Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
The Effects Of Chlorine And Selenium In Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells
Download The Effects Of Chlorine And Selenium In Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Effects Of Chlorine And Selenium In Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis The Effects of Chlorine and Selenium in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells by : Tom Fiducia
Download or read book The Effects of Chlorine and Selenium in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells written by Tom Fiducia and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solar Cells and Modules by : Arvind Shah
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Book Synopsis Activation of CdTe Solar Cells Using Molecular Chlorine by : Jason R. Trevithick
Download or read book Activation of CdTe Solar Cells Using Molecular Chlorine written by Jason R. Trevithick and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Cadmium Chloride Treatment on Cadmium Sulfide-cadmium Telluride Solar Cells by : Priya Selvaraj
Download or read book Effect of Cadmium Chloride Treatment on Cadmium Sulfide-cadmium Telluride Solar Cells written by Priya Selvaraj and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cadmium Telluride and Grain Boundaries: a Preliminary Study by : Michael Evan Liao
Download or read book Cadmium Telluride and Grain Boundaries: a Preliminary Study written by Michael Evan Liao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficacy of the CdCl2 treatment on polycrystalline CdTe-based solar cells was discovered over a quarter of a century ago; and yet, the exact mechanism of this treatment is still not fully understood to this day. In fact, the lack of understanding stems from a debate on the exact role of grain boundaries in CdCl2-treated CdTe solar cells. Some hypothesize that the CdCl2-treatment causes grain boundaries to become beneficial to solar cell performance while others disagree and claim that the treatment simply mitigates the harmful effects of grain boundaries via passivation. A future goal of this project is to determine which, if either, hypothesis is correct by direct wafer bonding single crystalline CdTe. Direct wafer bonding of single crystalline materials would create only one grain boundary at the bonded interface. This approach allows the orientation and surface chemistry of interfaces to be controlled in order to study the chemistry of grain boundaries methodically. However, before any direct wafer bonding can be done, a preliminary study of single crystalline CdTe is necessary. High-quality direct wafer bonding can only be achieved if the surfaces of each wafer satisfy certain requirements. Additionally, analyzing single crystalline CdTe materials prior to bonding is crucial in order to make any insightful connections between results found from direct bonding of single crystalline CdTe and what is observed in polycrystalline CdTe. First, the surface of an (001) CdTe layer epitaxially grown on an (001) InSb substrate is studied using atomic force microscopy. Stacking faults on the CdTe surface are observed and the thickness of the grown CdTe epilayer is calculated by considering the interplanar angles between the (001) and (111) crystallographic planes as well as the dimensions of the stacking faults. While the stacking faults will inhibit successful wafer bonding, the roughness of the regions outside the stacking faults is 0.9 nm, which is an acceptable roughness for direct wafer bonding. High resolution x-ray diffraction is used to study the strain of the CdTe epilayer at the epilayer-substrate interface by generating reciprocal space maps of the (004), (115), and (335) crystallographic planes. It is found that CdTe grown on an (001) InSb substrate at a low growth temperature exhibits nearly 0% relaxation. As a result, the in-plane lattice parameter of the CdTe layer is maximally strained to match the smaller lattice parameter of the InSb substrate. Consequently, the CdTe lattice is tetragonally strained normal to the substrate surface, which causes the out-of-plane lattice parameter of CdTe to be larger than its intrinsic value. Lastly, a CdCl2-treated CdTe-CdS (p-type CdTe on n-type CdS) solar cell structure is simulated using a semiconductor-heterojunction simulation program. In literature, it has been reported that chlorine atoms from the treatment segregate along grain boundaries in polycrystalline CdTe and cause the formation of local p-n junctions by inverting the grain boundaries to n-type. The simulated structure includes one grain and 2 grain boundaries. The grain/bulk CdTe material is p-type while the grain boundaries are made to be n-type with varying doping concentrations. Both the conduction band and valence band energy exhibit downward sloping from the CdTe surface to the CdTe-CdS interface. This structure assumes that the grain boundaries are parallel to the CdTe-CdS interface. While these simulations do not prove the existence of the local type-inversion hypothesis, they do entertain a novel possibility for future devices fabrication methods.
Book Synopsis Properties of Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Used in Cadmium Telluride/cadmium Sulfide Solar Cell by : Xiawa Wu
Download or read book Properties of Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Used in Cadmium Telluride/cadmium Sulfide Solar Cell written by Xiawa Wu and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CdTe/CdS solar cell is one of the promising low cost high efficiency thin film solar cells. In this work, thin film CdS properties and the effect of CdS surface conditions on CdTe growth and performance of polycrystalline CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells are investigated. Thin film CdS optical, structural and chemical properties both as deposited and after CdCl 2 heat treatment are measured. CdS surface chemical state is studied by analyzing its surface chemistry after different surface treatments. Qualitative and quantitative measurements indicate sulfate and sulfite phases on thin film CdS surfaces as well as single crystal CdS, caused by oxidation in the air. The degree of CdS oxidation is highly dependent on thermal treatment ambient, temperature and time. Results indicate reduction in grain size and smoother morphology for CdTe deposited on heavily oxidized CdS compared to chemically reduced CdS surface. Solar cell open circuit voltage is much lower on cells with heavily oxidized CdS surface.
