The Effect Of The Income Tax Reform 979 2016 On Employees Income Equality

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The Effect of The Income Tax Reform 979/2016 On Employees' Income Equality

Author : Tewodros Ayalew
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346012875
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of The Income Tax Reform 979/2016 On Employees' Income Equality by : Tewodros Ayalew

Download or read book The Effect of The Income Tax Reform 979/2016 On Employees' Income Equality written by Tewodros Ayalew and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 79, Addis Ababa University, course: MBA in Accounting and Finance, language: English, abstract: This research investigates the effect of the new income tax Proclamation 979/2016 on the employee’s disposable income, tax liability and the income inequalities among the high and low income earning groups of employees. For this, the quantitative research method is used and secondary payroll data is collected through the survey by using email and hard copy. The data is analyzed using the summary of descriptive statistics and paired sample means t-Test. Besides this, Gini-coefficient analytical tool is also used to measure the income inequalities among 1120 employees. The payroll data is gathered from 8 different public and private companies in Addis Ababa. The sample is selected by applying purposive sampling techniques and the sample size is determined using a statistical formula for an unknown population. The result shows that the tax reform brings a 9% increases on a disposable income and 30% decreases on the income tax liability of employees under this investigation. But on the contrary, the new tax reform doesn't play its role in reducing the income inequality among different income earning groups of employees rather it shows 0.4% marginal increases in income inequalities. This is because of reform gives higher disposable income for the top 20% income earning groups than the lower one. Furthermore, the study evidences the existence of high-income inequality among employees which is 0.41 Gini coefficient. It is slightly higher than the national Gini coefficient it is because of the size and scope of the study. Finally, the research indicates that 73% of the income tax revenue has paid by the top 20% income earning groups. So, it is advisable for policymakers to improve the minimum taxable income from birr 601 to birr1500 to reduce the income inequality by minimizing the tax burden of lower income earning groups.

Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464809798
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 by : World Bank Group

Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, the report will address the following questions: • What is the latest evidence on the levels and evolution of extreme poverty and shared prosperity? • Which countries and regions have been more successful in terms of progress toward the twin goals and which are lagging behind? • What does the global context of lower economic growth mean for achieving the twin goals? • How can inequality reduction contribute to achieving the twin goals? • What does the evidence show concerning global and between- and within-country inequality trends? • Which interventions and countries have used the most innovative approaches to achieving the twin goals through reductions in inequality? The report will make four main contributions. First, it will present the most recent numbers on poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality. Second, it will stress the importance of inequality reduction in ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity by 2030 in a context of weaker growth. Third, it will highlight the diversity of within-country inequality reduction experiences and will synthesize experiences of successful countries and policies, addressing the roots of inequality without compromising economic growth. In doing so, the report will shatter some myths and sharpen our knowledge of what works in reducing inequalities. Finally, it will also advocate for the need to expand and improve data collection—for example, data availability, comparability, and quality—and rigorous evidence on inequality impacts in order to deliver high-quality poverty and shared prosperity monitoring.

Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth

Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484397657
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth by : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry

Download or read book Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has recognized in recent years that one cannot separate issues of economic growth and stability on one hand and equality on the other. Indeed, there is a strong case for considering inequality and an inability to sustain economic growth as two sides of the same coin. Central to the Fund’s mandate is providing advice that will enable members’ economies to grow on a sustained basis. But the Fund has rightly been cautious about recommending the use of redistributive policies given that such policies may themselves undercut economic efficiency and the prospects for sustained growth (the so-called “leaky bucket” hypothesis written about by the famous Yale economist Arthur Okun in the 1970s). This SDN follows up the previous SDN on inequality and growth by focusing on the role of redistribution. It finds that, from the perspective of the best available macroeconomic data, there is not a lot of evidence that redistribution has in fact undercut economic growth (except in extreme cases). One should be careful not to assume therefore—as Okun and others have—that there is a big tradeoff between redistribution and growth. The best available macroeconomic data do not support such a conclusion.

Global Wage Report 2018/19

Author : International Labour Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789220313466
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Wage Report 2018/19 by : International Labour Office

Download or read book Global Wage Report 2018/19 written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018/19 edition analyses the gender pay gap. The report focuses on two main challenges: how to find the most useful means for measurement, and how to break down the gender pay gap in ways that best inform policy-makers and social partners of the factors that underlie it. The report also includes a review of key policy issues regarding wages and the reduction of gender pay gaps in different national circumstances.

Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation

Author : William G. Gale
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815719861
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation by : William G. Gale

Download or read book Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation written by William G. Gale and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although estate and gift taxes raise a small fraction of federal revenues, they have become sources of increasing political controversy. This book is designed to inform the current policy debate and build a conceptual basis for future scholarship. The book contains eleven original studies of estate and gift taxes, along with discussants' comments. The essays provide background and historical information; analyze the optimal taxation of estates and gifts; examine the effects of the tax on charitable contributions, saving behavior, the distribution and level of wealth, tax avoidance and tax evasion; and explore the effects of alternatives to estate taxation.

