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The Effective Crystal Field Potential
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Book Synopsis The Effective Crystal Field Potential by : J. Mulak
Download or read book The Effective Crystal Field Potential written by J. Mulak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-06-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As it results from the very nature of things, the spherical symmetry of the surrounding of a site in a crystal lattice or an atom in a molecule can never occur. Therefore, the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of any bound ion or atom have to differ from those of spherically symmetric respective free ions. In this way, the most simplified concept of the crystal field effect or ligand field effect in the case of individual molecules can be introduced. The conventional notion of the crystal field potential is narrowed to its non-spherical part only through ignoring the dominating spherical part which produces only a uniform energy shift of gravity centres of the free ion terms. It is well understood that the non-spherical part of the effective potential "seen" by open-shell electrons localized on a metal ion plays an essential role in most observed properties. Light adsorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, inelastic neutron scattering and basic characteristics derived from magnetic and thermal measurements, are only examples of a much wider class of experimental results dependent on it. The influence is discerned in all kinds of materials containing unpaired localized electrons: ionic crystals, semiconductors and metallic compounds including materials as intriguing as high-Tc superconductors, or heavy fermion systems. It is evident from the above that we deal with a widespread effect relative to all free ion terms except those which can stand the lowered symmetry, e.g. S-terms. Despite the universality of the phenomenon, the available handbooks on solid state physics pay only marginal attention to it, merely making mention of its occurrence. Present understanding of the origins of the crystal field potential differs essentially from the pioneering electrostatic picture postulated in the twenties. The considerable development of the theory that has been put forward since then can be traced in many regular articles scattered throughout the literature. The last two decades have left their impression as well but, to the authors' best knowledge, this period has not been closed with a more extended review. This has also motivated us to compile the main achievements in the field in the form of a book.
Author :A. Beran Publisher :The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland ISBN 13 :9634636624 Total Pages :676 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (346 download)
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy by : A. Beran
Download or read book Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy written by A. Beran and published by The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This book was released on 2004 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals by : Satoru Sugano
Download or read book Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals written by Satoru Sugano and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals provides information pertinent to ligand field theory. This book discusses the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and the theory of atomic spectra. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the qualitative nature of the splitting of the energy level as well as the angular behavior of the wavefunctions. This text then examines the problem of obtaining the energy eigenvalues and eigenstates of the two-electron systems, in which two electrons are accommodated in the t2g and eg shells in a variety of ways. Other chapters discuss the ligand-field potential, which is invariant to any symmetry operation in the group to which symmetry of the system belongs. This book discusses as well the approximate method of expressing molecular orbitals (MO) by a suitable linear combination of atomic orbitals (AO). The final chapter discusses the MO in molecules and the self-consistent field theory of Hartree–Fock. This book is a valuable resource for research physicists, chemists, electronic engineers, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Advances in Solution Chemistry by : I. Bertini
Download or read book Advances in Solution Chemistry written by I. Bertini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Single Molecule Toroics by : Keith Murray
Download or read book Single Molecule Toroics written by Keith Murray and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of chapters written by international experts on various aspects of single molecule toroics (SMTs).The chapters cover a broad range of relevant topics and highlight the latest advances performed in the field. An up-to-date overview of the emerging SMT architectures is presented while particular attention is given to not only the magnetism and relaxation effects involved but also to the respective applications in advanced electronics and memory devices. The role that lanthanides play -especially that of dysprosium- is discussed, while a thorough analysis using theoretical/ab initio calculations is provided. Since SMTs have grown out of single molecule magnetism (SMM), it is an expanding and topical subject and the present book will engender excitement and interest amongst chemists, physicists, theoreticians and materials scientists. The volume will be of great interest to researchers and graduates working on this topic and particularly those involved in lanthanide chemistry, magnetism and theory.
