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The Effects Of An Increase In Knee Joint Range Of Motion On The Isometric Torque Production Of The Hamstring Muscles
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Book Synopsis The Effects of an Increase in Knee Joint Range of Motion on the Isometric Torque Production of the Hamstring Muscles by : Tim Ogletree
Download or read book The Effects of an Increase in Knee Joint Range of Motion on the Isometric Torque Production of the Hamstring Muscles written by Tim Ogletree and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of an Increase in Resting Muscle Length on Isometric Torque Production in the Hamstrings by : Susan Ellen Gladson
Download or read book The Effects of an Increase in Resting Muscle Length on Isometric Torque Production in the Hamstrings written by Susan Ellen Gladson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Delayed Effects of an Increase in Resting Muscle Length on Isometric Torque Production in the Hamstrings by : John Henry Fitzsimmons
Download or read book The Delayed Effects of an Increase in Resting Muscle Length on Isometric Torque Production in the Hamstrings written by John Henry Fitzsimmons and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimation of Muscle Torque Impulses and Ability to Predict High-risk Knee Joint Mechanics During Landing Maneuvers by : Jerome Jean Sauret
Download or read book Estimation of Muscle Torque Impulses and Ability to Predict High-risk Knee Joint Mechanics During Landing Maneuvers written by Jerome Jean Sauret and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This research first examined the validity of net knee joint moment estimations, calculated as the difference between quadriceps and hamstrings torques estimated using either an isometric or angle and action specific sEMG/Torque ratio calculated during calibration actions, during the impact phase of the initial landing of a drop jump maneuver. Second, this research investigated the extent to which the torque impulses of the medial and lateral aspects of the quadriceps and hamstrings, estimated during the impact phase of the initial landing of a drop jump maneuver using an angle and action specific sEMG/Torque ratio predicted knee joint mechanics associated with ACL injury risk, in the three planes of motion. Forty healthy active females, between the ages of 18 and 25, participated in the study. Participants performed maximal calibration actions on an isokinetic dynamometer (eccentric and isometric quadriceps, concentric and isometric hamstrings) while surface electromyographic (sEMG) data were collected from the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, bicep femoris and semitendinous. Subsequently, a drop jump maneuver was performed while three dimensional biomechanical data as well as sEMG data from the above mentioned muscles were collected. Based on the calibration actions, individualized isometric as well as angle and action specific (eccentric quadriceps, concentric hamstrings) sEMG/Torque ratios (sEMG amplitude divided by half of the torque produced) were computed for each of the four muscles, from full extension to 90 degrees of knee flexion. Using the knee flexion data during the landing maneuver, the sEMG/Torque ratio was then estimated for the impact phase of the drop jump maneuver. It was then divided by the concurrently acquired sEMG to estimate torques for the four afore mentioned muscles during the impact phase of landing. Muscle torques were resolved into a net joint moment as the difference between the sum of the extensors and flexors, and the impulses were then calculated for each of the muscle torques and for the net joint moments. High risk knee joint mechanics, in the three planes of motion, were observed during the impact phase of the initial landing of the drop jump. A RMANOVA tested differences between the net joint moments estimated based on isometric or angle and action specific measurements and inverse dynamics analysis. Regression models assessed the extent to which the muscle torque impulses, estimated using the angle and action specific sEMG/Torque ratio during the impact phase of the initial landing of a drop jump maneuver, predicted each of the seven variables identified as high risk knee joint mechanics. First, the results revealed that net knee joint moment based on the angle and action specific sEMG/Torque ratio provided a closer estimation of the net knee joint moment calculated using an inverse dynamics analysis than the net knee joint moment based on the isometric sEMG/Torque ratio. Second, muscle torque impulses, estimated using the angle and action specific sEMG/Torque ratio, were significantly predictive of only frontal and transverse moments about the knee. Secondary analyses revealed that when including simple ground contact kinematic variables and impact phase duration into the regression models, muscle torques predictivity of high risk knee joint biomechanics often increased. Hence, it was concluded that the angle and action specific sEMG/Torque ratio provides a better estimation of sagittal joint moments than the traditional isometric approach to sEMG normalization. Future studies should investigate the factors influencing ground contact knee joint kinematics and impact phase duration during the initial landing of a drop jump maneuver."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Resistance and Velocity on Muscle Patterning of the Knee During Isokinetic Exercise by : Erin Elizabeth Simunds