Book Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells by : Jef Poortmans
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Book Synopsis Electrical Properties of Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Solar Cells Activated with Magnesium Chloride by : A. Pressman
Download or read book Electrical Properties of Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Solar Cells Activated with Magnesium Chloride written by A. Pressman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synerjy written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Periodic Table: Nature's Building Blocks by : J. Theo Kloprogge
Download or read book The Periodic Table: Nature's Building Blocks written by J. Theo Kloprogge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 931 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Periodic Table: Nature’s Building Blocks: An Introduction to the Naturally Occurring Elements, Their Origins and Their Uses addresses how minerals and their elements are used, where the elements come from in nature, and their applications in modern society. The book is structured in a logical way using the periodic table as its outline. It begins with an introduction of the history of the periodic table and a short introduction to mineralogy. Element sections contain their history, how they were discovered, and a description of the minerals that contain the element. Sections conclude with our current use of each element. Abundant color photos of some of the most characteristic minerals containing the element accompany the discussion. Ideal for students and researchers working in inorganic chemistry, minerology and geology, this book provides the foundational knowledge needed for successful study and work in this exciting area. Describes the link between geology, minerals and chemistry to show how chemistry relies on elements from nature Emphasizes the connection between geology, mineralogy and daily life, showing how minerals contribute to the things we use and in our modern economy Contains abundant color photos of each mineral that bring the periodic table to life
Book Synopsis Fundamentals Of Solar Cells by : Alan Fahrenbruch
Download or read book Fundamentals Of Solar Cells written by Alan Fahrenbruch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Solar Cells: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion provides an introduction to the fundamental physical principles of solar cells. It aims to promote the expansion of solar photovoltaics from relatively small and specialized use to a large-scale contribution to energy supply. The book begins with a review of basic concepts such as the source of energy, the role of photovoltaic conversion, the development of photovoltaic cells, and sequence of phenomena involved in solar power generation. This is followed by separate chapters on each of the processes that take place in solar cell. These include solar input; properties of semiconductors; recombination and the flow of photogenerated carriers; charge separation and the characteristics of junction barriers; and calculation of solar efficiency. Subsequent chapters deal with the operation of specific solar cell devices such as a single-crystal homojunction (Si); a single-crystal-heterojunction/buried-homojunction (AlGaAs/GaAs); and a polycrystalline, thin-film cell (CuxS/CdS). This book is intended for upper-level graduate students who have a reasonably good understanding of solid state physics and for scientists and engineers involved in research and development of solar cells.
Book Synopsis Advanced Renewable Energy Sources by : Gopal Nath Tiwari
Download or read book Advanced Renewable Energy Sources written by Gopal Nath Tiwari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an ideal reference text for teaching renewable energy to engineering and science students, as well as a reference book for scientists and professionals doing self study on the subject. The book has twelve chapters and starts with the definition and classification of renewable and non renewable energy and their status at global level. This chapter also contains the basic heat transfer mechanisms and laws of thermodynamics. It then deals with availability of solar radiation at different latitudes and energy and exergy analysis of flat plate collector, solar air collector, solar concentrator, evacuated tube collector, solar water heating system, solar distillation and solar cooker. The following chapter discusses the basics of semiconductor, its characteristics, working, characteristics of solar cell in dark and daylight situation, fundamentals of characteristic curves of semiconductor, fundamentals of PV module and array and some PVT systems. Detailed discussion on biomass, bio-fuels and biogas and their applications and the power produced by them, namely bio-power, is covered in the following chapters. Other renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind and geothermal are then covered as well as a chapter dealing with the working principle, basic theory and the capability to produce power from ocean thermal, tidal, wave and animal energy conversion systems. Subsequently, net CO2 mitigation, carbon credit, climate change and environmental impacts of all renewable energy resources are all covered followed by a discussion on the techno-economic feasibility of any energy sources as the backbone of its success and hence energy and economic analysis. The chapters deal the overall exergy of renewable energy sources by using the thermal and mechanical power and electrical energy as output. SI units are used throughout the book in solving various exercises in each chapter and conversion units of various physical and chemical parameters of metals and non-metals are also given in appendices.
Book Synopsis A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems by : Trevor Letcher
Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems: With Special Focus on Photovoltaic Systems, the most advanced and research focused text on all aspects of solar energy engineering, is a must have edition on the present state of solar technology, integration and worldwide distribution. In addition, the book provides a high-level assessment of the growth trends in photovoltaics and how investment, planning and economic infrastructure can support those innovations. Each chapter includes a research overview with a detailed analysis and new case studies that look at how recent research developments can be applied. Written by some of the most forward-thinking professionals, this book is an invaluable reference for engineers. - Contains analysis of the latest high-level research and explores real world application potential in relation to developments - Uses system international (SI) units and imperial units throughout to appeal to global engineers - Offers measurable data written by a world expert in the field on the latest developments in this fast moving and vital subject
Book Synopsis Chemical Vapor Deposition: 1960-1980 by : Donald T. Hawkins
Download or read book Chemical Vapor Deposition: 1960-1980 written by Donald T. Hawkins and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-11-30 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules by : Abdulkerim Gok
Download or read book Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules written by Abdulkerim Gok and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is expected to be the world's largest source of electricity in the future. To enhance the long-term reliability of PV modules, a thorough understanding of failure mechanisms is of vital importance. In addition, it is important to address the potential downsides to this technology. These include the hazardous chemicals needed for manufacturing solar cells, especially for thin-film technologies, and the large number of PV modules disposed of at the end of their lifecycles. This book discusses the reliability and environmental aspects of PV modules.