors even after 6 weeks in culture. SCs treated with ER stressors did not up-regulate Gadd153. SCs underwent apoptosis upon ER stress treatment after 0-1 day of growth; however, after 4 days and through 6 weeks, apoptosis in treated samples was not different than controls. Bag-1 was up-regulated in monolayer and SCs upon ER stress. These results suggest that the presence of ECM confers protection from ER stressors. Future studies involving chondrocyte physiology should focus on cellular responses in conditions more closely mimicking the in vivo cartilage environment.