Book Synopsis Optical Properties of 3d-Ions in Crystals by : Nicolae M. Avram
Download or read book Optical Properties of 3d-Ions in Crystals written by Nicolae M. Avram and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Optical Properties of 3d-Ions in Crystals: Spectroscopy and Crystal Field Analysis" discusses spectral, vibronic and magnetic properties of 3d-ions in a wide range of crystals, used as active media for solid state lasers and potential candidates for this role. Crystal field calculations (including first-principles calculations of energy levels and absorption spectra) and their comparison with experimental spectra, the Jahn-Teller effect, analysis of vibronic spectra, materials science applications are systematically presented. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in crystal spectroscopy, materials science and optical applications. Dr. N.M. Avram is an Emeritus Professor at the Physics Department, West University of Timisoara, Romania; Dr. M.G. Brik is a Professor at the Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Book Synopsis Concise Encyclopedia of Magnetic and Superconducting Materials by : K.H.J. Buschow
Download or read book Concise Encyclopedia of Magnetic and Superconducting Materials written by K.H.J. Buschow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-28 with total page 1361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic and superconducting materials pervade every avenue of the technological world – from microelectronics and mass-data storage to medicine and heavy engineering. Both areas have experienced a recent revitalisation of interest due to the discovery of new materials, and the re-evaluation of a wide range of basic mechanisms and phenomena. This Concise Encyclopedia draws its material from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Materials and Engineering, and includes updates and revisions not available in the original set -- making it the ideal reference companion for materials scientists and engineers with an interest in magnetic and superconducting materials. Contains in excess of 130 articles, taken from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, including ScienceDirect updates not available in the original set Each article discusses one aspect of magnetic and superconducting materials and includes photographs, line drawings and tables to aid the understanding of the topic at hand Cross-referencing guides readers to articles covering subjects of related interest
Book Synopsis Wide-Gap Luminescent Materials: Theory and Applications by : Stanley R. Rotman
Download or read book Wide-Gap Luminescent Materials: Theory and Applications written by Stanley R. Rotman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electro-optic devices based on doped wide-band materials are present in industrial uses, in military applications and in everyday life. Whether one engages in laser surgery with a neodymium-Y AG laser or one communicates overseas using optical fibers, the development of these materials is both scientifically and commercially of great interest. Much of the most innovative work has been done in the last 15 years in this area. A minor revolution in optical fiber communications has occurred with the development of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Solid-state laser development shifted into high-gear with the theoretical and experimental study of doubly-doped garnet lasers. Recent developments on semiconductor laser arrays are making diode pumped solid-state lasers commercially feasible. The purpose of this book is to detail these developments and to point out that many of the same underlying physical processes control advances in several diverse applications. For example, the basic science of energy transfer will be discussed by Zharikov et al. and Rotman for energy transfer and dopant-defect interactions, respectively; it will also be crucial in understanding cerium-doped scintilla tors, neodymium-chromium lasers, and up-conversion fiber lasers. As another example, phonon-induced non-radiative relaxation will appear in every chapter in this book.
Book Synopsis Magnetism and Ligand-Field Analysis by : M. Gerloch
Download or read book Magnetism and Ligand-Field Analysis written by M. Gerloch and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1983 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a synthesis of old and new notions straddling the disciplines of physics and chemistry is described.