Download or read book The Effects of Resistance and Velocity on Muscle Patterning of the Knee During Isokinetic Exercise written by Erin Elizabeth Simunds and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Increased Antagonist Coactivation-related Hamstring Torque Reduces Maximal Knee Extension Torque in Healthy Old Adults by : Jonathan R. Gomez
Download or read book Increased Antagonist Coactivation-related Hamstring Torque Reduces Maximal Knee Extension Torque in Healthy Old Adults written by Jonathan R. Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As humans age, the ability to produce maximal voluntary torque decreases due to muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) and it is also known that advancing age alters the neural control of voluntary movement. One manifestation of the neural changes is that old adults execute voluntary movements with heightened antagonist muscle coactivation. Previous studies have examined the roles of increased coactivation but none have examined the effects of coactivation on motor output per se. In a simple knee extension task, it is possible to estimate the torque generated by the knee extensor and hamstring muscle groups using an electromyography- (EMG) driven model. The purpose of this study was to determine if the higher hamstring coactivation during knee extension in old adults would produce proportional reductions in knee extension torque. The hypothesis was that old compared with young adults have higher levels of antagonist hamstring muscle coactivation at all velocities, producing greater reductions of torque during knee extensions in the old adults. Peak torque was measured in the quadriceps and hamstrings and surface EMG activity were collected from the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris during knee extension at 30°/s, 90°/s, and 150°/s using concentric (shortening) and eccentric (lengthening) contractions of the hamstrings. Outputs of the EMG-driven model were: 1) net concentric knee extension torque (summation of the torque computed from EMG activity of the quadriceps and hamstrings), 2) agonist torque (torque calculated from the EMG activity of the quadriceps), and 3) antagonist torque (torque calculated from the EMG activity of the hamstrings). We compared these three measures of torque during controlled knee extension at 30°/s, 90°/s, and 150°/s between old (mean age 76.2, n=10) and young adults (age 20.7, n=13) using a speed (3) by group (2) ANOVA followed by a Tukey's post-hoc contrast at p
Book Synopsis Neuromuscular Strategies for Regulating Knee Joint Moments in Healthy and Injured Populations by : Teresa Flaxman
Download or read book Neuromuscular Strategies for Regulating Knee Joint Moments in Healthy and Injured Populations written by Teresa Flaxman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Joint stability has been experimentally and clinically linked to mechanisms of knee injury and joint degeneration. The only dynamic, and perhaps most important, regulators of knee joint stability are contributions from muscular contractions. In participants with unstable knees, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured, a range of neuromuscular adaptations has been observed including quadriceps weakness and increased co-activation of adjacent musculature. This co-activation is seen as a compensation strategy to increase joint stability. In fact, despite increased co-activation, instability persists and it remains unknown whether observed adaptations are the result of injury induced quadriceps weakness or the mechanical instability itself. Furthermore, there exists conflicting evidence on how and which of the neuromuscular adaptations actually improve and/or reduce knee joint stability. Purpose: The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to elucidate the role of injury and muscle weakness on muscular contributions to knee joint stability by addressing two main objectives: (1) to further our understanding of individual muscle contribution to internal knee joint moments; and (2) to investigate neuromuscular adaptations, and their effects on knee joint moments, caused by either ACL injury and experimental voluntary quadriceps inhibition (induced by pain). Methods: The relationship between individual muscle activation and internal net joint moments was quantified using partial least squares regression models. To limit the biomechanical contributions to force production, surface electromyography (EMG) and kinetic data was elicited during a weight-bearing isometric force matching task. A cross-sectional study design determined differences in individual EMG-moment relationships between ACL deficient and healthy controls (CON) groups. A crossover placebo controlled study design determined these differences in healthy participants with and without induced quadriceps muscle pain. Injections of hypertonic saline (5.8%) to the vastus medialis induced muscle pain. Isotonic saline (0.9%) acted as control. Effect of muscle pain on muscle synergies recruited for the force matching task, lunging and squatting tasks was also