The Federal Estate Tax

Author : David Joulfaian
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026255111X
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Federal Estate Tax by : David Joulfaian

Download or read book The Federal Estate Tax written by David Joulfaian and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and accessible account of the U.S. estate tax, examining its history and evolution, structure and inner workings, and economic consequences. Governments have been levying some form of inheritance tax since the ancient Egyptians did so in the seventh century BC. In the United States, the federal government experimented with various forms of inheritance taxes, settling on an estate tax in 1916 and a gift tax in 1932. Despite this long history, there are few empirical studies of the federal estate tax. This book offers the first comprehensive look at U.S. estate and inheritance taxes, examining their history and evolution, structure and inner workings, and economic consequences. Written by David Joulfaian, a veteran economist at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the book provides accessible accounts of such topics as changes in tax laws, issues of equity, the fiscal contribution of the estate tax, and its behavioral effects. Joulfaian traces the evolution of U.S. inheritance taxes from 1797 to the present, noting that the estate tax rate and base expanded through 1976, then began to decline. He describes the tax itself, explaining that it currently applies to estates and gifts in excess of $11.18 million, and outlines applicable deductions and credits. He sketches a profile of taxpayers and their beneficiaries; surveys the revenues from estate and gift taxes; and discusses the effect of estate taxation on labor decisions, saving and wealth accumulation, charitable giving, life insurance ownership, and other economic activities. Finally, he addresses criticisms of the estate tax and analyzes its shortcomings. Accompanying tables present a wealth of data gathered by Joulfaian in his research and not available elsewhere.

Income Averaging

Author : United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Income Averaging by : United States. Internal Revenue Service

Download or read book Income Averaging written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Increasing Income Inequality in the Nordics

Author : Rolf Aaberge
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289355123
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Increasing Income Inequality in the Nordics by : Rolf Aaberge

Download or read book Increasing Income Inequality in the Nordics written by Rolf Aaberge and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions document how income inequality in the Nordics in various dimensions have increased over recent decades. These developments are put in an international context. Developments in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are compared. Important aspects analysed in detail are overall inequality of both market and disposable incomes, the redistribution through the tax and transfer system as well as through the provision of government welfare services, the importance of demographic factors, the developments of both relative poverty and top income shares, and gender inequality.

Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century

Author : Alan J. Auerbach
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139464515
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century by : Alan J. Auerbach

Download or read book Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.

Taxation of Non-Resident Entertainers

Author : International Fiscal Association Staff
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789041102850
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation of Non-Resident Entertainers by : International Fiscal Association Staff

Download or read book Taxation of Non-Resident Entertainers written by International Fiscal Association Staff and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-10-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a seminar held in Cannes, France, in 1995 during the 49th congress of the International Fiscal Association. Survey of the international tax treatment of non-resident entertainers and athletes under both domestic law and tax treaties. Introduction summarizes the main issues including source and characterization of income, loan out companies and definition of entertainers and athletes.

The Populist Temptation

Author : Barry Eichengreen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190866306
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Populist Temptation by : Barry Eichengreen

Download or read book The Populist Temptation written by Barry Eichengreen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populism of the right and left has spread like wildfire throughout the world. The impulse reached its apogee in the United States with the election of Trump, but it was a force in Europe ever since the Great Recession sent the European economy into a prolonged tailspin. In the simplest terms, populism is a political ideology that vilifies economic and political elites and instead lionizes 'the people.' The people, populists of all stripes contend, need to retake power from the unaccountable elites who have left them powerless. And typically, populists' distrust of elites shades into a catchall distrust of trained experts because of their perceived distance from and contempt for 'the people.' Another signature element of populist movements is faith in a savior who can not only speak directly to the people, but also serve as a vessel for the plain people's hopes and dreams. Going back to the 1890s, a series of such saviors have come and gone in the US alone, from William Jennings Bryan to Huey Long to--finally--Donald Trump. In The Populist Temptation, the eminent economic historian Barry Eichengreen focuses on the global resurgence of populism today and places it in a deep context. Alternating between the present and earlier populist waves from modern history, he argues that populists tend to thrive most in the wake of economic downturns, when it is easy to convince the masses of elite malfeasance. Yet while there is more than a grain of truth that bankers, financiers, and 'bought' politicians are responsible for the mess, populists' own solutions tend to be simplistic and economically counterproductive. Moreover, by arguing that the ordinary people are at the mercy of extra-national forces beyond their control--international capital, immigrants, cosmopolitan globalists--populists often degenerate into demagoguery and xenophobia. There is no one solution to addressing the concerns that populists raise, but Eichengreen argues that there is an obvious place to start: shoring up and improving the welfare state so that it is better able to act as a buffer for those who suffer most during economic slumps. For example, America's patchwork welfare state was not well equipped to deal with the economic fallout that attended globalization and the decline of manufacturing in America, and that played no small part in Trump's victory. Lucidly explaining both the appeals and dangers of populism across history, this book is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand not just the populist phenomenon, but more generally the lasting political fallout that follows in the wake of major economic crises.