Book Synopsis Lanthanide-Based Multifunctional Materials by :
Download or read book Lanthanide-Based Multifunctional Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lanthanide-Based Multifunctional Materials: From OLEDs to SIMs serves as a comprehensive and state-of the art review on these promising compounds, delivering a panorama of their extensive and rapidly growing applications. After an introductory chapter on the theoretical description of the optical and magnetic behaviour of lanthanides and on the prediction of their properties by ab-initio methods, four chapters are devoted to lanthanide-based OLEDs, including the latest trends in visible emitters, the emerging field of near infrared emitters and the first achievements attained in the field of chiral OLEDs. The use of lanthanide complexes as molecular magnets spreads over another two chapters, which explain the evolution of 4f-elements-based SIMs and the most recent advances in heterometallic 3d–4f SMMs. Other very active research areas are covered in the remaining five chapters, dedicated to lanthanide-doped germanate and tellurite glasses, luminescent materials for up-conversion, luminescent thermosensors, multimodal imaging and therapeutic agents, and chemosensors. The book is aimed at academic and industrial researchers, undergraduates and postgraduates alike, and is of particular interest for the Materials Science, Applied Physics and Applied Chemistry communities. Includes the latest progress on lanthanide-based materials and their applications (in OLEDs, SIMs, doped matrices, up-conversion, thermosensors, theragnostics and chemosensors) Presents basic and applied aspects of the Physics and Chemistry of lanthanide compounds, as well as future lines of action Covers successful examples of devices and proofs-of-concept and provides guidelines for the rational design of new materials
Book Synopsis Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides by : Brian G. Wybourne
Download or read book Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides written by Brian G. Wybourne and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-25 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides: Magnetic and Hyperfine Interactions represents the sixth and final book by the late Brian Wybourne, an accomplished pioneer in the spectroscopy of rare earth ions, and Lidia Smentek, a leading theoretical physicist in the field. The book provides a definitive and up-to-date theoretical description of spectroscopic properties of lanthanides doped in various materials. The book integrates computer-assisted calculations developed since Wybourne’s classic publication on the topic. It contains useful MapleTM routines, discussions, and new aspects of the theory of f-electron systems. Establishing a unified basis for understanding state-of-the-art applications and techniques used in the field, the book reviews fundamentals based on Wybourne’s graduate lectures, which include the theory of nuclei, the theory of angular momentum, Racah algebra, and effective tensor operators. It then describes magnetic and hyperfine interactions and their impact on the energy structure and transition amplitudes of the lanthanide ions. The text culminates with a relativistic description of f↔f electric and magnetic dipole transitions, covering sensitized luminescence and a new parametrization scheme of f-spectra. Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides enables scientists to construct accurate and reliable theoretical models to elucidate lanthanides and their properties. This text is ideal for exploring a range of lanthanide applications including electronic data storage, lasers, superconductors, medicine, nuclear engineering, and nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Organometallic Magnets by : Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
Download or read book Organometallic Magnets written by Vadapalli Chandrasekhar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the recent advances and state of art in the experimental and theoretical studies of organometallic magnets. A plethora of organic ligands such as Mannich-base derivatives, redox-active chromophores, cyanides, Schiff base among others are used to coordinate to 3d transition metals, 4f lanthanides and 5f actinides to design the molecular magnets. Deep analysis of the coordination sphere symmetry, electronic distribution, luminescence are investigated to perform magneto-structural correlation leading to a better understanding of the magnetic properties. Furthermore, the rationalization of the magnetic behavior can be reached using ab initio calculations. The multiple applications that these molecular magnets offer could revolutionize the high-density data storage, spintronics and quantum computing technologies. This volume provides a discussion of these topics from leading international experts and will be a useful reference for researchers working in this field.
Book Synopsis Lanthanide Single Molecule Magnets by : Jinkui Tang
Download or read book Lanthanide Single Molecule Magnets written by Jinkui Tang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins by providing basic information on single-molecule magnets (SMMs), covering the magnetism of lanthanide, the characterization and relaxation dynamics of SMMs and advanced means of studying lanthanide SMMs. It then systematically introduces lanthanide SMMs ranging from mononuclear and dinuclear to polynuclear complexes, classifying them and highlighting those SMMs with high barrier and blocking temperatures – an approach that provides some very valuable indicators for the structural features needed to optimize the contribution of an Ising type spin to a molecular magnet. The final chapter presents some of the newest developments in the lanthanide SMM field, such as the design of multifunctional and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials as well as the anchoring and organization of the SMMs on surfaces. In addition, the crystal structure and magnetic data are clearly presented with a wealth of illustrations in each chapter, helping newcomers and experts alike to better grasp ongoing trends and explore new directions. Jinkui Tang is a professor at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Peng Zhang is currently pursuing his PhD at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with a specific focus on the molecular magnetism of lanthanide compounds under the supervision of Prof. Jinkui Tang.