evaluated. Synergies were extracted using a concatenated non-negative matrix factorization framework. Results/Discussion: In CON, significant relationships of the rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae to knee extension and hip flexion; hamstrings to hip extension and knee flexion; and gastrocnemius and hamstrings to knee rotation were identified. Vastii activation was independent of moment generation, suggesting mono-articular vastii activate to produce compressive forces, essentially bracing the knee, so that bi-articular muscles crossing the hip can generate moments for the purpose of sagittal plane movement. Hip ab/adductor muscles modulate frontal plane moments, while hamstrings and gastrocnemius support the knee against externally applied rotational moments. Compared to CON, ACL had 1) stronger relationships between rectus femoris and knee extension, semitendinosus and knee flexion, and gastrocnemius and knee flexion moments; and 2) weaker relationships between biceps femoris and knee flexion, gastrocnemius and external knee rotation, and gluteus medius and hip abduction moments. Since the knee injury mechanism, is associated with shallow knee flexion angles, valgus alignment and rotation, adaptations after ACL injury are suggested to improve sagittal plane stability, but reduce frontal and rotational plane stability. During muscle pain, EMG-moment relationships of 1) semitendinosus and knee flexor moments were stronger compared to no pain, while 2) rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae to knee extension moments and 3) semitendinosus and lateral gastrocnemius to knee internal rotation moments were reduced. Results support the theory that adaptations to quadriceps pain reduces knee extensor demand to protect the joint and prevent further pain; however, changes in non-painful muscles reduce rotational plane stability. Individual muscle synergies were identified for each moment type: flexion and extension moments were respectively accompanied by dominant hamstring and quadriceps muscle synergies while co-activation was observed in muscle synergies associated with abduction and rotational moments. Effect of muscle pain was not evident on muscle synergies recruited for the force matching task. This may be due to low loading demands and/or a subject-specific redistribution of muscle activation. Similarly, muscle pain did not affect synergy composition in lunging and squatting tasks. Rather, activation of the extensor dominant muscle synergy and knee joint dynamics were reduced, supporting the notion that adaptive response to pain is to reduce the load and risk of further pain and/or injury. Conclusion: This thesis evaluated the interrelationship between muscle activation and internal joint moments and the effect of ACL injury and muscle pain on this relationship. Findings indicate muscle activation is not always dependent on its anatomical orientation as previous works suggest, but rather on its role in maintaining knee joint stability especially in the frontal and transverse loading planes. In tasks that are dominated by sagittal plane loads, hamstring and quadriceps will differentially activate. However, when the knee is required to resist externally applied rotational and abduction loads, strategies of global co-activation were identified. Contributions from muscles crossing the knee for supporting against knee adduction loads were not apparent. Alternatively hip abductors were deemed more important regulators of knee abduction loads. Both muscle pain and ACL groups demonstrated changes in muscle activation that reduced rotational stability. Since frontal plane EMG-moment changes were not present during muscle pain, reduced relationships between hip muscles and abduction moments may be chronic adaptions by ACL that facilitate instability. Findings provide valuable insight into the roles muscles play in maintaining knee joint stability. Rehabilitative/ preventative exercise interventions should focus on neuromuscular training during tasks that elicit rotational and frontal loads (i.e. side cuts, pivoting maneuvers) as well as maintaining hamstring balance, hip abductor and plantarflexor muscle strength in populations with knee pathologies and quadriceps muscle weakness.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Limited Range of Motion Isokinetic Knee Extensor Training on Isometric Strength Development Inside and Outside of the Trained Range of Motion by : Jennifer L. Donner
Download or read book The Effects of Limited Range of Motion Isokinetic Knee Extensor Training on Isometric Strength Development Inside and Outside of the Trained Range of Motion written by Jennifer L. Donner and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of limited range of motion (ROM) isokinetic knee extensor exercise on isometric strength development inside and outside the trained ROM. Four male and 18 female volunteers between the ages of 20 and 48 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group trained the knee extensors isokinetically on the KINCOM from 45 to 0 degrees of knee flexion three times a week for five weeks. The control group did not train. Both groups were pretested and posttested on the KINCOM for isometric knee extensor peak torque at 15, 25, 35, 55, 65 and 75 degrees of knee flexion. One half of the subjects in each group was tested at each angle in ascending order, while the other half was tested in descending order. The two orders of testing were randomly assigned and balanced over subjects with a matching procedure. Repeated-measures ANOVA with one between groups factor was used to determine if significant differences existed between the groups. Tukey's Honestly Significantly Different test was used to make pairwise comparisons between group means at each angle. Upon statistical analysis it was determined that no significant differences existed between the groups at each angle of measurement except at 75 degrees of knee flexion (p