Global Wage Report 2020-21

Author : INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789220319482
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Wage Report 2020-21 by : INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE.

Download or read book Global Wage Report 2020-21 written by INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE. and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ILO flagship report examines the evolution of real wages around the world, giving a unique picture of wage trends globally and by region. The 2020-21 edition analyses the relationship of minimum wages and inequality, as well as the wage impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The 2020-21 edition also reviews minimum wage systems across the world and identifies the conditions under which minimum wages can reduce inequality. The report presents comprehensive data on levels of minimum wages, their effectiveness, and the number and characteristics of workers paid at or below the minimum. The report highlights how adequate minimum wages, statutory or negotiated, can play a key role in a human-centred recovery from the crisis

The Logic of the Transfer Taxes

Author : Laura Cunningham
Publisher : West Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781647081133
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (811 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of the Transfer Taxes by : Laura Cunningham

Download or read book The Logic of the Transfer Taxes written by Laura Cunningham and published by West Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Logic of the Transfer Taxes: A Guide to the Federal Taxation of Wealth Transfers offers a broad survey of the federal transfer tax system. It thoroughly covers all of the fundamental rules of the gift, estate and generation skipping transfer taxes and provides numerous illustrative examples. It also offers a glimpse of some popular tax planning techniques, including FLPs, GRATS and IDGT'S, and the Special Valuation Rules of Chapter 14. It is appropriate for use as a coursebook for a two or three credit JD or LLM course, or as a reference for newcomers to the area. The Second Edition incorporates changes to the law made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

World Employment and Social Outlook

Author : International Labour Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789220314081
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis World Employment and Social Outlook by : International Labour Office

Download or read book World Employment and Social Outlook written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of global and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labour force participation and productivity, as well as dimensions of job quality such as employment status, informal employment and working poverty. It also examines income and social developments, and provides an indicator of social unrest. Key findings are that are unemployment is projected to rise after a long period of stability, and that many people are working fewer paid hours than they would like or lack adequate access to paid work. The report also takes a close look at decent work deficits and persistent labour market inequalities, noting that income inequality is higher than previously thought.

Should the Federal Income Tax Be Eliminated?

Author : David M. Haugen
Publisher : Greenhaven Press, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9780737762020
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Should the Federal Income Tax Be Eliminated? by : David M. Haugen

Download or read book Should the Federal Income Tax Be Eliminated? written by David M. Haugen and published by Greenhaven Press, Incorporated. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These books provide a range of opinions on a social issue; each volume focuses on a specific issue and offers a variety of perspectives, e.g., eyewitness accounts, governmental views, scientific analysis, newspaper accounts, to illuminate the issue.; Title explores issues related to eliminating the federal income tax including, the adoption of a flat tax; the adoption of a tax based on consumption; and corporate income taxes.; Greenhaven Press's At Issue series provides a wide range of opinions on individual social issues. Enhancing critical thinking skills, each At Issue volume is an excellent research tool to help readers understand current social issues and prepare reports.

World Social Protection Report 2017-19

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis World Social Protection Report 2017-19 by :

Download or read book World Social Protection Report 2017-19 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

General Explanations of the Administration's Fiscal Year 2014 Revenue Proposals

Author : Treasury Department
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis General Explanations of the Administration's Fiscal Year 2014 Revenue Proposals by : Treasury Department

Download or read book General Explanations of the Administration's Fiscal Year 2014 Revenue Proposals written by Treasury Department and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each February when the President releases his proposed Federal Budget for the following year, Treasury releases the General Explanations of the Administration's Revenue Proposals. Known as the “Green Book” (or Greenbook), the document provides a concise explanation of each of the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2014 tax proposals for raising revenue for the Government. This annual document clearly recaps each proposed change, reviewing the provisions in the Current Law, outlining the Administration's Reasons for Change to the law, and explaining the Proposal for the new law. Ideal for anyone wanting a clear summary of the Administration's policies and proposed tax law changes. While many of the proposals included in the FY 2014 budget are either the same or modified versions of proposals included in the Administration’s FY 2013 budget, there are nearly 50 new revenue proposals in the 2014 budget, including closing loopholes and changing tax credits and incentives. Following are a few of the President's new revenue proposals that are explained in the Treasury FY2014 Green Book: Extending employment tax credits for hiring veterans; Requiring derivatives contracts to be marked to market and taxed as ordinary income on an annual basis; Repealing the domestic manufacturing deduction for oil and natural gas production; Establishing multiple incentives for investment in infrastructure, including “America Fast Forward” Bonds and increasing caps on other bonds; Taxing carried interest as ordinary income; Returning the estate tax to 2009 levels, modifying the recent estate tax exclusions and rates signed into law earlier this year under the American Taxpayer Relief Act; Prohibiting individuals from accumulating more than $3 million in tax-preferred retirement accounts; and Capping the benefit of certain deductions (such as a charitable contribution deduction) to 28 percent for taxpayers at or above the 33% marginal tax rate.