Book Synopsis Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry by : Wai-Kee Li
Download or read book Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry written by Wai-Kee Li and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revised and updated English edition of a textbook based on teaching at the final year undergraduate and graduate level. It presents structure and bonding, generalizations of structural trends, crystallographic data, as well as highlights from the recent literature.
Book Synopsis Electron Spin Resonance of Paramagnetic Crystals by : L. Sorin
Download or read book Electron Spin Resonance of Paramagnetic Crystals written by L. Sorin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this contribution to the literature of resonance spectroscopy in paramagnetic systems are primarily concerned with the properties of the rare earth ions and, as such, the formal derivation of crystal field theory is set out in a manner which reflects this dominant interest. The ions of the 3d transition group are perhaps given too cursory a treatment in Chapter Two for those students of RF spectroscopy who have a somewhat less rare-earth oriented interest in the subject. Since the exam ples cited in the text do include some 3d transition ions, it is perhaps worthwhile in a preface of this sort to extend the broad theoretical concepts and group characteriza tion of Chapter Two to cover, in a somewhat more detailed manner, the derivation of the spin-Hamiltonian for this case. In Chapter Two, mention is made of the fact that for the 4f rare earth ions the spin orbit coupling energy is in general large compared to the crystal field influence of the surrounding ligand matrix. In such a case, the quantum number J is a good quantum number for the rare earth ion in question and the crystal field effects are taken into account within 1M, states. In this formulation, which is pursued in detail in this book, the effects of spin-orbit coupling have been taken care of at the very outset by the d~"ining of the 1M, states.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials by : Guokui Liu
Download or read book Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials written by Guokui Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-29 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at researchers and graduate students, this book provides up-to-date information about the electronic interactions that impact the optical properties of rare earth ions in solids. Its goal is to establish a connection between fundamental principles and the materials properties of rare-earth activated luminescent and laser optical materials. The theoretical survey and introduction to spectroscopic properties covers electronic energy level structure, intensities of optical transitions, ion-phonon interactions, line broadening, and energy transfer and up-conversion. An important aspect of the book lies in its deep and detailed discussions of materials properties and the potential of new applications such as optical storage, information processing, nanophotonics, and molecular probes that have been identified in recent experimental studies. This volume will be a valuable reference book on advanced topics of rare earth spectroscopy and materials science.
Book Synopsis Problems in Structural Inorganic Chemistry by : Wai-Kee Li
Download or read book Problems in Structural Inorganic Chemistry written by Wai-Kee Li and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of over 422 problems and their acceptable answers on structural inorganic chemistry at the senior undergraduate and beginning graduate level. The central theme running through these questions is symmetry, bonding and structure: molecular or crystalline. A wide variety of topics are covered, including Electronic States and Configurations of Atoms and Molecules, Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Atomic Orbitals, Hybrid Orbitals, Molecular Symmetry, Molecular Geometry and Bonding, Crystal Field Theory, Molecular Orbital Theory, Vibrational Spectroscopy, Crystal Structure, Transition Metal Chemistry, Metal Clusters: Bonding and Reactivity, and Bioinorganic Chemistry. The questions collected here originate from the examination papers and take-home assignments arising from the teaching of courses in Chemical Bonding, Elementary Quantum Chemistry, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, and X-Ray Crystallography by the book's two senior authors over the past five decades. The questions have been tested by generations of students taking these courses. The questions in this volume cover essentially all the topics in a typical course in structural inorganic chemistry. The text may be used as a supplement for a variety of inorganic chemistry courses at the senior undergraduate level. It also serves as a problem text to accompany the book Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry, co-authored by W.-K. Li, G.-D. Zhou, and T. C. W. Mak (Oxford University Press, 2008).