Book Synopsis An Experimental Evaluation of Isometric Contraction Prior to Muscle Stretch for Increasing Knee Joint Range of Motion by : Jeremy A. English
Download or read book An Experimental Evaluation of Isometric Contraction Prior to Muscle Stretch for Increasing Knee Joint Range of Motion written by Jeremy A. English and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Knee Effusion on Quadriceps Strength and Intra-articular Pressure of the Knee During Isokinetic Exercise by : Kristie Ann Jensen
Download or read book The Effects of Knee Effusion on Quadriceps Strength and Intra-articular Pressure of the Knee During Isokinetic Exercise written by Kristie Ann Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparison of isokinetic knee estensor torque measurements over repeated trials using the Kin Com by : Ann K. Bolger
Download or read book Comparison of isokinetic knee estensor torque measurements over repeated trials using the Kin Com written by Ann K. Bolger and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Reconstruction and Basic Science E-Book by : Chadwick Prodromos
Download or read book The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Reconstruction and Basic Science E-Book written by Chadwick Prodromos and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Reconstruction and Basic Science, 2nd Edition, by Dr. Chadwick Prodromos, provides the expert guidance you need to effectively select the right procedure and equipment, prevent complications, and improve outcomes for every patient. Written and edited by world leaders in hamstring, allograft, and bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) ACL reconstruction, this revised reference is a must-have resource for the full range of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques, plus fixation devices, rehabilitation, revision ACLR surgery, and much more! Covers the latest clinical and technical information on pain control, genetics and biologics, the use of ultrasound, and much more. Features dozens of new chapters that offer up-to-date information on pain control after ACLR, single vs. double bundle repairs, genetics and collagen type, all-inside techniques, biologics, pediatrics, ACL ganglion cysts, prognosis for ACLR success, allografts vs. autografts, and more. Provides the experience and insight of a "dream team" of ACL experts, including James Andrews on sports medicine, Frank Noyes on HTO and ACLR, and Andrew Amis on the benefits of the older femoral tunnel placement technique.
Book Synopsis THE KNEE for Physiotherapists by : Monalisa Pattnaik
Download or read book THE KNEE for Physiotherapists written by Monalisa Pattnaik and published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of knee conditions for physiotherapists. Beginning with an overview of anatomy and biomechanics of the knee, the next chapter explains physical examination and evaluation. The following chapters cover different types of disorders including soft tissue injuries, arthritic conditions, and fractures and dislocations. The final section discusses physiotherapy for post-surgical patients. The text covers common conditions affecting knee joints, traumatic sports injuries, disorders affecting less mobile patients, and degenerative joint diseases. Guidance on ‘dos and don’ts’ for home exercise programs is also included. The text is further enhanced by clinical photographs and diagrams. Key points Practical guide to diagnosis and management of knee conditions for physiotherapists Covers soft tissue injuries, arthritic conditions, and fractures and dislocations Includes discussion on physiotherapy for post-surgical patients Offers guidance on ‘dos and don’ts’ for home exercise programs
Book Synopsis Influence of Training History and Contraction Velocity on Hamstring Muscle Coactivation During Maximal Effort Knee Extension by : Robert B. Brady
Download or read book Influence of Training History and Contraction Velocity on Hamstring Muscle Coactivation During Maximal Effort Knee Extension written by Robert B. Brady and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a muscle produces voluntary force, muscles on the opposite side of the joint, the antagonists, are also activated. While coactivation of the knee flexors during knee extension is presumed to increase joint stability by decreasing anterior shear force of the tibia on the femur, the coactivation of the hamstrings also produces what is called the antagonist torque. Systematic exercise in the form of resistance training can reduce antagonist muscle coactivation in healthy young adults. However, the mechanical consequence of this neurological adaptation is unclear. We thus hypothesized that previously strength-trained individuals would exhibit less antagonist coactivation, resulting in a reduced antagonist torque, and that with an increase in contraction speed there would be an increase in antagonist coactivation to slow the movement but there would be less of an increase due to speed in the trained compared with untrained individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of training status on coactivation, i.e., antagonist torque, and on the speed-sensitivity of coactivation. Subjects for this study were fitted with surface EMG electrodes on their thigh muscles, and performed maximal effort knee extensions on a dynamometer, using shortening (concentric) and lengthening (eccentric) contractions at 30, 90, and 150°/s. As expected, trained individuals produced ~44% less coactivation at all contractions speeds. Against the hypothesis, coactivation did not increase in either group as velocity increased, as there was less than 10% difference in coactivation levels between the 3 speeds. Also against the hypothesis, as determined with an EMG-driven mathematical model, antagonist torque did not decrease with decreasing coactivation; in fact we see a trend towards the opposite for trained individuals. A borderline greater antagonist torque was noted in the trained compared to the untrained subjects even with decreased coactivation of the trained. These data suggest that antagonist muscle coactivation is less in trained healthy young adults but this reduced neural activation does not manifest itself in lower levels of antagonist torque. Therefore, leg strength training may increase muscle strength in part by reducing antagonist muscle coactivation without compromising joint stability.
Book Synopsis Muscle Energy Techniques by : Leon Chaitow
Download or read book Muscle Energy Techniques written by Leon Chaitow and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muscle Energy Techniques 4e sets out clear, practical and clinical guidelines for all students and practitioners wishing to use MET techniques as part of their patient management. Fully updated and now published in full colour throughout, this book has an accompanying website with video clips presenting the full array of modern METs in a variety of acute, chronic and rehabilitation settings. "The practical application of MET starts from Chapter 5. The videos are accessible via a website whose address is within the book. A simple log in and you have access to a collection of MET greatest hits. The videos are clear, simple and short but not inclusive of all the techniques in the book" Reviewed by InTouch, May 2015 Introduces new methodology and instructs in the scientific basis and correct application of existing METs Explains the value of METs in the treatment of a variety of problems ranging from hypertonicity and muscle tightness to joint dysfunction and joint capsule adhesions Provides precise assessment and diagnosis guidelines from a variety of perspectives including osteopathy, chiropractic, physical therapy, athletic training and massage therapy Details the background to soft tissue dysfunction and explains the adaptive chain reactions that both produce and result from dysfunction Gives many variations on the safe use of MET in acute, chronic and rehabilitation settings Highly illustrated with full-colour line drawings and diagrams Supplemented by a website which includes video clips of experienced practitioners demonstrating the techniques Ideal for experienced practitioners as well as those taking undergraduate and postgraduate courses in manual therapy Now published in full colour throughout Presents the latest research findings underpinning the practice of MET methodology from differing areas of practice Presents the increasingly refined ways of using the variety of MET methods to allow the reader to safely apply them in a variety of settings Video clips on an associated website presents practical examples of the METs explored in the book Contains a new chapter on the history of MET to provide useful insights from pioneers of the method New chapters by orthopaedic surgeons discuss the relevance of MET in the rehabilitative setting Contains a completely new chapter on the relevance of MET to massage therapy as well as expanded sections on its value in chiropractic, sports injury and physiotherapy Contains an increased emphasis on pulsed MET and isotonic eccentric stretching
Book Synopsis The Effect of Knee Joint Position on the Electromyography of the Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscles During Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contractions by : Raymond Li-Ming Phua
Download or read book The Effect of Knee Joint Position on the Electromyography of the Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscles During Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contractions written by Raymond Li-Ming Phua and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Knee Joint Alignment on Torque Production During Isokinetic Leg Extension and Flexion Exercise by : Dawn M. Scaramuzza
Download or read book Effects of Knee Joint Alignment on Torque Production During Isokinetic Leg Extension and Flexion Exercise written by Dawn M. Scaramuzza and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
